Field · Engineering
Most cited papers in Engineering
What are the most cited papers in Engineering?
The most cited paper in Engineering is "U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation" (Olaf Ronneberger, Philipp F. Fischer, Thomas Brox, 2015), with 92,751 citations. Next come "Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition" (75,434) and "Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations" (71,952).
Showing 50 of 100 papers. Every paper with more than 13,038 citations is listed.
| # | Paper | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation Olaf Ronneberger, Philipp F. Fischer, Thomas Brox · Lecture notes in computer science | 2015 | 92,751 |
| 2 | Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition Karen Simonyan, Andrew Zisserman · arXiv (Cornell University) | 4 Sep 2014 | 75,434 |
| 3 | Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations Hendrik J. Monkhorst, J.D. Pack · Physical review. B, Solid state | 15 Jun 1976 | 71,952 |
| 4 | NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis Caroline A Schneider, Wayne S. Rasband, Kevin W. Eliceiri · Nature Methods | 28 Jun 2012 | 67,169 |
| 5 | Self-Consistent Equations Including Exchange and Correlation Effects Walter Kohn, L. J. Sham · Physical Review | 15 Nov 1965 | 64,427 |
| 6 | Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity Zhou Wang, Alan Conrad Bovik, Hamid R. Sheikh et al. · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing | Apr 2004 | 58,409 |
| 7 | Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints David G. Lowe · International Journal of Computer Vision | 2 Jun 2004 | 56,041 |
| 8 | Density-functional exchange-energy approximation with correct asymptotic behavior Axel D. Becke · Physical Review A | Sep 1988 | 54,107 |
| 9 | A new look at the statistical model identification Hirotugu Akaike · IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control | Dec 1974 | 51,685 |
| 10 | Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data Via the EM Algorithm A. P. Dempster, N. M. Laird, Donald B. Rubin · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology) | Sep 1977 | 50,034 |
| 11 | Optimization by Simulated Annealing Scott Kirkpatrick, C. D. Gelatt, Mario P. Vecchi · Science | 13 May 1983 | 45,251 |
| 12 | Comparison of simple potential functions for simulating liquid water William L. Jorgensen, Jayaraman Chandrasekhar, Jeffry D. Madura et al. · The Journal of Chemical Physics | 15 Jul 1983 | 42,894 |
| 13 | The rise of graphene Andre K. Geim, Kostya S. Novoselov · Nature Materials | Mar 2007 | 39,928 |
| 14 | Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines N. Metropolis, Arianna W. Rosenbluth, M. N. Rosenbluth et al. · The Journal of Chemical Physics | Jun 1953 | 37,517 |
| 15 | Learning representations by back-propagating errors David E. Rumelhart, Geoffrey E. Hinton, Ronald J. Williams · Nature | Oct 1986 | 32,003 |
| 16 | Molecular dynamics with coupling to an external bath Herman J. C. Berendsen, Johan P. M. Postma, Wilfred F. van Gunsteren et al. · The Journal of Chemical Physics | 15 Oct 1984 | 31,502 |
| 17 | SSD: Single Shot MultiBox Detector Wei Liu, Dragomir Anguelov, Dumitru Erhan et al. | 16 Jan 2016 | 30,509 |
| 18 | Differential Evolution – A Simple and Efficient Heuristic for global Optimization over Continuous Spaces Rainer Storn, Kenneth V. Price · Journal of Global Optimization | Dec 1997 | 29,587 |
| 19 | QUANTUM ESPRESSO: a modular and open-source software project for quantum simulations of materials Paolo Giannozzi et al. · Journal of Physics Condensed Matter | Sep 2009 | 29,445 |
| 20 | Measuring the efficiency of decision making units A. Charnes, William White Cooper, Edwardo L. Rhodes · European Journal of Operational Research | Nov 1978 | 29,033 |
| 21 | A Closed‐form Equation for Predicting the Hydraulic Conductivity of Unsaturated Soils Martinus Th. van Genuchten · Soil Science Society of America Journal | Sep 1980 | 27,905 |
| 22 | An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments W. C. Oliver, George M. Pharr · Journal of materials research/Pratt's guide to venture capital sources | Jun 1992 | 27,030 |
| 23 | Random sample consensus Martin A. Fischler, Robert C. Bolles · Communications of the ACM | Jun 1981 | 26,036 |
| 24 | Geant4—a simulation toolkit Stefano Agostinelli et al. · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment | 21 Jun 2003 | 25,572 |
| 25 | The electronic properties of graphene Antonio H. Castro Neto, Francisco Javier Esteban Guinea, Nuno M. R. Peres et al. · Reviews of Modern Physics | 14 Jan 2009 | 24,968 |
| 26 | Colorimetry of Total Phenolics with Phosphomolybdic-Phosphotungstic Acid Reagents Vernon L. Singleton, Joseph A. Rossi · American Journal of Enology and Viticulture | 1965 | 24,756 |
| 27 | Compressed sensing David L. Donoho · IEEE Transactions on Information Theory | Apr 2006 | 23,533 |
| 28 | A smooth particle mesh Ewald method Ulrich Essmann, L. Perera, Max L. Berkowitz et al. · The Journal of Chemical Physics | 15 Nov 1995 | 23,377 |
| 29 | Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-spectral Methods Clive W. J. Granger · Econometrica | Aug 1969 | 23,275 |
| 30 | Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells Akihiro Kojima, Kenjiro Teshima, Yasuo Shirai et al. · Journal of the American Chemical Society | 14 Apr 2009 | 23,141 |
| 31 | The Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) as a Measure of “Antioxidant Power”: The FRAP Assay Iris F. F. Benzie, JJ Strain · Analytical Biochemistry | Jul 1996 | 23,032 |
| 32 | Textural Features for Image Classification Robert M. Haralick, K. Shanmugam, Its'Hak Dinstein · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics | Nov 1973 | 22,878 |
| 33 | DeepLab: Semantic Image Segmentation with Deep Convolutional Nets, Atrous Convolution, and Fully Connected CRFs Liang-Chieh Chen, George Papandreou, Iasonas Kokkinos et al. · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence | 27 Apr 2017 | 22,754 |
| 34 | Advances in neural information processing systems 7 Krzysztof J. Cios, Mark E. Shields · Neurocomputing | Sep 1997 | 22,314 |
| 35 | A new generation of Ca2+ indicators with greatly improved fluorescence properties. Grzegorz Grynkiewicz, Martin Poenie, Roger Y. Tsien · Journal of Biological Chemistry | Mar 1985 | 21,798 |
| 36 | Multilayer feedforward networks are universal approximators Kurt Hornik, Maxwell B. Stinchcombe, Halbert White · Neural Networks | 1989 | 21,792 |
| 37 | Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications Florian R. Menter · AIAA Journal | Aug 1994 | 21,460 |
| 38 | A theory for multiresolution signal decomposition: the wavelet representation Stéphane Mallat · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence | Jul 1989 | 21,434 |
| 39 | Particle swarm optimization Riccardo Poli, James C. Kennedy, Tim Blackwell · Swarm Intelligence | 31 Jul 2007 | 21,401 |
| 40 | Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries J. M. Tarascon, Michel B. Armand · Nature | Nov 2001 | 21,115 |
| 41 | Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution (IUPAC Technical Report) Matthias Thommes, Katsumi Kaneko, Alexander V. Neimark et al. · Pure and Applied Chemistry | 2 Jul 2015 | 20,886 |
| 42 | The Pascal Visual Object Classes (VOC) Challenge Mark Everingham, Luc Van Gool, Christopher K. I. Williams et al. · International Journal of Computer Vision | 8 Sep 2009 | 20,137 |
| 43 | Optical Constants of the Noble Metals P. B. Johnson, R. W. Christy · Physical review. B, Solid state | 15 Dec 1972 | 20,103 |
| 44 | An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples) Samuel S. Shapiro, M. B. Wilk · Biometrika | Dec 1965 | 19,971 |
| 45 | Physics-informed neural networks: A deep learning framework for solving forward and inverse problems involving nonlinear partial differential equations Maziar Raissi, Paris Perdikaris, George Em Karniadakis · Journal of Computational Physics | 3 Nov 2018 | 19,776 |
| 46 | Hybrid functionals based on a screened Coulomb potential Jochen Heyd, Gustavo E. Scuseria, Matthias Ernzerhof · The Journal of Chemical Physics | 25 Apr 2003 | 19,740 |
| 47 | Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow Edward N. Lorenz · Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences | Mar 1963 | 19,616 |
| 48 | Building better batteries Michel B. Armand, J.-M. Tarascon · Nature | Feb 2008 | 19,614 |
| 49 | Fuzzy identification of systems and its applications to modeling and control Tomohiro Takagi, Michio Sugeno · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics | 1985 | 19,579 |
| 50 | High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins. Patrick H. O’Farrell · Journal of Biological Chemistry | May 1975 | 19,391 |
Citations are OpenAlex's own counts, from its 2026-09-23 snapshot, so the ranking can differ from Google Scholar or Web of Science. A paper is listed for a field when OpenAlex files it under one of the field's topics; retracted papers and papers whose citation count cannot be traced to citing works are left out, and a preprint and the article it became are shown once. Release dates are OpenAlex's: where a source gave only a month or a year, that is what is shown. How the lists are chosen.