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Most cited papers in Computational Theory and Mathematics

What are the most cited papers in Computational Theory and Mathematics?

The most cited paper in Computational Theory and Mathematics is "A short history of SHELX" (George M. Sheldrick, 2007), with 87,903 citations. Next come "A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II" (49,664) and "Optimization by Simulated Annealing" (45,251).

Showing 50 of 99 papers. Every paper with more than 5,755 citations is listed.

Most cited papers, sortable by citations and release date
#Paper
1 A short history of SHELX George M. Sheldrick · Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography Open access 21 Dec 2007 87,903
2 A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II Kalyanmoy Deb, Amrit Pratap, Sakshi Agarwal et al. · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation Apr 2002 49,664
3 Optimization by Simulated Annealing Scott Kirkpatrick, C. D. Gelatt, Mario P. Vecchi · Science 13 May 1983 45,251
4 AutoDock Vina: Improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading Oleg Trott, Arthur J. Olson · Journal of Computational Chemistry Open access 4 Jun 2009 38,730
5 A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity George L. Ellman, K. Diane Courtney, Valentino Andres et al. · Biochemical Pharmacology Jul 1961 27,264
6 AutoDock4 and AutoDockTools4: Automated docking with selective receptor flexibility Garrett M. Morris, Ruth Huey, William Lindstrom et al. · Journal of Computational Chemistry Open access 27 Apr 2009 25,864
7 Grey Wolf Optimizer Seyedali Mirjalili, Seyed Mohammad Mirjalili, Seyed Mohammad Mirjalili et al. · Advances in Engineering Software Open access 21 Jan 2014 19,320
8 Array programming with NumPy Cr Harris et al. · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics Open access 17 Sep 2020 18,804
9 SwissADME: a free web tool to evaluate pharmacokinetics, drug-likeness and medicinal chemistry friendliness of small molecules Antoine Daina, Olivier Alain Michielin, Vincent Zoete · Scientific Reports Open access 3 Mar 2017 18,169
10 LINCS: A linear constraint solver for molecular simulations Berk Hess, Henk Bekker, Herman J. C. Berendsen et al. · Journal of Computational Chemistry Sep 1997 17,504
11 Nearest neighbor pattern classification Thomas M. Cover, Peter E. Hart · IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 1967 16,834
12 Bagging predictors Leo Breiman · Machine Learning Open access Aug 1996 16,492
13 Mining association rules between sets of items in large databases Rakesh Agrawal, Tomasz Imieliński, Arun N. Swami Conference paperOpen access Jun 1993 14,855
14 An Index of Factorial Simplicity Henry F. Kaiser · Psychometrika Mar 1974 14,788
15 The Whale Optimization Algorithm Seyedali Mirjalili, Andrew W. Lewis · Advances in Engineering Software 26 Feb 2016 14,627
16 New directions in cryptography Whitfield Diffie, Martin E. Hellman · IEEE Transactions on Information Theory Nov 1976 14,610
17 Finding and evaluating community structure in networks Michelle Gayle Newman, Michelle Girvan · Physical Review E Open access 26 Feb 2004 14,307
18 Overview of the CCP 4 suite and current developments Martyn Winn, Charles C. Ballard, Kevin D. Cowtan et al. · Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography Open access 17 Mar 2011 12,694
19 Rough sets Zdzis aw Pawlak · International Journal of Parallel Programming Oct 1982 12,304
20 Principal component analysis Svante Wold, Kim H. Esbensen, Paul L. M. Geladi · Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems Aug 1987 11,762
21 Gephi: An Open Source Software for Exploring and Manipulating Networks Mathieu Bastian, Sébastien Heymann, Mathieu Jacomy · Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media Conference paperOpen access 19 Mar 2009 11,573
22 Experimental and computational approaches to estimate solubility and permeability in drug discovery and development settings Christopher A. Lipinski, Franco Lombardo, Beryl W. Dominy et al. · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Review 1997 11,492
23 Open Babel: An open chemical toolbox Noel M. O’Boyle, Michael Banck, Craig A. James et al. · Journal of Cheminformatics Open access 7 Oct 2011 11,469
24 Reducibility among Combinatorial Problems Richard M. Karp Book chapter 1972 11,108
25 Correlation Coefficients: Appropriate Use and Interpretation Patrick R. Schober, Christa Boer, Lothar Andreas Schwarte · Anesthesia & Analgesia Open access 25 Feb 2018 11,012
26 In silico prediction of protein-protein interactions in human macrophages Oussema Souiai, Fatma Zahra Guerfali, Slimane Ben Miled et al. · BMC Research Notes Open access 2014 10,946
27 Automated docking using a Lamarckian genetic algorithm and an empirical binding free energy function Garrett M. Morris, David S. Goodsell, Robert S. Halliday et al. · Journal of Computational Chemistry 15 Nov 1998 10,945
28 Quantum cryptography based on Bell’s theorem ARTUR K. EKERT · Physical Review Letters 5 Aug 1991 10,906
29 Petri nets: Properties, analysis and applications Tadao Murata · Proceedings of the IEEE Apr 1989 10,641
30 Inference of Macromolecular Assemblies from Crystalline State Evgeny Krissinel, Kim Henrick · Journal of Molecular Biology Open access 15 May 2007 10,600
31 Dynamical Theory of Crystal Lattices Max Born, Kun Huang, Melvin D. Lax · American Journal of Physics Oct 1955 10,595
32 A Set of Measures of Centrality Based on Betweenness Linton C. Freeman · Sociometry Mar 1977 10,473
33 The Cambridge Structural Database Colin R. Groom, Ian J. Bruno, Matthew P. Lightfoot et al. · Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science Crystal Engineering and Materials Open access Apr 2016 10,346
34 A modified particle swarm optimizer Yibing Shi, R.C. Eberhart Conference paper 27 Nov 2002 10,246
35 Glide: A New Approach for Rapid, Accurate Docking and Scoring. 1. Method and Assessment of Docking Accuracy Richard A. Friesner, Jay L. Banks, Robert B. Murphy et al. · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 27 Feb 2004 10,177
36 I.—COMPUTING MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE Alan Mathison Turing · Mind Oct 1950 10,076
37 MOEA/D: A Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Decomposition Qingfu Zhang, Hui Li · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 29 Nov 2007 10,000
38 The STRING database in 2023: protein–protein association networks and functional enrichment analyses for any sequenced genome of interest Damian Szklarczyk, Rebecca L. Kirsch, Mikaela Koutrouli et al. · Nucleic Acids Research Open access 19 Oct 2022 9,763
39 On the implementation of an interior-point filter line-search algorithm for large-scale nonlinear programming Andreas Wächter, Lorenz T. Biegler · Mathematical Programming 28 Apr 2005 9,722
40 The particle swarm - explosion, stability, and convergence in a multidimensional complex space Maurice Clerc, James C. Kennedy · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 2002 9,039
41 DrugBank 5.0: a major update to the DrugBank database for 2018 David Scott Wishart et al. · Nucleic Acids Research Open access 4 Nov 2017 9,014
42 Graph-Based Algorithms for Boolean Function Manipulation Bryant · IEEE Transactions on Computers Open access Aug 1986 8,956
43 A fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search Lov K. Grover Conference paperOpen access 1996 8,851
44 Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms: a comparative case study and the strength Pareto approach Eckart Zitzler, Lothar Thiele · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 1999 8,815
45 On the limited memory BFGS method for large scale optimization Dong C. Liu, Jorge Nocedal · Mathematical Programming Aug 1989 8,813
46 LIGAND: A versatile computerized approach for characterization of ligand-binding systems Peter J. Munson, David Rodbard · Analytical Biochemistry Sep 1980 8,497
47 Optuna Takuya Akiba, Shotaro Sano, Toshihiko Yanase et al. Conference paper 25 Jul 2019 8,344
48 Patterns in Hydrogen Bonding: Functionality and Graph Set Analysis in Crystals Joel Bernstein, Raymond E. Davis, Liat Shimoni et al. · Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 18 Aug 1995 8,233
49 Network Flows: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications. David Keith Smith, Ravindra K. Ahuja, Thomas L. Magnanti et al. · Journal of the Operational Research Society Nov 1994 8,169
50 Fuzzy sets as a basis for a theory of possibility Lotfi A. Zadeh · Fuzzy Sets and Systems 1978 8,108

Citations are OpenAlex's own counts, from its 2026-09-23 snapshot, so the ranking can differ from Google Scholar or Web of Science. A paper is listed for a field when OpenAlex files it under one of the field's topics; retracted papers and papers whose citation count cannot be traced to citing works are left out, and a preprint and the article it became are shown once. Release dates are OpenAlex's: where a source gave only a month or a year, that is what is shown. How the lists are chosen.