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Most cited papers in Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design

What are the most cited papers in Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design?

The most cited paper in Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design is "Snakes: Active contour models" (Michael Kass, Andrew Witkin, Demetri Terzopoulos, 1988), with 17,142 citations. Next come "High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models" (15,702) and "The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: transforming numbers into movies" (11,776).

Showing 50 of 97 papers. Every paper with more than 1,586 citations is listed.

Most cited papers, sortable by citations and release date
#Paper
1 Snakes: Active contour models Michael Kass, Andrew Witkin, Demetri Terzopoulos · International Journal of Computer Vision 1988 17,142
2 High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models Robin Rombach, Andreas Blattmann, Dominik Lorenz et al. · 2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) Conference paper Jun 2022 15,702
3 The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: transforming numbers into movies Denis G. Pelli · Spatial Vision 1997 11,776
4 Marching cubes: A high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm William E. Lorensen, H. E. Cline Conference paperOpen access Aug 1987 10,249
5 UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection Leland McInnes, John Healy, Nathaniel Saul et al. · The Journal of Open Source Software Open access 2 Sep 2018 10,200
6 Gmsh: A 3‐D finite element mesh generator with built‐in pre‐ and post‐processing facilities Christophe Geuzaine, Jean‐François Remacle · International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering Open access 7 May 2009 7,914
7 NeRF Ben Mildenhall, Pratul P. Srinivasan, Matthew Tancik et al. · Communications of the ACM Open access 17 Dec 2021 6,590
8 Cortical Surface-Based Analysis Bruce R. Fischl, Martin I. Sereno, Anders Martin Dale · NeuroImage Feb 1999 6,470
9 Image Style Transfer Using Convolutional Neural Networks Leon A. Gatys, Alexander S. Ecker, Matthias Bethge Conference paper Jun 2016 6,164
10 Watersheds in digital spaces: an efficient algorithm based on immersion simulations Luc M. Vincent, Pierre Soille · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Jun 1991 5,678
11 3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Rendering Bernhard Kerbl, Georgios Kopanas, Thomas Leimkühler et al. · ACM Transactions on Graphics Open access 26 Jul 2023 5,593
12 The quickhull algorithm for convex hulls C. Bradford Barber, David Dobkin, Hannu T. Huhdanpaa · ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software Open access Dec 1996 5,441
13 NeRF: Representing Scenes as Neural Radiance Fields for View Synthesis Ben Mildenhall, Pratul P. Srinivasan, Matthew Tancik et al. · Lecture notes in computer science Conference paper 2020 5,159
14 A new polynomial-time algorithm for linear programming Narendra K. Karmarkar · COMBINATORICA Dec 1984 4,858
15 A Level Set Approach for Computing Solutions to Incompressible Two-Phase Flow Mark Sussman, Peter Smereka, Stanley Osher · Journal of Computational Physics Sep 1994 4,839
16 An analysis of approximations for maximizing submodular set functions—I George L. Nemhauser, Laurence A. Wolsey, Marshall L. Fisher · Mathematical Programming Dec 1978 4,553
17 Computational Geometry: Algorithms and Applications Mark de Berg, Otfried Cheong, Marc J. van Kreveld et al. · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) 1997 4,503
18 Voronoi diagrams—a survey of a fundamental geometric data structure Franz Aurenhammer · ACM Computing Surveys Sep 1991 4,387
19 Computational Geometry--An Introduction. Mikhail J. Atallah, Franco P. Preparata, Michael Ian Shamos · Mathematics of Computation Oct 1986 4,274
20 The R*-tree: an efficient and robust access method for points and rectangles Norbert Beckmann, Hans‐Peter Kriegel, Ralf Schneider et al. Conference paperOpen access May 1990 4,188
21 Free software helps map and display data Paul Wessel, Walter H. F. Smith · Eos 8 Oct 1991 4,159
22 Instant neural graphics primitives with a multiresolution hash encoding Thomas J. Muller, Alex Evans, Christoph Schied et al. · ACM Transactions on Graphics Open access Jul 2022 4,064
23 SMPL Matthew Loper, Naureen Mahmood, Javier Romero et al. · ACM Transactions on Graphics 26 Oct 2015 3,807
24 Light field rendering Marc Levoy, Pat Hanrahan Conference paper Aug 1996 3,785
25 Geometric Deep Learning: Going beyond Euclidean data Michael M. Bronstein, Joan Bruna, Yann LeCun et al. · IEEE Signal Processing Magazine Open access Jul 2017 3,748
26 Image inpainting Marcelo Bertalmı́o, Guillermo Sapiro, V. Caselles et al. Conference paperOpen access 2000 3,634
27 RRT-connect: An efficient approach to single-query path planning James Kuffner, Steven M. LaValle Conference paper 7 Nov 2002 3,525
28 Surface simplification using quadric error metrics Michael J. Garland, Paul S. Heckbert Conference paper 1997 3,436
29 Affine Invariant Flows in the Beltrami Framework Nir Sochen · Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision 2004 3,309
30 Region Filling and Object Removal by Exemplar-Based Image Inpainting Antonio Criminisi, Patrick Pérez, Kentaro Toyama · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 16 Aug 2004 3,287
31 A fast marching level set method for monotonically advancing fronts. James A. Sethian · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Open access 20 Feb 1996 3,254
32 A level set method for structural topology optimization Michael Yu Wang, Xiaoming Wang, Dongming Guo · Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 27 Dec 2002 3,247
33 A volumetric method for building complex models from range images Brian Curless, Marc Levoy Conference paper Aug 1996 3,171
34 Shape modeling with front propagation: a level set approach R. Malladi, James A. Sethian, Baba C. Vemuri · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 1995 3,163
35 A threshold of ln n for approximating set cover Uriel Feige · Journal of the ACM Open access Jul 1998 3,149
36 Accurate, Dense, and Robust Multiview Stereopsis Yasutaka Furukawa, Jean Ponce · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Sep 2009 3,089
37 Illumination for computer generated pictures Bui Tuong Phong · Communications of the ACM Open access Jun 1975 3,014
38 The design and use of steerable filters William T. Freeman, Edward H. Adelson · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 1991 2,951
39 Semantic Image Synthesis With Spatially-Adaptive Normalization Taesung Park, Ming-Yu Liu, Ting-Chun Wang et al. Conference paper Jun 2019 2,926
40 OctoMap: an efficient probabilistic 3D mapping framework based on octrees Armin Hornung, Kai M. Wurm, Maren Bennewitz et al. · Autonomous Robots 6 Feb 2013 2,907
41 Progressive meshes Hugues Hoppe Conference paperOpen access Aug 1996 2,828
42 A fast parallel algorithm for thinning digital patterns Tingwei Zhang, Ching Y. Suen · Communications of the ACM Open access Mar 1984 2,781
43 Surface reconstruction from unorganized points Hugues Hoppe, Tony DeRose, Tom Duchamp et al. Conference paperOpen access Jul 1992 2,762
44 High Accuracy Optical Flow Estimation Based on a Theory for Warping Thomas Brox, Andrés Bruhn, Nils Papenberg et al. · Lecture notes in computer science Conference paper 2004 2,614
45 Free-form deformation of solid geometric models Thomas W. Sederberg, Scott R. Parry · ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics Open access 31 Aug 1986 2,599
46 Generative Image Inpainting with Contextual Attention Jiahui Yu, Zhe Lin, Jimei Yang et al. Conference paper Jun 2018 2,537
47 Three-dimensional alpha shapes Herbert Edelsbrunner, Ernst P. Mücke · ACM Transactions on Graphics Open access 1994 2,504
48 The lumigraph Steven J. Gortler, Radek Grzeszczuk, Richard Szeliski et al. Conference paperOpen access Aug 1996 2,484
49 Image matching as a diffusion process: an analogy with Maxwell's demons J.-P. Thirion · Medical Image Analysis Open access Sep 1998 2,471
50 Display of surfaces from volume data Marc Levoy · IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications May 1988 2,457

Citations are OpenAlex's own counts, from its 2026-09-23 snapshot, so the ranking can differ from Google Scholar or Web of Science. A paper is listed for a field when OpenAlex files it under one of the field's topics; retracted papers and papers whose citation count cannot be traced to citing works are left out, and a preprint and the article it became are shown once. Release dates are OpenAlex's: where a source gave only a month or a year, that is what is shown. How the lists are chosen.