Topic · Climate variability and models
Most cited papers in Climate variability and models
What are the most cited papers in Climate variability and models?
The most cited paper in Climate variability and models is "The ERA5 global reanalysis" (Hans Hersbach et al., 2020), with 32,366 citations. Next come "The ERA‐Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system" (26,509) and "Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas" (20,328).
Showing 50 of 100 papers. Every paper with more than 3,087 citations is listed.
| # | Paper | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The ERA5 global reanalysis Hans Hersbach et al. · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society | 17 May 2020 | 32,366 |
| 2 | The ERA‐Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system Dick P. Dee et al. · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society | Apr 2011 | 26,509 |
| 3 | Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas Robert J. Hijmans, Susan E. Cameron, Juan L. Parra et al. · International Journal of Climatology | 2005 | 20,328 |
| 4 | WorldClim 2: new 1‐km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas Stephen E. Fick, Robert J. Hijmans · International Journal of Climatology | 15 May 2017 | 17,637 |
| 5 | An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experiment Design Karl E. Taylor, Ronald J. Stouffer, Gerald A. Meehl · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society | 7 Oct 2011 | 14,860 |
| 6 | Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification Murray Cameron Peel, BRIAN L. FINLAYSON, Thomas A. McMahon · Hydrology and earth system sciences | 11 Oct 2007 | 13,158 |
| 7 | Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization Veronika Eyring, Sandrine Bony, Gerald A. Meehl et al. · Geoscientific model development | 26 May 2016 | 12,432 |
| 8 | World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated Markus Kottek, Jürgen Grieser, Christoph Beck et al. · Meteorologische Zeitschrift | 2 Jul 2006 | 11,611 |
| 9 | Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century Nick A Rayner, D. E. Parker, E. B. Horton et al. · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres | 17 Jul 2003 | 11,470 |
| 10 | A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems Camille Parmesan, Gary Yohe · Nature | 2003 | 11,364 |
| 11 | A Multiscalar Drought Index Sensitive to Global Warming: The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index Sergio Martín Vicente-Serrano, Santiago Beguerı́a, Juan Ignacio López‐Moreno · Journal of Climate | 19 Nov 2009 | 9,596 |
| 12 | Decadal Trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional Temperatures and Precipitation James Wilson Hurrell · Science | 4 Aug 1995 | 8,079 |
| 13 | A New Vertical Diffusion Package with an Explicit Treatment of Entrainment Processes Song-You Hong, Yign Noh, Jimy Dudhia · Monthly Weather Review | Sep 2006 | 7,467 |
| 14 | A Pacific Interdecadal Climate Oscillation with Impacts on Salmon Production Nathan J. Mantua, Steven R. Hare, Yuan Zhang et al. · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society | Jun 1997 | 7,210 |
| 15 | The ERA‐40 re‐analysis S. Uppala et al. · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society | Oct 2005 | 7,164 |
| 16 | The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): Quasi-Global, Multiyear, Combined-Sensor Precipitation Estimates at Fine Scales George J. Huffman, David T. Bolvin, Eric J. Nelkin et al. · Journal of Hydrometeorology | Feb 2007 | 6,998 |
| 17 | The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment Richard H. Moss, Jae Edmonds, Kathy A. Hibbard et al. · Nature | Feb 2010 | 6,734 |
| 18 | Advantages of the mean absolute error (MAE) over the root mean square error (RMSE) in assessing average model performance C. J. Willmott, Kenji Matsuura · Climate Research | 2005 | 6,550 |
| 19 | Root mean square error (RMSE) or mean absolute error (MAE)? – Arguments against avoiding RMSE in the literature Tianfeng Chai, Roland R. Draxler · Geoscientific model development | 30 Jun 2014 | 6,448 |
| 20 | Application of the cross wavelet transform and wavelet coherence to geophysical time series Aslak Grinsted, John Christopher Moore, Svetlana Jevrejeva · Nonlinear processes in geophysics | 18 Nov 2004 | 6,407 |
| 21 | Updated high‐resolution grids of monthly climatic observations – the CRU TS3 .10 Dataset Ian Charles Harris, Philip Douglas Jones, Timothy J. Osborn et al. · International Journal of Climatology | 21 May 2013 | 6,354 |
| 22 | Coupling an Advanced Land Surface–Hydrology Model with the Penn State–NCAR MM5 Modeling System. Part I: Model Implementation and Sensitivity Fei Chen, Jimy Dudhia · Monthly Weather Review | Apr 2001 | 5,888 |
| 23 | Investigating soil moisture–climate interactions in a changing climate: A review Sonia Isabelle Seneviratne, T. Corti, Édouard L. Davin et al. · Earth-Science Reviews | 15 Feb 2010 | 5,855 |
| 24 | Climate change 2001: The scientific basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change David Griggs, M. Noguer · Weather | Aug 2002 | 5,819 |
| 25 | A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean N. H. Saji, B. N. Goswami, Puthenveettil Narayana Menon Vinayachandran et al. · Nature | Sep 1999 | 5,596 |
| 26 | The Version-2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) Monthly Precipitation Analysis (1979–Present) Robert F. Adler, George J. Huffman, Alfred T. C. Chang et al. · Journal of Hydrometeorology | Dec 2003 | 5,567 |
| 27 | NCEP–DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2) Masao Kanamitsu, Wesley Ebisuzaki, Jack S. Woollen et al. · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society | Nov 2002 | 5,453 |
| 28 | High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes Jean‐François Pekel, Andrew Cottam, Noel Gorelick et al. · Nature | 6 Dec 2016 | 5,407 |
| 29 | The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis Suranjana Saha et al. · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society | 22 Apr 2010 | 5,341 |
| 30 | The regional oceanic modeling system (ROMS): a split-explicit, free-surface, topography-following-coordinate oceanic model Alexander F. Shchepetkin, James C. McWilliams · Ocean Modelling | 28 Sep 2004 | 5,330 |
| 31 | ERA5-Land: a state-of-the-art global reanalysis dataset for land applications Joaquín Muñoz‐Sabater, Emanuel Dutra, Anna Agustí‐Panareda et al. · Earth system science data | 7 Sep 2021 | 5,281 |
| 32 | The Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (ScenarioMIP) for CMIP6 Brian C. O’Neill, Claudia Tebaldi, Detlef Peter van Vuuren et al. · Geoscientific model development | 28 Sep 2016 | 5,223 |
| 33 | MERRA: NASA’s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Michele M. Rienecker et al. · Journal of Climate | 8 Apr 2011 | 5,204 |
| 34 | The Kain–Fritsch Convective Parameterization: An Update John S. Kain · Journal of applied meteorology | 2004 | 5,171 |
| 35 | Robust Responses of the Hydrological Cycle to Global Warming Isaac M. Held, Brian J. Soden · Journal of Climate | Nov 2006 | 5,132 |
| 36 | The JRA-55 Reanalysis: General Specifications and Basic Characteristics Shinya Kobayashi, Yukinari Ota, Yayoi Harada et al. · Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan Ser II | 2015 | 5,031 |
| 37 | Potential impacts of a warming climate on water availability in snow-dominated regions Tim P. Barnett, J. C. Adam, Dennis P. Lettenmaier · Nature | Nov 2005 | 4,994 |
| 38 | Climate Extremes: Observations, Modeling, and Impacts David R. Easterling, Gerald A. Meehl, Camille Parmesan et al. · Science | 22 Sep 2000 | 4,969 |
| 39 | Increasing drought under global warming in observations and models Aiguo Dai · Nature Climate Change | 3 Aug 2012 | 4,836 |
| 40 | An Improved In Situ and Satellite SST Analysis for Climate Richard W. Reynolds, Nick A Rayner, Thomas M. Smith et al. · Journal of Climate | Jul 2002 | 4,684 |
| 41 | Stationarity Is Dead: Whither Water Management? Paul C. D. Milly, Julio L. Betancourt, Malin Falkenmark et al. · Science | Feb 2008 | 4,645 |
| 42 | The Ensemble Kalman Filter: theoretical formulation and practical implementation Geir Evensen · Ocean Dynamics | Nov 2003 | 4,595 |
| 43 | Teleconnections in the Geopotential Height Field during the Northern Hemisphere Winter John M. Wallace, David S. Gutzler · Monthly Weather Review | Apr 1981 | 4,591 |
| 44 | Oceanic vertical mixing: A review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization William G. Large, James C. McWilliams, Scott C. Doney · Reviews of Geophysics | Nov 1994 | 4,568 |
| 45 | Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation Lisa V. Alexander et al. · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres | 14 Mar 2006 | 4,549 |
| 46 | Daily High-Resolution-Blended Analyses for Sea Surface Temperature Richard W. Reynolds, Thomas M. Smith, Chun‐Ying Liu et al. · Journal of Climate | 15 Nov 2007 | 4,465 |
| 47 | Global Precipitation: A 17-Year Monthly Analysis Based on Gauge Observations, Satellite Estimates, and Numerical Model Outputs Pingping Xie, Phillip A. Arkin · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society | Nov 1997 | 4,411 |
| 48 | More Intense, More Frequent, and Longer Lasting Heat Waves in the 21st Century Gerald A. Meehl, Claudia Tebaldi · Science | 13 Aug 2004 | 4,367 |
| 49 | The NCEP–NCAR 50–Year Reanalysis: Monthly Means CD–ROM and Documentation Robert E. Kistler, William D. Collins, Suranjana Saha et al. · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society | Feb 2001 | 4,364 |
| 50 | Some simple solutions for heat‐induced tropical circulation Adrian Edmund Gill · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society | Jul 1980 | 4,292 |
Citations are OpenAlex's own counts, from its 2026-09-23 snapshot, so the ranking can differ from Google Scholar or Web of Science. A paper is listed for a field when OpenAlex files it under one of the field's topics; retracted papers and papers whose citation count cannot be traced to citing works are left out, and a preprint and the article it became are shown once. Release dates are OpenAlex's: where a source gave only a month or a year, that is what is shown. How the lists are chosen.