Most cited papers in Freedom of Expression and Defamation
What are the most cited papers in Freedom of Expression and Defamation?
The most cited paper in Freedom of Expression and Defamation is "On Face-Work" (Erving Goffman, 1955), with 2,865 citations. Next come "Hateful Symbols or Hateful People? Predictive Features for Hate Speech Detection on Twitter" (1,678) and "SemEval-2019 Task 5: Multilingual Detection of Hate Speech Against Immigrants and Women in Twitter" (873).
Showing 50 of 102 papers. Every paper with more than 80 citations is listed.
| # | Paper | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On Face-Work Erving Goffman · Psychiatry | Aug 1955 | 2,865 |
| 2 | Hateful Symbols or Hateful People? Predictive Features for Hate Speech Detection on Twitter Zeerak Waseem, Dirk Hovy | 2016 | 1,678 |
| 3 | SemEval-2019 Task 5: Multilingual Detection of Hate Speech Against Immigrants and Women in Twitter Valerio Basile, Cristina Bosco, Elisabetta Fersini et al. | 2019 | 873 |
| 4 | Are You a Racist or Am I Seeing Things? Annotator Influence on Hate Speech Detection on Twitter Zeerak Waseem | 2016 | 585 |
| 5 | The New Governors: The People, Rules, and Processes Governing Online Speech Kate Klonick · St. John's University School of Law (St. John's University) | Apr 2018 | 584 |
| 6 | Us and them: identifying cyber hate on Twitter across multiple protected characteristics Pete Burnap, Matthew L. Williams · EPJ Data Science | 22 Mar 2016 | 403 |
| 7 | SemEval-2020 Task 12: Multilingual Offensive Language Identification in Social Media (OffensEval 2020) Marcos Zampieri, Preslav Nakov, Sara Rosenthal et al. | 2020 | 391 |
| 8 | Notes on Countertransference Otto F. Kernberg · Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association | 1965 | 348 |
| 9 | A Theory of Freedom of Expression 1 Thomas Scanlon | 8 May 2018 | 331 |
| 10 | Abusive Language Detection on Arabic Social Media Hamdy Mubarak, Kareem Mohamed Darwish, Walid Magdy | 2017 | 305 |
| 11 | The classification of cooperative illocutionary acts Michael Hancher · Language in Society | Apr 1979 | 301 |
| 12 | Detecting Hate Speech in Social Media Shervin Malmasi, Marcos Zampieri | 10 Nov 2017 | 293 |
| 13 | Protecting Privacy Online: Is Self-Regulation Working? Mary J. Culnan · Journal of Public Policy & Marketing | Apr 2000 | 293 |
| 14 | Digital Speech and Democratic Culture: a Theory of Freedom of Expression for the Information Society Jack M. Balkin · SSRN Electronic Journal | 2003 | 286 |
| 15 | The Cultural Life of Intellectual Properties: Authorship, Appropriation, and the Law Jonathan Z. Friedman · American Ethnologist | Nov 1999 | 275 |
| 16 | Perceived Impact of Defamation: An Experiment on Third-Person Effects Jeremy M. Cohen, Diana C. Mutz, Vincent Price et al. · Public Opinion Quarterly | 1988 | 270 |
| 17 | “You Don't Understand, This is a New War!” Analysis of Hate Speech in News Web Sites' Comments Karmen Erjavec, Melita Poler Kovačić · Mass Communication & Society | Nov 2012 | 263 |
| 18 | Free Culture: How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity Michael O’Hare · Journal of Cultural Economics | May 2005 | 245 |
| 19 | The PII Problem: Privacy and a New Concept of Personally Identifiable Information Paul M. Schwartz, Daniel J. Solove · bepress Legal Repository | 2011 | 240 |
| 20 | The platform governance triangle: conceptualising the informal regulation of online content Robert Gorwa · Internet Policy Review | 30 Jun 2019 | 232 |
| 21 | What is so special about online (as compared to offline) hate speech? Alexander Brown · Ethnicities | 19 May 2017 | 231 |
| 22 | The Political Power of Platforms: How Current Attempts to Regulate Misinformation Amplify Opinion Power Natali Helberger · Digital Journalism | 2 Jul 2020 | 223 |
| 23 | Hate Speech: A Systematized Review María Antonia Paz Rebollo, Julio Montero Díaz, Alicia Moreno‐Delgado · SAGE Open | Oct 2020 | 215 |
| 24 | The Political Agnosticism of Free and Open Source Software and the Inadvertent Politics of Contrast Gabriella Coleman · Anthropological Quarterly | Jun 2004 | 214 |
| 25 | Fighting Hate Speech, Silencing Drag Queens? Artificial Intelligence in Content Moderation and Risks to LGBTQ Voices Online Thiago Dias Oliva, Dennys Marcelo Antonialli, Alessandra Cristina Gomes · Sexuality & Culture | 6 Nov 2020 | 202 |
| 26 | Internet regulation as media policy: Rethinking the question of digital communication platform governance Terry Flew, Fiona R. Martin, Nicolas Pierre Suzor · Journal of Digital Media & Policy | Mar 2019 | 195 |
| 27 | Information Fiduciaries and the First Amendment Jack M. Balkin · bepress Legal Repository | 3 Feb 2016 | 194 |
| 28 | Regulating hate speech online James A. Banks · International Review of Law Computers & Technology | 29 Oct 2010 | 191 |
| 29 | On the dunce hat E. Christopher Zeeman · Topology | 1963 | 187 |
| 30 | STUDIES ON ETHIONINE Melvin V. Simpson, Emmanuel Farber, Harold Tarver · Journal of Biological Chemistry | 1950 | 181 |
| 31 | An Italian Twitter Corpus of Hate Speech against Immigrants Manuela Sanguinetti, Fabio Poletto, Cristina Bosco et al. | May 2018 | 171 |
| 32 | Digital Constitutionalism: Using the Rule of Law to Evaluate the Legitimacy of Governance by Platforms Nicolas Pierre Suzor · Social Media + Society | Jul 2018 | 169 |
| 33 | Thou Shalt Not Hate: Countering Online Hate Speech Binny Mathew, Punyajoy Saha, Hardik Tharad et al. · Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media | 6 Jul 2019 | 168 |
| 34 | The Checking Value in First Amendment Theory Vincent Blasi · American Bar Foundation Research Journal | 1977 | 167 |
| 35 | Platform values and democratic elections: How can the law regulate digital disinformation? Christopher T. Marsden, Trisha Meyer, Ian Brown · Computer law & security review | 15 Nov 2019 | 163 |
| 36 | "In General" vs. "It Depends": Some Comments of the Gergen-Schlenker Debate Warren Thorngate · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin | Oct 1976 | 157 |
| 37 | Thirty years of research into hate speech: topics of interest and their evolution Alice Tontodimamma, Eugenia Nissi, Annalina Sarra et al. · Scientometrics | 30 Oct 2020 | 153 |
| 38 | Understanding the notion of risk in the General Data Protection Regulation Raphaël Gellert · Computer law & security review | 9 Jan 2018 | 150 |
| 39 | The illegal body: `Eurodac' and the politics of biometric identification Irma van der Ploeg · Ethics and Information Technology | Dec 1999 | 146 |
| 40 | Privacy. An Intercultural Perspective Rafael Capurro · Ethics and Information Technology | Mar 2005 | 146 |
| 41 | The Facebook Oversight Board: Creating an Independent Institution to Adjudicate Online Free Expression Kate Klonick · St. John's University School of Law (St. John's University) | 2020 | 145 |
| 42 | Freedom of expression and categories of expression Т. М. Scanlon · Cambridge University Press eBooks | 26 Jun 2003 | 144 |
| 43 | Designing Effective Privacy Notices and Controls Florian Schaub, Rebecca Balebako, Lorrie Faith Cranor · IEEE Internet Computing | May 2017 | 142 |
| 44 | Presumptions and the Distribution of Argumentative Burdens in Acts of Proposing and Accusing Fred J. Kauffeld · Argumentation | May 1998 | 135 |
| 45 | The Usual Suspects? Public Participation Under the Aarhus Convention Maria Lee, Carolyn Abbot · Modern Law Review | 2003 | 134 |
| 46 | STUDIES ON ETHIONINE Emmanuel Farber, Melvin V. Simpson, Harold Tarver · Journal of Biological Chemistry | 1950 | 130 |
| 47 | STUDIES ON ETHIONINE Melvin Levine, Harold Tarver · Journal of Biological Chemistry | Oct 1951 | 129 |
| 48 | I. Introduction Shalender Bhasin · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism | Oct 1998 | 125 |
| 49 | A theory of freedom of expression Т. М. Scanlon · Cambridge University Press eBooks | 26 Jun 2003 | 122 |
| 50 | The Free Speech Argument Against Pornography Caroline West · Canadian Journal of Philosophy | Sep 2003 | 121 |
Citations are OpenAlex's own counts, from its 2026-09-23 snapshot, so the ranking can differ from Google Scholar or Web of Science. A paper is listed for a field when OpenAlex files it under one of the field's topics; retracted papers and papers whose citation count cannot be traced to citing works are left out, and a preprint and the article it became are shown once. Release dates are OpenAlex's: where a source gave only a month or a year, that is what is shown. How the lists are chosen.