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Most cited papers in Online and Blended Learning

What are the most cited papers in Online and Blended Learning?

The most cited paper in Online and Blended Learning is "The fifth discipline, the art and practice of the learning organization" (Peter M. Senge, 1991), with 20,158 citations. Next come "Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach" (11,628) and "Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge: A Framework for Teacher Knowledge" (10,114).

Showing 50 of 99 papers. Every paper with more than 1,186 citations is listed.

Most cited papers, sortable by citations and release date
#Paper
1 The fifth discipline, the art and practice of the learning organization Peter M. Senge · NSPI Journal Open access May 1991 20,158
2 Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach Joseph A. Maxwell 12 Apr 1996 11,628
3 Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge: A Framework for Teacher Knowledge Punya Mishra, Matthew J. Koehler · Teachers College Record The Voice of Scholarship in Education 26 May 2006 10,114
4 Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance. Paul R. Pintrich, Elisabeth Vialpando De Groot · Journal of Educational Psychology Mar 1990 7,882
5 Critical Inquiry in a Text-Based Environment: Computer Conferencing in Higher Education D. Randy Garrison, Terry D. Anderson, Walter Archer · The Internet and Higher Education Mar 1999 6,566
6 Blended learning: Uncovering its transformative potential in higher education D. Randy Garrison, Heather Kanuka · The Internet and Higher Education Apr 2004 4,568
7 Principles of Instructional Design Robert M. Gagné, Leslie J. Briggs 1974 4,499
8 Nine Ways to Reduce Cognitive Load in Multimedia Learning Richard E. Mayer, Roxana Moreno · Educational Psychologist 2003 4,182
9 Enhancing teaching through constructive alignment JOHN B. BIGGS · Higher Education Oct 1996 3,971
10 Likert Scale: Explored and Explained Ankur Joshi, Saket Kale, Satish Chandel et al. · British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 10 Jan 2015 3,808
11 Investigating Self-Regulation and Motivation: Historical Background, Methodological Developments, and Future Prospects Barry J. Zimmerman · American Educational Research Journal Mar 2008 3,727
12 A Conceptual Framework for Assessing Motivation and Self-Regulated Learning in College Students Paul R. Pintrich · Educational Psychology Review Open access Dec 2004 3,246
13 How College Affects Students. Robert D. Brown, Ernest T. Pascarella, Patrick T. Terenzini · The Journal of Higher Education May 1992 3,215
14 Critical thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education D. Randy Garrison, Terry D. Anderson, Walter Archer · American Journal of Distance Education 2001 3,043
15 Cognitive Load Theory and Instructional Design: Recent Developments FRED G. W. C. PAAS, Alexander Renkl, John Sweller · Educational Psychologist 2003 2,976
16 From Teaching to Learning — A New Paradigm For Undergraduate Education Robert B. Barr, John Robert Tagg · Change The Magazine of Higher Learning Nov 1995 2,893
17 Problem Based Learning: An instructional model and its constructivist framework John Savery, Thomas M. Duffy 1995 2,868
18 A Review of Self-regulated Learning: Six Models and Four Directions for Research Ernesto Panadero · Frontiers in Psychology Open access 28 Apr 2017 2,816
19 Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: the challenges and opportunities Olasile Babatunde Adedoyın, Emrah Soykan · Interactive Learning Environments Open access 2 Sep 2020 2,752
20 What drives a successful e-Learning? An empirical investigation of the critical factors influencing learner satisfaction Pei‐Chen Sun, Ray J. Tsai, Glenn Finger et al. · Computers & Education 16 Jan 2007 2,738
21 An Educational Psychology Success Story: Social Interdependence Theory and Cooperative Learning David W. Johnson, Roger T. Johnson · Educational Researcher Jun 2009 2,670
22 The adequacy of response rates to online and paper surveys: what can be done? Duncan David Nulty · Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education Open access 23 Apr 2008 2,592
23 Reconsidering Research on Learning from Media Richard E. Clark · Review of Educational Research Dec 1983 2,513
24 Teacher Technology Change Peggy A. Ertmer, Anne Todd Ottenbreit-Leftwich · Journal of Research on Technology in Education Mar 2010 2,505
25 The Flipped Classroom: A Survey of the Research Jacob Bishop, Matthew A. Verleger Conference paperOpen access 3 Sep 2020 2,438
26 Teacher pedagogical beliefs: The final frontier in our quest for technology integration? Peggy A. Ertmer · Educational Technology Research and Development Dec 2005 2,420
27 Online teaching-learning in higher education during lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic Lokanath Mishra, Tushar Gupta, Abha Shree · International Journal of Educational Research Open Open access 2020 2,379
28 How Learning Works : Seven Research-Based Principles for Smart Teaching Susan A. Ambrose 17 May 2010 2,345
29 Development and use of the ARCS model of instructional design John M. Keller · Journal of Instructional Development Sep 1987 2,328
30 COVID ‐19 and online teaching in higher education: A case study of Peking University Bao Wei · Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies Open access Apr 2020 2,279
31 The Impact of E-Learning in Medical Education Jorge G. Ruiz, Michael J. Mintzer, Rosanne M. Leipzig · Academic Medicine 17 Feb 2006 2,259
32 Design-based research and technology-enhanced learning environments Feng Wang, Michael J. Hannafin · Educational Technology Research and Development Dec 2005 2,228
33 Computer Support for Knowledge-Building Communities Marlene Scardamalia, Carl Bereiter · Journal of the Learning Sciences Open access Jul 1994 2,171
34 Age of Surveillance Capitalism – The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. David Kendell · Brock Education Journal Open access 4 Sep 2020 2,158
35 The use of flipped classrooms in higher education: A scoping review Jacqueline O'Flaherty, Craig Phillips · The Internet and Higher Education 16 Feb 2015 2,156
36 Teacher beliefs and technology integration practices: A critical relationship Peggy A. Ertmer, Anne Todd Ottenbreit-Leftwich, Olgun Sadık et al. · Computers & Education Open access 13 Feb 2012 2,109
37 First principles of instruction Margaret Merrill · Educational Technology Research and Development Sep 2002 2,091
38 Restructuring the Classroom: Conditions for Productive Small Groups Élizabeth G. Cohen · Review of Educational Research Mar 1994 2,075
39 e-Learning, online learning, and distance learning environments: Are they the same? Joi L. Moore, Camille Dickson-Deane, Krista Galyen · The Internet and Higher Education 4 Nov 2010 2,057
40 Integrating technology into K-12 teaching and learning: current knowledge gaps and recommendations for future research Khe Foon Hew, Thomas A. Brush · Educational Technology Research and Development 4 Dec 2006 2,033
41 A Framework for Task-Based Learning Fangyuan Yuan, Jane R. Willis · TESOL Quarterly 1999 1,990
42 Personal Learning Environments, social media, and self-regulated learning: A natural formula for connecting formal and informal learning Nada H. Dabbagh, Anastasia Kitsantas · The Internet and Higher Education 28 Jun 2011 1,971
43 The Handbook of Research on Teaching David G. Ryans, N. L. Gage · Journal of Teacher Education Mar 1962 1,968
44 Online learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Students perspectives Muhammad Abdullah Adnan · Journal of Pedagogical Sociology and Psychology Open access 22 Jun 2020 1,937
45 Development of a Structured Interview for Assessing Student Use of Self-Regulated Learning Strategies Barry J. Zimmerman, Manuel Martínez Pons · American Educational Research Journal 1986 1,927
46 Media will never influence learning Richard E. Clark · Educational Technology Research and Development Jun 1994 1,887
47 ASSESSING TEACHING PRESENCE IN A COMPUTER CONFERENCING CONTEXT Terry D. Anderson, Liam Rourke, D. Randy Garrison et al. · Online Learning Open access Jun 2001 1,880
48 Motivation and cognitive load in the flipped classroom: definition, rationale and a call for research Lakmal Abeysekera, Phillip Dawson · Higher Education Research & Development Open access 14 Aug 2014 1,860
49 How video production affects student engagement Philip J. Guo, Juho Kim, Rob Rubin Conference paper 25 Feb 2014 1,840
50 What are the learning affordances of 3‐D virtual environments? Barney Dalgarno, Mark J.W. Lee · British Journal of Educational Technology Open access 20 Dec 2009 1,830

Citations are OpenAlex's own counts, from its 2026-09-23 snapshot, so the ranking can differ from Google Scholar or Web of Science. A paper is listed for a field when OpenAlex files it under one of the field's topics; retracted papers and papers whose citation count cannot be traced to citing works are left out, and a preprint and the article it became are shown once. Release dates are OpenAlex's: where a source gave only a month or a year, that is what is shown. How the lists are chosen.