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Most cited papers in Psychedelics and Drug Studies

What are the most cited papers in Psychedelics and Drug Studies?

The most cited paper in Psychedelics and Drug Studies is "The Self-Medication Hypothesis of Substance Use Disorders: A Reconsideration and Recent Applications" (Edward J. Khantzian, 1997), with 3,223 citations. Next come "Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized double-blind trial" (2,248) and "Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review" (2,240).

Showing 50 of 100 papers. Every paper with more than 586 citations is listed.

Most cited papers, sortable by citations and release date
#Paper
1 The Self-Medication Hypothesis of Substance Use Disorders: A Reconsideration and Recent Applications Edward J. Khantzian · Harvard Review of Psychiatry 1997 3,223
2 Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized double-blind trial Roland R. Griffiths, Matthew W. Johnson, Michael Anthony Carducci et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology Open access 30 Nov 2016 2,248
3 Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review Theresa HM Moore, Stanley Zammit, Anne R. Lingford-Hughes et al. · The Lancet Review Jul 2007 2,240
4 Psychedelics David E. Nichols · Pharmacological Reviews Open access 3 Feb 2016 1,806
5 Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial STEPHEN D. ROSS, Anthony P. Bossis, Jeffrey R. Guss et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology Open access 30 Nov 2016 1,748
6 Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance Roland R. Griffiths, William A. Richards, U. McCann et al. · Psychopharmacology 7 Jul 2006 1,716
7 The reinstatement model of drug relapse: history, methodology and major findings Yavin Shaham, Uri Shalev, Lin Lü et al. · Psychopharmacology 26 Oct 2002 1,644
8 Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study Robin Lester Carhart-Harris, Mark Bolstridge, James Rucker et al. · The Lancet Psychiatry Open access 17 May 2016 1,581
9 Synthesis of Serotonin by a Second Tryptophan Hydroxylase Isoform Diego J. Walther, Jens‐Uwe Peter, Saleh Bashammakh et al. · Science 2 Jan 2003 1,578
10 Incentive‐sensitization and addiction Terry E. Robinson, Kent C. Berridge · Addiction Open access 2001 1,444
11 Trial of Psilocybin versus Escitalopram for Depression Robin Lester Carhart-Harris, Bruna Giribaldi, Rosalind Watts et al. · New England Journal of Medicine 14 Apr 2021 1,425
12 Multiple Serotonin Receptors: Differential Binding of [3H]5-Hydroxytryptamine, [3H]Lysergic Acid Diethylamide and [3H]Spiroperidol Stephen J. Peroutka, Solomon H. Snyder · Molecular Pharmacology Nov 1979 1,361
13 A Comparison of Nefazodone, the Cognitive Behavioral-Analysis System of Psychotherapy, and Their Combination for the Treatment of Chronic Depression Martin B Keller et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 18 May 2000 1,345
14 Cross-national prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder John Fayyad, Ron De Graaf, Ronald C. Kessler et al. · The British Journal of Psychiatry Open access 30 Apr 2007 1,330
15 The entropic brain: a theory of conscious states informed by neuroimaging research with psychedelic drugs Robin Lester Carhart-Harris, Robert Leech, Peter John Hellyer et al. · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience Open access 2014 1,325
16 Effects of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder Alan K. Davis, Frederick Streeter Barrett, Darrick G. May et al. · JAMA Psychiatry Open access 4 Nov 2020 1,319
17 The Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “Ecstasy”) A. Richard Green, Annis O. Mechan, J. Martin Elliott et al. · Pharmacological Reviews 14 Aug 2003 1,280
18 Pilot Study of Psilocybin Treatment for Anxiety in Patients With Advanced-Stage Cancer Charles S. Grob, Alicia L. Danforth, Gurpreet S Chopra et al. · Archives of General Psychiatry 6 Sep 2010 1,236
19 REBUS and the Anarchic Brain: Toward a Unified Model of the Brain Action of Psychedelics Robin Lester Carhart-Harris, Karl John Friston · Pharmacological Reviews Open access 20 Jun 2019 1,233
20 Mechanisms of neurotransmitter release by amphetamines: A review David L. Sulzer, Mark S. Sonders, Nathan W. Poulsen et al. · Progress in Neurobiology Apr 2005 1,224
21 Human hallucinogen research: guidelines for safety MW Johnson, WA Richards, R. R. Griffiths · Journal of Psychopharmacology Open access 30 May 2008 1,223
22 Neural correlates of the psychedelic state as determined by fMRI studies with psilocybin Robin Lester Carhart-Harris, David Erritzøe, Tom A. Williams et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Open access 23 Jan 2012 1,218
23 Psychedelics Promote Structural and Functional Neural Plasticity Calvin Ly, Alexandra C. Greb, Lindsay P. Cameron et al. · Cell Reports Open access Jun 2018 1,215
24 Hallucinogens David E. Nichols · Pharmacology & Therapeutics 30 Jan 2004 1,200
25 Psilocybin-assisted treatment for alcohol dependence: A proof-of-concept study Michael P. Bogenschutz, Alyssa A. Forcehimes, Jessica A. Pommy et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology 13 Jan 2015 1,181
26 Single-Dose Psilocybin for a Treatment-Resistant Episode of Major Depression Guy M. Goodwin et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 2 Nov 2022 1,168
27 Becoming a Marihuana User Howard S. Becker · American Journal of Sociology Nov 1953 1,166
28 Human Cannabinoid Pharmacokinetics Marilyn Ann Huestis · Chemistry & Biodiversity Open access Aug 2007 1,101
29 Cognitive Enhancers as Adjuncts to Psychotherapy Kerry James Ressler, BARBARA OLASOV ROTHBAUM, Libby Tannenbaum et al. · Archives of General Psychiatry Nov 2004 1,070
30 Psilocybin induces schizophrenia-like psychosis in humans via a serotonin-2 agonist action Franz X. Vollenweider, M. F. I. Vollenweider-Scherpenhuyzen, Andreas Bäbler et al. · Neuroreport Dec 1998 1,042
31 Changes in Cannabis Potency Over the Last 2 Decades (1995–2014): Analysis of Current Data in the United States Mahmoud A. ElSohly, Zlatko Mehmedic, Susan D. Foster et al. · Biological Psychiatry Open access 19 Jan 2016 1,014
32 MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study Jennifer Mitchell et al. · Nature Medicine Open access 10 May 2021 1,000
33 Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: six-month follow-up Robin Lester Carhart-Harris, Mark Bolstridge, Camilla Day et al. · Psychopharmacology Open access 8 Nov 2017 994
34 An improved brief measure of cannabis misuse: The Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test-Revised (CUDIT-R)☆ Simon Justin Adamson, FRANCES J. KAY‐LAMBKIN, Amanda Baker et al. · Drug and Alcohol Dependence 27 Mar 2010 981
35 Cocaine and Other Stimulants Frank H. Gawin, Everett H. Ellinwood · New England Journal of Medicine 5 May 1988 976
36 Psilocybin occasioned mystical-type experiences: immediate and persisting dose-related effects Roland R. Griffiths, Matthew W. Johnson, William A. Richards et al. · Psychopharmacology Open access 14 Jun 2011 962
37 Pharmacology and effects of cannabis: A brief review C. Heather Ashton · The British Journal of Psychiatry Open access Feb 2001 944
38 Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin Richard B. Rothman, Michael H. Baumann, Christina M. Dersch et al. · Synapse Open access 2000 939
39 Hallucinogens Recruit Specific Cortical 5-HT2A Receptor-Mediated Signaling Pathways to Affect Behavior Javier González‐Maeso, Noelia Weisstaub, Ming‐Ming Zhou et al. · Neuron Open access Feb 2007 937
40 Pilot study of the 5-HT 2A R agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction Matthew W. Johnson, Albert Garcia‐Romeu, Mary P Cosimano et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology Open access 11 Sep 2014 931
41 Amphetamines and related compounds Edward F. Domino · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology Open access Jun 1971 929
42 Mystical experiences occasioned by the hallucinogen psilocybin lead to increases in the personality domain of openness Katherine A. MacLean, Matthew W. Johnson, Roland R. Griffiths · Journal of Psychopharmacology Open access 28 Sep 2011 924
43 Causal association between cannabis and psychosis: examination of the evidence Louise Arseneault, Mary D Cannon, John Witton et al. · The British Journal of Psychiatry Open access 30 Jan 2004 921
44 Mystical-type experiences occasioned by psilocybin mediate the attribution of personal meaning and spiritual significance 14 months later R. R. Griffiths, WA Richards, MW Johnson et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacology Open access 30 May 2008 915
45 Beta-caryophyllene is a dietary cannabinoid Jürg Gertsch, Marco Leonti, Stefan Raduner et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Open access 23 Jun 2008 906
46 Neural correlates of the LSD experience revealed by multimodal neuroimaging Robin Lester Carhart-Harris et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Open access 11 Apr 2016 902
47 Efficacy and Safety of Flexibly Dosed Esketamine Nasal Spray Combined With a Newly Initiated Oral Antidepressant in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized Double-Blind Active-Controlled Study Vanina Popova, Ella Daly, Madhukar H. Trivedi et al. · American Journal of Psychiatry Open access 21 May 2019 900
48 Non‐medical use of prescription stimulants among US college students: prevalence and correlates from a national survey Sean Esteban McCabe, John Rogers Knight, Christian J. Teter et al. · Addiction Open access 10 Dec 2004 888
49 Self reported cannabis use as a risk factor for schizophrenia in Swedish conscripts of 1969: historical cohort study Stanley Zammit, Peter Allebeck, Sven Andreasson et al. · BMJ Open access 21 Nov 2002 877
50 Rapid antidepressant effects of the psychedelic ayahuasca in treatment-resistant depression: a randomized placebo-controlled trial Fernanda Palhano-Fontes et al. · Psychological Medicine Open access 15 Jun 2018 849

Citations are OpenAlex's own counts, from its 2026-09-23 snapshot, so the ranking can differ from Google Scholar or Web of Science. A paper is listed for a field when OpenAlex files it under one of the field's topics; retracted papers and papers whose citation count cannot be traced to citing works are left out, and a preprint and the article it became are shown once. Release dates are OpenAlex's: where a source gave only a month or a year, that is what is shown. How the lists are chosen.