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Most cited papers in Torture, Ethics, and Law

What are the most cited papers in Torture, Ethics, and Law?

The most cited paper in Torture, Ethics, and Law is "Moral injury and moral repair in war veterans: A preliminary model and intervention strategy" (Brett T. Litz, Nathan R. Stein, Eileen M. Delaney et al., 2009), with 2,712 citations. Next come "Imaginary Relish and Exquisite Torture: The Elaborated Intrusion Theory of Desire." (958) and "The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide, by Robert Jay Lifton" (798).

Showing 50 of 100 papers. Every paper with more than 158 citations is listed.

Most cited papers, sortable by citations and release date
#Paper
1 Moral injury and moral repair in war veterans: A preliminary model and intervention strategy Brett T. Litz, Nathan R. Stein, Eileen M. Delaney et al. · Clinical Psychology Review 30 Jul 2009 2,712
2 Imaginary Relish and Exquisite Torture: The Elaborated Intrusion Theory of Desire. David John Kavanagh, Jackie Andrade, Jon May · Psychological Review Open access 22 Mar 2005 958
3 The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide, by Robert Jay Lifton Leo Kuper · Political Science Quarterly 1987 798
4 Moral Injury: An Integrative Review Brandon J. Griffin, Natalie Purcell, Kristine M. Burkman et al. · Journal of Traumatic Stress 28 Jan 2019 753
5 Culture of Terror—Space of Death. Roger Casement's Putumayo Report and the Explanation of Torture Michael Taussig · Comparative Studies in Society and History Jul 1984 678
6 Fifty Years Later: The Significance of the Nuremberg Code Evelyne Shuster · New England Journal of Medicine 13 Nov 1997 673
7 Doctors, Borders, and Life in Crisis Peter Redfield · Cultural Anthropology Open access 5 Jul 2005 536
8 A National Survey of Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in the United States Diane E. Meier, Carol‐Ann Emmons, Sylvan R. Wallenstein et al. · New England Journal of Medicine 23 Apr 1998 495
9 Authoritarianism, Threat, and Americans’ Support for the War on Terror Marc J. Hetherington, Elizabeth Suhay · American Journal of Political Science Open access 27 Apr 2011 491
10 An exploration of the viability and usefulness of the construct of moral injury in war veterans. Kent D. Drescher, David W. Foy, Caroline M. Kelly et al. · Traumatology An International Journal Mar 2011 489
11 Psychological sequelae of torture and organised violence suffered by refugees from Iraq Caroline Gorst‐Unsworth, EVA GOLDENBERG · The British Journal of Psychiatry 1998 475
12 The Curious Eclipse of Prison Ethnography in the Age of Mass Incarceration Loic J. D. Wacquant · Ethnography Dec 2002 474
13 Sentencing under the Federal Sentencing Guidelines: Effects of Defendant Characteristics, Guilty Pleas, and Departures on Sentence Outcomes for Drug Offenses, 1991–1992 Celesta A. Albonetti · Law & Society Review 1997 464
14 Informed consent in human experimentation before the Nuremberg code Jochen Vollmann, Rolf Winau · BMJ Open access 7 Dec 1996 452
15 Moral injury in healthcare professionals: A scoping review and discussion Anto Čartolovni, Minna Stolt, P. Anne Scott et al. · Nursing Ethics Open access 11 Jan 2021 422
16 Inside the Interrogation Room Richard A. Leo · The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-) 1996 420
17 Crimes of Obedience: Toward a Social Psychology of Authority and Responsibility Michael Kenneth Isenman, Herbert C. Kelman, V. Lee Hamilton · Michigan Law Review May 1990 417
18 Proportionality in the Morality of War Thomas Hurka · Philosophy &amp Public Affairs Open access 16 Dec 2004 405
19 When 'Do No Harm' Is Not Enough: The Ethics of Research with Refugees and Other Vulnerable Groups Richard Hugman, Eileen Pittaway, Luigi Bartolomei · The British Journal of Social Work Mar 2011 389
20 After Snowden: Rethinking the Impact of Surveillance Zygmunt Bauman, Didier Bigo, Paulo Luiz Moreaux Lavigne Esteves et al. · International Political Sociology 29 May 2014 382
21 Killing the Innocent in Self‐Defense Michael Otsuka · Philosophy &amp Public Affairs 1994 366
22 Where asylum-seekers wait: feminist counter-topographies of sites between states Alison Mountz · Gender Place & Culture 19 May 2011 354
23 Saving PTSD from itself in DSM-V Robert L. Spitzer, Michael B. First, Jerome C. Wakefield · Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2 Dec 2006 354
24 The black flag: guantánamo bay and the space of exception Derek Gregory · Geografiska Annaler Series B Human Geography Dec 2006 352
25 The right to lie: Kant on dealing with evil Christine M. Korsgaard · Cambridge University Press eBooks Book chapterOpen access 28 Jul 1996 340
26 Does Gender Modify the Effects of Race–ethnicity on Criminal Sanctioning? Sentences for Male and Female White, Black, and Hispanic Defendants Darrell J. Steffensmeier, Stephen Demuth · Journal of Quantitative Criminology 6 Jul 2006 322
27 Consensus statement on posttraumatic stress disorder from the International Consensus Group on Depression and Anxiety. J.C. Ballenger, J R Davidson, Yves Lecrubier et al. · PubMed 2000 317
28 Consent’s Revenge Audra Simpson · Cultural Anthropology Open access 9 Aug 2016 316
29 A Review of Research on Moral Injury in Combat Veterans Sheila B. Frankfurt, Patricia A. Frazier · Military Psychology 24 May 2016 306
30 Child victims, child witnesses: Understanding and improving testimony Warren Amye R. · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology Jul 1994 293
31 MEDICINE, TORTURE, AND THE UNITED NATIONS Zbigniew Bankowski · The Lancet 1982 288
32 Initial Psychometric Evaluation of the Moral Injury Questionnaire—Military Version Joseph M. Currier, Jason M. Holland, Kent D. Drescher et al. · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy Open access 10 Sep 2013 288
33 Truth-Telling as Talking Cure? Insecurity and Retraumatization in the Rwandan Gacaca Courts Karen Brounéus · Security Dialogue 10 Jan 2008 282
34 Making Whole What Has Been Smashed: On Reparations Politics Stanley Cohen · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews Nov 2006 273
35 Posttraumatic Shame and Guilt John P. Wilson, Boris Drožđek, Silvana Turkovic · Trauma Violence & Abuse 13 Mar 2006 273
36 Targeted Killing of Suspected Terrorists: Extra-Judicial Executions or Legitimate Means of Defence? David Kretzmer · European Journal of International Law Open access Apr 2005 272
37 The Vengeance Scale: Development of a measure of attitudes toward revenge. Noreen Stuckless, Richard E. Goranson · Journal of social behavior and personality 1992 269
38 Somali and Oromo Refugees: Correlates of Torture and Trauma History James M. Jaranson, James Neal Butcher, Linda L. Halcón et al. · American Journal of Public Health Open access Apr 2004 268
39 The Nuremberg Code and the Nuremberg Trial Jay Katz · JAMA 27 Nov 1996 268
40 The Case for Ethical Autonomy in Unmanned Systems Ronald C. Arkin · Journal of Military Ethics Open access Dec 2010 260
41 Human Rights and Crimes of The State: The Culture of Denial Stanley Cohen · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology Dec 1993 259
42 Moral Predators: The Duty to Employ Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles Bradley Jay Strawser · Journal of Military Ethics Dec 2010 257
43 Becoming Sinners: Christianity and Moral Torment in a Papua New Guinea Society Jerry K. Jacka · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews Sep 2005 256
44 International criminal law William A. Schabas · Cambridge University Press eBooks Book chapter 5 Sep 2002 252
45 When the Patient Reports Atrocities Sarah A. Haley · Archives of General Psychiatry Feb 1974 251
46 Psychological preparedness for trauma as a protective factor in survivors of torture Mahmut Başoğlu, Susan Mineka, Murat Paker et al. · Psychological Medicine Nov 1997 251
47 Wrongful Life and the Counterfactual Element in Harming Joël Feinberg · Social Philosophy and Policy 1986 249
48 Responsibility as Answerability Angela Moriah Smith · Inquiry 20 Jan 2015 243
49 The Role of Moral Disengagement in the Execution Process. Michael J. Osofsky, Albert Bandura, Philip G. Zimbardo · Law and Human Behavior Aug 2005 241
50 Victimology in transitional justice: Victimhood, innocence and hierarchy Kieran McEvoy, Kirsten McConnachie · European Journal of Criminology Sep 2012 236

Citations are OpenAlex's own counts, from its 2026-09-23 snapshot, so the ranking can differ from Google Scholar or Web of Science. A paper is listed for a field when OpenAlex files it under one of the field's topics; retracted papers and papers whose citation count cannot be traced to citing works are left out, and a preprint and the article it became are shown once. Release dates are OpenAlex's: where a source gave only a month or a year, that is what is shown. How the lists are chosen.