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Liechtenstein vs Papua New Guinea

On research quality in 2022-now, Papua New Guinea ranks #125 in the world and Liechtenstein #127, of 189 countries.

Research profiles alike: 0.07different shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Liechtenstein

World rank, 2022-now
#127
#105 all time
Works, 2022-now
572
fractional
Top-10% rate
9.2%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
31%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Architecture, Ceramics and Composites, Finance.

Papua New Guinea

World rank, 2022-now
#125
#125 all time
Works, 2022-now
764
fractional
Top-10% rate
7.2%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
35%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Horticulture, Agronomy and Crop Science, Theoretical Computer Science.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Liechtenstein leads on 4 of 9 measures: citation excellence for its fields, top-10% rate, citations per work and international co-authorship. Papua New Guinea leads on 4 of 9 measures: research quality, output, open access and growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Liechtenstein 41 level4 Papua New Guinea
  1. #127Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#125
  2. 0.90×Citation excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.85×
  3. 572Outputfractional works, 2022-now764
  4. 9.2%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited7.2%
  5. 19.3Citations per workall time, per fractional work14.9
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 31%Open accessof its works free to read, all time35%
  8. 42%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time38%
  9. +34%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+48%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, citation excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Liechtenstein

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Cardiovascular Disease32▲ 4.4×26 topics
  2. Machine Learning30▲ 1.40×37 topics
  3. Sustainability30▲ 1.91×35 topics
  4. Inflammation23▲ 1.71×47 topics
  5. Sustainable Development22▲ 2.2×23 topics
  6. Artificial Intelligence21▲ 2.3×27 topics
  7. Big Data20▲ 3.4×12 topics
  8. Atherosclerosis19▲ 10×10 topics
  9. Obesity19▲ 3.8×9 topics
  10. Supply Chain Management17▲ 3.0×13 topics
  11. Clinical Trials17▲ 4.0×7 topics
  12. Human Rights16▲ 2.4×21 topics
  13. Innovation16▲ 2.4×23 topics
  14. Statins16▲ 34×2 topics
  15. Risk Management15▲ 5.0×12 topics
  16. Cardiovascular Disease Prevention15▲ 26×3 topics
  17. Metabolic Syndrome14▲ 2.8×15 topics
  18. Corporate Governance14▲ 3.1×18 topics
  19. Social Capital14▲ 4.2×11 topics
  20. C-Reactive Protein13▲ 27×2 topics
  21. Genetic Variants13▲ 11×3 topics
  22. Cholesterol-lowering12▲ 42×1 topic
  23. LDL Cholesterol12▲ 57×1 topic
  24. Coronary Artery Disease12▲ 16×3 topics
  25. Digital Transformation12▲ 3.5×8 topics
  26. Insulin Resistance11▲ 4.0×7 topics
  27. Urban Development11▲ 4.9×6 topics
  28. Innovation Policy11▲ 18×5 topics
  29. Social Innovation11▲ 11×4 topics
  30. Empowerment10▲ 15×2 topics
  31. Monetary Policy10▲ 6.3×10 topics
  32. Interdisciplinary Research9▲ 16×2 topics
  33. Vascular Function9▲ 14×3 topics
  34. Endothelial Function9▲ 16×2 topics
  35. Digital Social Innovation9▲ 112×1 topic
  36. Epicardial Fat9▲ 32×1 topic
  37. Knowledge Engineering9▲ 112×1 topic
  38. Perivascular Adipose Tissue9▲ 32×1 topic
  39. Cholesterol9▲ 9.7×4 topics
  40. Construction9▲ 10×3 topics

Papua New Guinea

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Climate Change63▲ 2.6×71 topics
  2. Sustainability62▲ 2.8×52 topics
  3. Environmental Impact50▲ 3.2×43 topics
  4. Genetic Diversity45▲ 11×19 topics
  5. Epidemiology42▲ 1.16×77 topics
  6. Machine Learning41▲ 1.35×61 topics
  7. Globalization36▲ 2.0×34 topics
  8. Vulnerability22▲ 10×7 topics
  9. Biodiversity22▲ 3.1×24 topics
  10. Sustainable Agriculture20▲ 7.2×13 topics
  11. Supply Chain Management20▲ 2.4×14 topics
  12. Economic Development19▲ 2.6×16 topics
  13. Genetics19▲ 3.0×18 topics
  14. Agriculture19▲ 5.4×10 topics
  15. Breeding18▲ 27×5 topics
  16. Drought Tolerance18▲ 15×8 topics
  17. Food Security17▲ 3.5×20 topics
  18. Nutritional Quality16▲ 25×4 topics
  19. Governance15▲ 5.2×8 topics
  20. Ethical Considerations15▲ 4.8×11 topics
  21. Decolonization15▲ 20×5 topics
  22. Smallholder Farmers14▲ 7.4×6 topics
  23. Archaeology13▲ 11×2 topics
  24. Maternal Mortality13▲ 6.4×5 topics
  25. Pest Management13▲ 17×5 topics
  26. Island Ecosystems13▲ 44×2 topics
  27. Cultural History13▲ 12×2 topics
  28. Community Health Workers12▲ 16×2 topics
  29. Health Inequalities12▲ 11×3 topics
  30. Pacific Islands12▲ 113×1 topic
  31. settlement12▲ 113×1 topic
  32. Climate Resilience12▲ 22×3 topics
  33. Marker Development12▲ 28×3 topics
  34. Pacific12▲ 70×2 topics
  35. Socio-economic Factors12▲ 12×2 topics
  36. Islands12▲ 117×1 topic
  37. Small States12▲ 117×1 topic
  38. Essential Oils12▲ 12×3 topics
  39. Child Mortality12▲ 18×1 topic
  40. Health Systems12▲ 18×1 topic

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Papua New Guinea has out-published Liechtenstein every year since 2019, when it overtook it.

still counting100200300Papua New Guinea259 in 2025Liechtenstein165 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.010%0.020%0.030%Papua New Guinea0.0044% in 2025Liechtenstein0.0028% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting10%20%30%Liechtenstein7.9% in 2025Papua New Guinea6.9% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Liechtenstein 05 level0 Papua New Guinea
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Liechtenstein or Papua New Guinea?

Papua New Guinea publishes 1.3× as much research as Liechtenstein in 2022-now (764 against 572 fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Liechtenstein or Papua New Guinea?

9.2% of Liechtenstein's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 7.2% for Papua New Guinea.

Is Liechtenstein or Papua New Guinea growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +48% against 2018-21 for Papua New Guinea, and +34% for Liechtenstein.

Which has more open access research, Liechtenstein or Papua New Guinea?

35% of Papua New Guinea's research is free to read, against 31% of Liechtenstein's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Liechtenstein or Papua New Guinea?

Liechtenstein holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Papua New Guinea 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Liechtenstein

  1. 1University of Liechtenstein14.1% top 10% · 207 works
  2. 2Hilti (Liechtenstein)7.5% top 10% · 128 works
  3. 3Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein3.8% top 10% · 154 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Liechtenstein

  1. 1 Siegward D. Heintze #83,267 worldwide 7.5k citations · 83 works
  2. 2 Jan vom Brocke #87,905 worldwide 18k citations · 470 works
  3. 3 Matthias Filser #104,999 worldwide 3.4k citations · 52 works
  4. 4 Giovanni Apruzzese #220,379 worldwide 1.7k citations · 80 works
  5. 5 Wolfram Höland #343,000 worldwide 5.6k citations · 116 works

Papua New Guinea

  1. 1 Leanne J. Robinson #111,710 worldwide 7.4k citations · 206 works
  2. 2 Livingstone Tavul #186,317 worldwide 3k citations · 52 works
  3. 3 Enmoore Lin #330,527 worldwide 4.6k citations · 77 works
  4. 4 Peter Siba #342,115 worldwide 8.8k citations · 200 works
  5. 5 Michael P. Alpers #352,550 worldwide 16k citations · 278 works