Domain · Physical Sciences
Most cited papers in Physical Sciences
What are the most cited papers in Physical Sciences?
The most cited paper in Physical Sciences is "Cleavage of Structural Proteins during the Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4" (Ulrich K. Laemmli, 1970), with 252,153 citations. Next come "Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition" (229,585) and "Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple" (217,166).
Showing 50 of 96 papers. Every paper with more than 32,957 citations is listed.
| # | Paper | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cleavage of Structural Proteins during the Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4 Ulrich K. Laemmli · Nature | Aug 1970 | 252,153 |
| 2 | Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition Kaiming He, Xiangyu Zhang, Shaoqing Ren et al. | Jun 2016 | 229,585 |
| 3 | Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple John P. Perdew, Kieron Burke, Matthias Ernzerhof · Physical Review Letters | 28 Oct 1996 | 217,166 |
| 4 | Random Forests Leo Breiman · Machine Learning | Oct 2001 | 132,956 |
| 5 | Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set Georg Kresse, Jürgen Furthmüller · Physical review. B, Condensed matter | 15 Oct 1996 | 123,939 |
| 6 | Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing Yoav Benjamini, Yosef Hochberg · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology) | 1995 | 112,351 |
| 7 | Density-functional thermochemistry. III. The role of exact exchange Axel D. Becke · The Journal of Chemical Physics | Apr 1993 | 104,174 |
| 8 | Long Short-Term Memory Sepp Hochreiter, Jürgen Schmidhuber · Neural Computation | Nov 1997 | 102,418 |
| 9 | Development of the Colle-Salvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of the electron density Chengteh Lee, Weitao Yang, Robert G. Parr · Physical review. B, Condensed matter | 15 Jan 1988 | 101,337 |
| 10 | Projector augmented-wave method Peter E. Blöchl · Physical review. B, Condensed matter | 15 Dec 1994 | 93,392 |
| 11 | U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation Olaf Ronneberger, Philipp F. Fischer, Thomas Brox · Lecture notes in computer science | 2015 | 92,751 |
| 12 | Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4 Douglas M. Bates, Martin Mächler, Benjamin M. Bolker et al. · Journal of Statistical Software | 2015 | 89,183 |
| 13 | A short history of SHELX George M. Sheldrick · Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography | 21 Dec 2007 | 87,903 |
| 14 | From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method Georg Kresse, Daniel P. Joubert · Physical review. B, Condensed matter | 15 Jan 1999 | 85,965 |
| 15 | Deep learning Yann LeCun, Yoshua Bengio, Geoffrey E. Hinton · Nature | 26 May 2015 | 84,939 |
| 16 | Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization Diederik P. Kingma, Jimmy Lei Ba · arXiv (Cornell University) | 22 Dec 2014 | 84,625 |
| 17 | Exploiting Generative AI to Scale up Intelligent Tutoring Systems Jakubův, Jan, Chvalovský, Karel, Goertzel, Zarathustra et al. · DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz Center for Informatics) | 2023 | 79,061 |
| 18 | Efficiency of ab-initio total energy calculations for metals and semiconductors using a plane-wave basis set Georg Kresse, Jürgen Furthmüller · Computational Materials Science | Jul 1996 | 76,620 |
| 19 | ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks Alex Krizhevsky, Ilya Sutskever, Geoffrey E. Hinton · Communications of the ACM | 24 May 2017 | 75,634 |
| 20 | Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition Karen Simonyan, Andrew Zisserman · arXiv (Cornell University) | 4 Sep 2014 | 75,434 |
| 21 | Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs Stephen F. Altschul · Nucleic Acids Research | Sep 1997 | 75,032 |
| 22 | Special points for Brillouin-zone integrations Hendrik J. Monkhorst, J.D. Pack · Physical review. B, Solid state | 15 Jun 1976 | 71,952 |
| 23 | Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error Claes Fornell, David F. Larcker · Journal of Marketing Research | Feb 1981 | 71,613 |
| 24 | DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors Frederick Sanger, S. Nicklen, Alan R. Coulson · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | Dec 1977 | 69,512 |
| 25 | The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools Heng Li, Bob Handsaker, Alec Wysoker et al. · Bioinformatics | 8 Jun 2009 | 69,061 |
| 26 | VMD: Visual molecular dynamics William F Humphrey Jr, Andrew Dalke, Klaus J. Schulten · Journal of Molecular Graphics | Feb 1996 | 68,537 |
| 27 | NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis Caroline A Schneider, Wayne S. Rasband, Kevin W. Eliceiri · Nature Methods | 28 Jun 2012 | 67,169 |
| 28 | Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films Kostya S. Novoselov, Andre K. Geim, С. В. Морозов et al. · Science | 21 Oct 2004 | 66,991 |
| 29 | Self-Consistent Equations Including Exchange and Correlation Effects Walter Kohn, L. J. Sham · Physical Review | 15 Nov 1965 | 64,427 |
| 30 | Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python Fabián Pedregosa, Gaël Varoquaux, Alexandre Gramfort et al. · ORBi (University of Liège) | 2 Jan 2012 | 64,016 |
| 31 | Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows–Wheeler transform Heng Li, Richard M. Durbin · Bioinformatics | 18 May 2009 | 63,989 |
| 32 | ImageNet: A large-scale hierarchical image database Jia Hao Deng, Wei Dong, Richard Socher et al. · 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition | Jun 2009 | 63,518 |
| 33 | Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2 Ben Langmead, Steven L. Salzberg · Nature Methods | 4 Mar 2012 | 62,825 |
| 34 | The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Naruya Saitou, M Nei · Molecular Biology and Evolution | Jul 1987 | 60,643 |
| 35 | Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition Yann LeCun, Léon Bottou, Yoshua Bengio et al. · Proceedings of the IEEE | 1998 | 59,921 |
| 36 | A consistent and accurate ab initio parametrization of density functional dispersion correction (DFT-D) for the 94 elements H-Pu Stefan Grimme, Jens Antony, Stephan Ehrlich et al. · The Journal of Chemical Physics | 16 Apr 2010 | 59,482 |
| 37 | Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity Zhou Wang, Alan Conrad Bovik, Hamid R. Sheikh et al. · IEEE Transactions on Image Processing | Apr 2004 | 58,409 |
| 38 | Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test Matthias Egger, George Davey Smith, Martin Schneider et al. · BMJ | 13 Sep 1997 | 57,774 |
| 39 | Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints David G. Lowe · International Journal of Computer Vision | 2 Jun 2004 | 56,041 |
| 40 | Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networks Shaoqing Ren, Kaiming He, Ross Girshick et al. · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence | 6 Jun 2016 | 55,999 |
| 41 | Density-functional exchange-energy approximation with correct asymptotic behavior Axel D. Becke · Physical Review A | Sep 1988 | 54,107 |
| 42 | XGBoost Tianqi Chen, Carlos Guestrin | 8 Aug 2016 | 53,418 |
| 43 | Research electronic data capture (REDCap)—A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support Paul A. Harris, ROBERT J. TAYLOR, Robert J. Thielke et al. · Journal of Biomedical Informatics | Oct 2008 | 53,362 |
| 44 | Regression Shrinkage and Selection Via the Lasso Robert John Tibshirani · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology) | 1996 | 53,131 |
| 45 | A new look at the statistical model identification Hirotugu Akaike · IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control | Dec 1974 | 51,685 |
| 46 | Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization Mandi, Jayanta, Canoy, Rocsildes, Bucarey, Víctor et al. · DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz Center for Informatics) | May 2015 | 50,327 |
| 47 | Maximum Likelihood from Incomplete Data Via the EM Algorithm A. P. Dempster, N. M. Laird, Donald B. Rubin · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology) | Sep 1977 | 50,034 |
| 48 | A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II Kalyanmoy Deb, Amrit Pratap, Sakshi Agarwal et al. · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation | Apr 2002 | 49,664 |
| 49 | UCSF Chimera—A visualization system for exploratory research and analysis Eric F. Pettersen, Thomas D. Goddard, Conrad C. Huang et al. · Journal of Computational Chemistry | Jul 2004 | 48,801 |
| 50 | Particle swarm optimization James C. Kennedy, R.C. Eberhart | 19 Nov 2002 | 48,693 |
Citations are OpenAlex's own counts, from its 2026-09-23 snapshot, so the ranking can differ from Google Scholar or Web of Science. A paper is listed for a field when OpenAlex files it under one of the field's topics; retracted papers and papers whose citation count cannot be traced to citing works are left out, and a preprint and the article it became are shown once. Release dates are OpenAlex's: where a source gave only a month or a year, that is what is shown. How the lists are chosen.