Domain · Physical Sciences
Top Countries in Physical Sciences Research
China ranks first in 2022–2025, out of 157 ranked countries.
Composite score: field-normalised excellence, output and total citations weighted 50 / 30 / 20, each as a percentile so no single heavy-tailed measure dominates. Floor: 100 fractional works in this field.
Ranked by research quality, 2022–2025
| # | Country | Score | Top-10% rate | Works | Citations | All time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 100.0 | 20.7% | 2.4M | 23.7M | #2 |
| 2 | United States | 86.3 | 16.9% | 893k | 6.5M | #1 |
| 3 | India | 78.3 | 13.9% | 682k | 3.9M | #9 |
| 4 | Germany | 72.6 | 16.7% | 270k | 1.8M | #3 |
| 5 | United Kingdom | 68.2 | 21.5% | 212k | 1.9M | #4 |
| 6 | France | 64.6 | 14.5% | 197k | 1.2M | #5 |
| 7 | Italy | 61.5 | 20.1% | 176k | 1.3M | #8 |
| 8 | Australia | 58.9 | 25.5% | 106k | 1.2M | #11 |
| 9 | South Korea | 56.5 | 18.0% | 171k | 1.5M | #14 |
| 10 | Japan | 54.5 | 9.7% | 235k | 1.1M | #6 |
| 11 | Canada | 52.6 | 19.1% | 132k | 1.1M | #7 |
| 12 | Saudi Arabia | 50.9 | 25.5% | 73k | 834k | #29 |
| 13 | Spain | 49.3 | 18.4% | 128k | 946k | #13 |
| 14 | Switzerland | 47.8 | 23.2% | 46k | 440k | #10 |
| 15 | Hong Kong | 46.4 | 31.7% | 42k | 605k | #24 |
| 16 | Iran | 45.2 | 17.5% | 114k | 1M | #19 |
| 17 | ?? | 44.0 | 15.5% | 93k | 678k | #26 |
| 18 | Singapore | 42.8 | 28.3% | 34k | 476k | #18 |
| 19 | Türkiye | 41.8 | 14.2% | 123k | 721k | #27 |
| 20 | Russia | 40.8 | 5.5% | 258k | 649k | #15 |
| 21 | Netherlands | 39.8 | 22.4% | 56k | 504k | #12 |
| 22 | Egypt | 38.9 | 19.8% | 60k | 566k | #36 |
| 23 | Pakistan | 38.0 | 21.3% | 54k | 525k | #37 |
| 24 | Poland | 37.1 | 13.5% | 83k | 520k | #22 |
| 25 | Sweden | 36.3 | 21.5% | 43k | 384k | #16 |
| 26 | Malaysia | 35.6 | 14.5% | 72k | 464k | #34 |
| 27 | Taiwan | 34.8 | 14.3% | 65k | 486k | #25 |
| 28 | Austria | 34.1 | 16.6% | 34k | 225k | #23 |
| 29 | Brazil | 33.4 | 8.3% | 169k | 600k | #28 |
| 30 | Denmark | 32.7 | 20.2% | 29k | 249k | #21 |
| 31 | Belgium | 32.1 | 17.4% | 36k | 263k | #20 |
| 32 | Bangladesh | 31.5 | 19.8% | 31k | 249k | #46 |
| 33 | Portugal | 30.8 | 18.4% | 43k | 320k | #33 |
| 34 | Israel | 30.3 | 16.7% | 24k | 173k | #17 |
| 35 | Norway | 29.7 | 20.2% | 30k | 233k | #31 |
| 36 | Finland | 29.1 | 21.6% | 25k | 225k | #30 |
| 37 | Czechia | 28.6 | 13.1% | 37k | 214k | #32 |
| 38 | United Arab Emirates | 28.1 | 23.4% | 22k | 216k | #52 |
| 39 | South Africa | 27.5 | 18.0% | 35k | 254k | #39 |
| 40 | Greece | 27.0 | 19.5% | 33k | 253k | #35 |
| 41 | Iraq | 26.6 | 9.7% | 54k | 252k | #54 |
| 42 | Morocco | 26.1 | 18.6% | 29k | 187k | #55 |
| 43 | Romania | 25.6 | 12.6% | 33k | 163k | #44 |
| 44 | Nigeria | 25.2 | 9.6% | 42k | 175k | #56 |
| 45 | Ukraine | 24.7 | 7.0% | 66k | 118k | #42 |
| 46 | Indonesia | 24.3 | 4.9% | 349k | 466k | #51 |
| 47 | Jordan | 23.9 | 23.0% | 13k | 113k | #60 |
| 48 | Mexico | 23.4 | 9.0% | 55k | 226k | #43 |
| 49 | Ireland | 23.0 | 20.8% | 16k | 137k | #38 |
| 50 | Thailand | 22.6 | 13.5% | 34k | 210k | #50 |
| 51 | New Zealand | 22.2 | 20.3% | 15k | 121k | #41 |
| 52 | Vietnam | 21.9 | 11.4% | 41k | 187k | #53 |
| 53 | Hungary | 21.5 | 13.0% | 22k | 109k | #40 |
| 54 | Algeria | 21.1 | 10.5% | 27k | 126k | #59 |
| 55 | Macau | 20.7 | 25.9% | 7.9k | 82k | #66 |
| 56 | Uzbekistan | 20.4 | 9.0% | 16k | 44k | #67 |
| 57 | Chile | 20.0 | 15.2% | 19k | 111k | #49 |
| 58 | Qatar | 19.7 | 25.9% | 6.3k | 81k | #62 |
| 59 | Cyprus | 19.4 | 22.7% | 6.4k | 53k | #64 |
| 60 | Ethiopia | 19.0 | 20.8% | 12k | 100k | #74 |
| 61 | Serbia | 18.7 | 11.7% | 14k | 63k | #58 |
| 62 | Slovenia | 18.4 | 14.5% | 10k | 63k | #48 |
| 63 | Tunisia | 18.1 | 12.7% | 15k | 80k | #63 |
| 64 | Kazakhstan | 17.7 | 9.9% | 17k | 54k | #70 |
| 65 | Argentina | 17.4 | 10.6% | 20k | 83k | #45 |
| 66 | Azerbaijan | 17.1 | 9.6% | 7.5k | 19k | #75 |
| 67 | Lebanon | 16.8 | 20.4% | 4.4k | 38k | #76 |
| 68 | Colombia | 16.5 | 9.5% | 23k | 85k | #65 |
| 69 | Slovakia | 16.3 | 10.6% | 15k | 63k | #47 |
| 70 | Croatia | 16.0 | 11.1% | 12k | 56k | #61 |
| 71 | Bulgaria | 15.7 | 6.7% | 16k | 40k | #57 |
| 72 | Oman | 15.4 | 19.5% | 4.7k | 34k | #81 |
| 73 | Lithuania | 15.1 | 13.0% | 6.8k | 39k | #68 |
| 74 | Ghana | 14.9 | 17.9% | 6.2k | 41k | #83 |
| 75 | Philippines | 14.6 | 8.1% | 16k | 40k | #79 |
| 76 | Nepal | 14.3 | 8.9% | 8.7k | 29k | #82 |
| 77 | Luxembourg | 14.1 | 22.7% | 3.5k | 27k | #72 |
| 78 | Ecuador | 13.8 | 11.6% | 15k | 43k | #89 |
| 79 | Kuwait | 13.6 | 17.3% | 4.3k | 30k | #86 |
| 80 | Estonia | 13.3 | 18.2% | 4.6k | 31k | #69 |
| 81 | Sri Lanka | 13.1 | 11.9% | 7.2k | 34k | #87 |
| 82 | Yemen | 12.8 | 15.7% | 2.8k | 19k | #91 |
| 83 | Palestine | 12.6 | 19.7% | 2k | 16k | #93 |
| 84 | Kenya | 12.4 | 11.2% | 5.9k | 25k | #88 |
| 85 | Brunei | 12.1 | 22.5% | 1.5k | 15k | #99 |
| 86 | Belarus | 11.9 | 4.6% | 7k | 14k | #73 |
| 87 | Cameroon | 11.7 | 11.2% | 4.7k | 25k | #90 |
| 88 | Latvia | 11.4 | 9.4% | 4.8k | 21k | #84 |
| 89 | Iceland | 11.2 | 18.3% | 1.7k | 11k | #71 |
| 90 | Armenia | 11.0 | 6.4% | 3.6k | 7.6k | #85 |
| 91 | Peru | 10.8 | 8.5% | 13k | 31k | #94 |
| 92 | Uganda | 10.6 | 16.5% | 2.1k | 12k | — |
| 93 | North Macedonia | 10.4 | 11.4% | 2.4k | 9.1k | #100 |
| 94 | Puerto Rico | 10.1 | 11.1% | 1.7k | 8.6k | #78 |
| 95 | Sudan | 9.9 | 13.6% | 2k | 11k | — |
| 96 | Tanzania | 9.7 | 13.6% | 3.8k | 17k | #98 |
| 97 | Bahrain | 9.5 | 17.1% | 1.8k | 10k | — |
| 98 | Georgia | 9.3 | 7.3% | 2.4k | 6.1k | #96 |
| 99 | Botswana | 9.1 | 17.4% | 1.2k | 7.6k | — |
| 100 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 8.9 | 8.3% | 3.3k | 8.2k | — |
countries ranked worldwide in Physical Sciences (157). rank on the composite score within the stated pool. The score track runs 0 to 100; the rate track carries no world mark, because the world rate differs by field.
How spread out this pool is
Every row above on one axis — one tick each, right is a higher score. A field where the top few are far clear of everyone and one that runs down evenly look identical as a table.
One bar per band of score, counting the rows on this page.
Ranked by volume, 2022–2025
- 1 China 2.4M works
- 2 United States 893k works
- 3 India 682k works
- 4 Indonesia 349k works
- 5 Germany 270k works
- 6 Russia 258k works
- 7 Japan 235k works
- 8 United Kingdom 212k works
- 9 France 197k works
- 10 Italy 176k works
- 11 South Korea 171k works
- 12 Brazil 169k works