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Science in Egypt

Egypt ranks #23 of 192 countries on research quality in 2022–2025 (#39 all time), with 169k research works and 14.9% of them in the world's top 10%.

World rank, 2022–2025
#23
of 192 · #39 all time
Works, 2022–2025
169k
▲ 89% vs 2013–17
Top-10% rate
14.9%
record average 16.5%
In the world top 100
0
8 in the top 1,000
Open access
56%
world 63%

What is Egypt strongest at in science?

On research quality in 2022–2025, Egypt ranks highest in Water Science and Technology (#7 of 62), Aquatic Science (#4 of 32) and Plant Science (#12 of 92). Relative to its size it is most specialised in Leadership and Management, Orthodontics and Oral Surgery.

FieldWorld rankWhere that sitsTop-10% rateWorks
Water Science and TechnologySubfield #7 of 62 21.7%1,559 Institutions
Aquatic ScienceSubfield #4 of 32 26.6%816 Institutions
Plant ScienceSubfield #12 of 92 20.6%7,049 Institutions
Civil and Structural EngineeringSubfield #10 of 73 16.6%2,675 Institutions
Organic ChemistrySubfield #9 of 65 25.3%2,963 Institutions
EngineeringField #19 of 134 18.1%23,509 Institutions
PharmacologySubfield #5 of 32 18.4%972 Institutions
Analytical ChemistrySubfield #5 of 32 18.7%973 Institutions
Agricultural and Biological SciencesField #21 of 126 17.3%16,106 Institutions
Animal Science and ZoologySubfield #8 of 46 12.1%1,380 Institutions
Health ProfessionsField #19 of 108 10.6%3,461 Institutions
ChemistryField #13 of 73 22.4%5,179 Institutions

Where its research is concentrated

Location quotient: how much more — or less — of each node it does than its size predicts. Drawn around 1×, where “twice the world share” and “half of it” are the same distance apart in opposite directions. A volume reading, which on a country axis is largely population and industrial structure.

  1. Leadership and ManagementSubfield · 350.2 works13×
  2. OrthodonticsSubfield · 1,072.6 works5.7×
  3. Oral SurgerySubfield · 1,414.2 works4.3×
  4. DentistryField · 3,240.8 works4.0×
  5. Animal Science and ZoologySubfield · 1,379.9 works3.7×
  6. UrologySubfield · 721.1 works3.5×
  7. General DentistrySubfield · 241.5 works3.3×
  8. PharmacologySubfield · 972.3 works3.1×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

The whole field profile

All 26 fields at once. A specialist and a generalist produce the same ranked list and a completely different shape.

Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 2.01× its world share, 16k worksAgricultural and Bio…Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 1.18× its world share, 11k worksBiochemistry, Geneti…Immunology and Microbiology: 1.47× its world share, 2,492 worksImmunology and Micro…Neuroscience: 0.78× its world share, 2,142 worksNeurosciencePharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 2.79× its world share, 1,662 worksPharmacology, Toxico…Chemical Engineering: 0.88× its world share, 522 worksChemical EngineeringChemistry: 1.95× its world share, 5,179 worksChemistryComputer Science: 0.62× its world share, 8,086 worksComputer ScienceEarth and Planetary Sciences: 0.75× its world share, 1,997 worksEarth and Planetary …Energy: 1.39× its world share, 2,159 worksEnergyEngineering: 0.93× its world share, 24k worksEngineeringEnvironmental Science: 0.88× its world share, 7,346 worksEnvironmental ScienceMaterials Science: 1.30× its world share, 7,661 worksMaterials ScienceMathematics: 0.93× its world share, 1,847 worksMathematicsPhysics and Astronomy: 0.54× its world share, 2,032 worksPhysics and AstronomyDentistry: 3.95× its world share, 3,241 worksDentistryHealth Professions: 0.78× its world share, 3,462 worksHealth ProfessionsMedicine: 1.50× its world share, 49k worksMedicineNursing: 2.44× its world share, 2,022 worksNursingVeterinary: 1.68× its world share, 386 worksVeterinaryArts and Humanities: 0.59× its world share, 2,874 worksArts and HumanitiesBusiness, Management and Accounting: 0.49× its world share, 2,657 worksBusiness, Management…Decision Sciences: 0.71× its world share, 1,158 worksDecision SciencesEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 0.38× its world share, 1,358 worksEconomics, Econometr…Psychology: 0.63× its world share, 3,222 worksPsychologySocial Sciences: 0.30× its world share, 6,401 worksSocial Sciences1×world share
more than its size predictsabout as predictedless

Rings at 0.5×, 1× and 2×. Widest outward: Dentistry, 4.0×. Every wedge is a field page.

Which keywords describe research in Egypt?

By fractional works in 2022–2025, weighted toward what it does more of than the world: Epidemiology, Inflammation, Antioxidant, Oxidative Stress, Quality of Life, Cancer, Nanomaterials and Nanoparticles.

▲ more of its work than of the world’s◆ about the world’s share▼ less than the world’s

Size is fractional works in 2022–2025 in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of this country's work against its share of the world's. The 40 words are chosen for being large and distinctive. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology9,474▲ 1.42×140 topics
  2. Inflammation6,404▲ 1.82×83 topics
  3. Oxidative Stress5,211▲ 1.89×63 topics
  4. Machine Learning4,825◆ 0.87×97 topics
  5. Deep Learning4,316▼ 0.75×84 topics
  6. Quality of Life4,048▲ 1.66×60 topics
  7. Antioxidant3,898▲ 3.4×51 topics
  8. Cancer3,891▲ 1.72×59 topics
  9. Environmental Impact3,703▲ 1.29×73 topics
  10. Climate Change3,641▼ 0.80×120 topics
  11. Nanoparticles3,423▲ 1.61×44 topics
  12. Nanomaterials3,327▲ 1.86×21 topics
  13. Biomedical Applications3,121▲ 1.56×36 topics
  14. Treatment3,002▲ 1.47×52 topics
  15. Cardiovascular Disease2,731▲ 1.45×39 topics
  16. Renewable Energy2,672◆ 1.10×59 topics
  17. Antioxidant Activity2,624▲ 2.5×32 topics
  18. Metabolic Syndrome2,588▲ 1.88×24 topics
  19. Toxicity2,253▲ 3.1×20 topics
  20. Diagnosis2,184▲ 1.39×41 topics
  21. Nanocomposites2,142▲ 1.57×22 topics
  22. Antioxidants2,037▲ 2.7×17 topics
  23. Antimicrobial1,994▲ 4.2×14 topics
  24. Insulin Resistance1,956▲ 2.5×10 topics
  25. Tissue Engineering1,930▲ 1.87×13 topics
  26. Diabetes1,926▲ 2.3×22 topics
  27. Clinical Trials1,916▲ 1.69×19 topics
  28. Immune Response1,868▲ 1.95×23 topics
  29. Synthesis1,832▲ 2.9×37 topics
  30. Complications1,726▲ 2.0×17 topics
  31. Self-Efficacy1,695▲ 3.8×11 topics
  32. Anti-inflammatory1,640▲ 3.5×29 topics
  33. Gut Microbiota1,547▲ 2.6×7 topics
  34. Anticancer Agents1,480▲ 5.8×12 topics
  35. Medicinal Chemistry1,459▲ 3.1×13 topics
  36. Bioactive Compounds1,418▲ 3.3×15 topics
  37. Wound Healing1,391▲ 3.2×12 topics
  38. Green Synthesis1,209▲ 3.7×5 topics
  39. Antimicrobial Activity1,201▲ 4.2×9 topics
  40. Heterocyclic Compounds1,015▲ 6.9×6 topics

How many world-class institutions does Egypt hold?

Average quality and elite capacity disagree by construction, and both are worth knowing: the first is decided by a country’s whole institution population, the second counts the institutions it holds at the top. One square per institution.

101st to 500th3501st to 1,000th5

Bands are exclusive, so the squares add up to 8 — the institutions it holds in the world top 1,000 — and not to four times it.

Which universities in Egypt lead research?

Cairo University, Mansoura University and Ain Shams University rank highest in Egypt on research quality in 2022–2025.

0%10%20%mean 15.0467%fractional works (log) →share in the world top 10% →Cairo University: 16k, 15.5%Mansoura University: 9,244, 16.7%Ain Shams University: 14k, 10.0%Alexandria University: 9,460, 14.8%Al-Azhar University: 7,915, 14.0%National Research Centre: 5,931, 20.4%Tanta University: 6,347, 15.6%Zagazig University: 7,709, 13.2%Assiut University: 5,600, 13.0%Kafrelsheikh University: 2,423, 23.6%Beni-Suef University: 3,314, 15.7%Minia University: 3,821, 13.2%Benha University: 6,444, 9.6%Menoufia University: 4,708, 11.9%Damietta University: 1,794, 18.5%Mansoura UniversityCairo UniversityAlexandria UniversityAin Shams University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per institution in the list below. The upper left is the interesting corner.

  1. 1Cairo UniversityUniversity · Giza · #273 worldwide15.5% top 10% · 16k works
  2. 2Mansoura UniversityUniversity · Al Mansurah · #304 worldwide16.7% top 10% · 9.2k works
  3. 3Ain Shams UniversityUniversity · Cairo · #432 worldwide10.0% top 10% · 14k works
  4. 4Alexandria UniversityUniversity · Alexandria · #537 worldwide14.8% top 10% · 9.5k works
  5. 5Al-Azhar UniversityUniversity · Cairo · #543 worldwide14.0% top 10% · 7.9k works
  6. 6National Research CentreResearch facility · Giza · #585 worldwide20.4% top 10% · 5.9k works
  7. 7Tanta UniversityUniversity · Tanta · #777 worldwide15.6% top 10% · 6.3k works
  8. 8Zagazig UniversityUniversity · Zagazig · #795 worldwide13.2% top 10% · 7.7k works
  9. 9Assiut UniversityUniversity · Asyut · #1,009 worldwide13.0% top 10% · 5.6k works
  10. 10Kafrelsheikh UniversityUniversity · Kafr ash Shaykh · #1,011 worldwide23.6% top 10% · 2.4k works
  11. 11Beni-Suef UniversityUniversity · Banī Suwayf · #1,061 worldwide15.7% top 10% · 3.3k works
  12. 12Minia UniversityUniversity · Minya · #1,065 worldwide13.2% top 10% · 3.8k works
  13. 13Benha UniversityUniversity · Banhā · #1,104 worldwide9.6% top 10% · 6.4k works
  14. 14Menoufia UniversityUniversity · Shibīn al Kawm · #1,195 worldwide11.9% top 10% · 4.7k works
  15. 15Damietta UniversityUniversity · Damietta · #1,299 worldwide18.5% top 10% · 1.8k works

The track on each row is its top-10% rate; the tick is the world’s rate in this record, 16.5% — teal above it, red below.

All ranked institutions in Egypt

Who are the top researchers in Egypt?

Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Ashraf Nabhan and Mahmoud F. Fathalla rank highest among researchers based in Egypt.

  1. 1 Maysaa El Sayed Zaki · #3,077 worldwide 6.6k citations · 65 works
  2. 2 Ashraf Nabhan · #12,694 worldwide 1.8k citations · 44 works
  3. 3 Mahmoud F. Fathalla · #12,990 worldwide 1.4k citations · 44 works
  4. 4 Ahmed H. Yousef · #14,247 worldwide 852 citations · 49 works
  5. 5 Mohamed Elhoseny · #14,550 worldwide 1.1k citations · 86 works
  6. 6 Maha El Tantawi · #14,776 worldwide 974 citations · 44 works
  7. 7 Marwa Rashad Salem · #18,431 worldwide 1.2k citations · 40 works
  8. 8 Foad Abd-Allah · #24,992 worldwide 5.6k citations · 35 works
  9. 9 Mohamed Abd Elaziz · #27,593 worldwide 1.3k citations · 120 works
  10. 10 Sherief Abd‐Elsalam · #28,786 worldwide 745 citations · 35 works
Top researchers in Egypt

Which cities in Egypt are research hubs?

  1. 1 Cairo Egypt 157k works
  2. 2 Giza Egypt 123k works
  3. 3 Alexandria Egypt 44k works
  4. 4 Al Mansurah Egypt 36k works
  5. 5 Zagazig Egypt 26k works
  6. 6 Asyut Egypt 24k works
  7. 7 Tanta Egypt 20k works
  8. 8 Shibīn al Kawm Egypt 17k works

How much of it is in the largest

The same cities as shares of everything these twelve account for.

Cairo: 35.0%Giza: 27.5%Alexandria: 9.9%Al Mansurah: 8.1%4 others listed: 19.5%35%largest
Cairo157k · 35.0%Giza123k · 27.5%Alexandria44k · 9.9%Al Mansurah36k · 8.1%4 others listed87k · 19.5%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

How open and international is Egypt's research?

56% of its research is openly available (world: 40%), and 24% is written with international co-authors (world: 18%).

openly available56.2%not open43.8%

World: 63% of research is openly available.

with international co-authors23.6%domestic only76.4%

World: 22% is written across borders.

How has Egypt's research grown?

Output in 2018–2022 was 89% higher than in 2013–2017.

1990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon — one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Research fields in Egypt