Science Explorer Interactive view Map
Subfield · Computer Science

Artificial Intelligence research

Artificial Intelligence is a subfield of Computer Science. Science Explorer counts 2.1M research works in it since 1950. 19.8% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

In short: field of computer science and engineering practices for intelligence demonstrated by machines and intelligent agents.

Research works
2.1M
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
407k
per year above
Top-10% rate
19.8%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Topics
77
Growth, 2013–17 → 2018–22
+49%
the tick is no change

What is Artificial Intelligence research about, and what is growing?

By the world's output in 2019–23, its most used keywords are Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Neural Networks, Data Mining, Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language Processing. Gaining share since 2009–13: Decision Support System, Information System, Knowledge Management, Educational Technology, Fuzzy Logic. Losing share: Knowledge Representation, Expert Systems, Backpropagation Learning, Self-Organizing Maps.

▲ gaining share of this field◆ holding its share▼ losing share

Size is the world's fractional works in 2019–23 in the topics tagged with each word; colour compares the word's share of this field with 2009–13. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Machine Learning187k◆ 1.13×27 topics
  2. Deep Learning134k▲ 1.74×17 topics
  3. Neural Networks99k▲ 1.56×10 topics
  4. Data Mining48k▲ 2.3×6 topics
  5. Artificial Intelligence46k▲ 1.82×8 topics
  6. Natural Language Processing36k▲ 5.9×3 topics
  7. Classification35k▲ 1.26×5 topics
  8. Knowledge Management34k▲ 11×2 topics
  9. Text Classification34k▲ 1.57×3 topics
  10. Artificial Neural Networks33k◆ 1.10×4 topics
  11. Information Retrieval32k▲ 1.60×2 topics
  12. Expert Systems29k▼ 0.49×2 topics
  13. Cryptography26k◆ 1.00×3 topics
  14. Educational Technology26k▲ 10×2 topics
  15. Fuzzy Logic26k▲ 10×2 topics
  16. Decision Support System26k▲ 12×1 topic
  17. Information System26k▲ 12×1 topic
  18. Machine Translation25k▲ 1.80×1 topic
  19. Word Representation25k▲ 1.80×1 topic
  20. High-Dimensional Data25k▲ 2.0×2 topics
  21. Semi-Supervised Learning23k▲ 3.0×3 topics
  22. Convolutional Neural Networks23k▲ 1.56×2 topics
  23. Neural Machine Translation22k◆ 0.91×1 topic
  24. Statistical Machine Translation22k◆ 0.91×1 topic
  25. Security22k▲ 1.44×2 topics
  26. Anomaly Detection22k▲ 2.7×1 topic
  27. Unsupervised22k▲ 2.7×1 topic
  28. Representation Learning19k▲ 6.4×2 topics
  29. Deep Neural Networks19k▲ 1.53×3 topics
  30. Mineral Prospectivity19k◆ 1.11×1 topic
  31. Remote Sensing19k◆ 1.11×1 topic
  32. Social Media19k▲ 4.0×2 topics
  33. Evolutionary Algorithms19k▼ 0.68×3 topics
  34. Knowledge Representation18k▼ 0.39×4 topics
  35. Meta-Learning18k▲ 3.7×2 topics
  36. Healthcare16k▲ 7.2×2 topics
  37. Histopathology Images15k▲ 2.7×1 topic
  38. Medical Image Analysis15k▲ 2.7×1 topic
  39. Backpropagation Learning15k▼ 0.64×1 topic
  40. Self-Organizing Maps15k▼ 0.64×1 topic

Which countries lead Artificial Intelligence research?

On research quality in 2022–2025, China, the United States and India rank highest in Artificial Intelligence. By volume, China and the United States publish the most (132k and 67k works in 2022–2025).

By research quality, 2022–2025

  1. 1 China · #2 all time 20.2% top 10% · 132k works
  2. 2 United States · #1 all time 21.1% top 10% · 67k works
  3. 3 India · #6 all time 14.6% top 10% · 49k works
  4. 4 United Kingdom · #3 all time 23.7% top 10% · 15k works
  5. 5 Germany · #4 all time 20.8% top 10% · 17k works
  6. 6 Australia · #7 all time 28.8% top 10% · 7.7k works
  7. 7 Canada · #5 all time 21.8% top 10% · 9.3k works
  8. 8 Italy · #8 all time 21.5% top 10% · 12k works
  9. 9 Saudi Arabia · #19 all time 32.5% top 10% · 4.8k works
  10. 10 Hong Kong · #16 all time 33.0% top 10% · 3.8k works

The track on each row is that row’s top-10% rate. The ranking itself is the composite score, which the rate is only one part of.

Of 90 countries ranked in Artificial Intelligence. Composite of field-normalised excellence (50%), output (30%) and citations (20%); the bracket is the all-time rank.

All countries ranked in Artificial Intelligence

By volume, 2022–2025

  1. 1 China 132k works
  2. 2 United States 67k works
  3. 3 India 49k works
  4. 4 Indonesia 35k works
  5. 5 Germany 17k works
  6. 6 United Kingdom 15k works
  7. 7 Japan 13k works
  8. 8 Italy 12k works
  9. 9 France 11k works
  10. 10 Canada 9.3k works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 36.6%United States: 18.6%India: 13.7%Indonesia: 9.8%6 others listed: 21.3%37%largest
China132k · 36.6%United States67k · 18.6%India49k · 13.7%Indonesia35k · 9.8%6 others listed77k · 21.3%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Artificial Intelligence research?

Tsinghua University (China) ranks first in Artificial Intelligence on research quality in 2022–2025, followed by Nanyang Technological University and Stanford University.

By research quality, 2022–2025

  1. 1 Tsinghua University China · Beijing · #7 all time 29.8% top 10% · 2.1k works
  2. 2 Nanyang Technological University Singapore · Singapore · #10 all time 36.3% top 10% · 1.2k works
  3. 3 Stanford University United States · Stanford · #1 all time 30.4% top 10% · 834 works
  4. 4 Shanghai Jiao Tong University China · Shanghai · #42 all time 24.0% top 10% · 1.7k works
  5. 5 University of Science and Technology of China China · Hefei · #40 all time 24.8% top 10% · 1.5k works
  6. 6 University of Hong Kong Hong Kong · Pok Fu Lam · #61 all time 34.3% top 10% · 702 works
  7. 7 Zhejiang University China · Hangzhou · #64 all time 27.9% top 10% · 1.5k works
  8. 8 National University of Singapore Singapore · Singapore · #25 all time 29.2% top 10% · 1k works
  9. 9 Carnegie Mellon University United States · Pittsburgh · #2 all time 26.2% top 10% · 1k works
  10. 10 Beihang University China · Beijing · #46 all time 25.1% top 10% · 1.4k works

The track on each row is that row’s top-10% rate. The ranking itself is the composite score, which the rate is only one part of.

Of 1,884 institutions above the floor of 40 fractional works in Artificial Intelligence.

Top 100 Artificial Intelligence institutions

By volume, 2022–2025

  1. 1 Tsinghua University China 2.1k works
  2. 2 Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications China 1.8k works
  3. 3 University of Electronic Science and Technology of China China 1.8k works
  4. 4 National University of Defense Technology China 1.8k works
  5. 5 Chinese Academy of Sciences China 1.7k works
  6. 6 Shanghai Jiao Tong University China 1.7k works
  7. 7 University of Science and Technology of China China 1.5k works
  8. 8 Zhejiang University China 1.5k works
  9. 9 Harbin Institute of Technology China 1.5k works
  10. 10 Xidian University China 1.4k works

Who are the leading researchers in Artificial Intelligence?

Among the most productive authors in Artificial Intelligence, Andrew Zisserman, Yoshua Bengio and Li Fei-Fei rank highest on the composite score.

  1. 1 Andrew Zisserman United Kingdom · #3 worldwide 25k citations · 241 works
  2. 2 Yoshua Bengio Canada · #4 worldwide 17k citations · 298 works
  3. 3 Li Fei-Fei United States · #9 worldwide 17k citations · 188 works
  4. 4 Ion Stoica United States · #22 worldwide 9.6k citations · 170 works
  5. 5 Robert Tibshirani United States · #38 worldwide 13k citations · 155 works
  6. 6 Jitendra Malik United States · #39 worldwide 12k citations · 179 works
  7. 7 Wei Liu Australia · #55 worldwide 9.7k citations · 149 works
  8. 8 Dan Boneh United States · #95 worldwide 7.5k citations · 143 works
  9. 9 Seyedali Mirjalili Australia · #98 worldwide 7.6k citations · 164 works
  10. 10 Wolfram Burgard Germany · #103 worldwide 6.3k citations · 232 works

Re-ranked on the composite score from the 5,909 highest-output authors in Artificial Intelligence. Identities come from OpenAlex author disambiguation, which occasionally merges or splits people.

Top 100 Artificial Intelligence researchers

Where is Artificial Intelligence research done?

The largest centres of Artificial Intelligence research in 2022–2025 are Beijing (China), Shanghai (China), Nanjing (China) and Xi'an (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Chertsey, George Town and Saitama.

Largest cities, 2022–2025

  1. 1 Beijing China 27k works
  2. 2 Shanghai China 8.6k works
  3. 3 Nanjing China 6.8k works
  4. 4 Xi'an China 6.6k works
  5. 5 Guangzhou China 6k works
  6. 6 Wuhan China 5.6k works
  7. 7 Chengdu China 5k works
  8. 8 Tokyo Japan 4.9k works
  9. 9 Chennai India 4.9k works
  10. 10 Hangzhou China 4.7k works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. ChertseyGB · 24.7 works11×
  2. George TownKY · 52.6 works9.7×
  3. Saitama26.4 works9.4×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Artificial Intelligence than the world average.

See Artificial Intelligence on the map

Artificial Intelligence research by country

The best places for Artificial Intelligence research inside each country, with that country's researchers and world standing.

Where is the best place to study Artificial Intelligence?

Among universities, judged by research, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Management University and Hong Kong University of Science and Technology score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 31.38%fractional works in this node (log) →share in the world top 10% →Nanyang Technological University: 1,186, 36.3%Singapore Management University: 304, 35.8%Hong Kong University of Science and Technology: 683, 33.9%Hong Kong Polytechnic University: 772, 35.5%University of Technology Sydney: 578, 32.5%Carnegie Mellon University: 1,030, 26.2%Tsinghua University: 2,090, 29.8%Vellore Institute of Technology University: 1,304, 21.2%University of Hong Kong: 702, 34.3%Xidian University: 1,447, 28.3%Nanyang Technologica…Singapore Management…Hong Kong Polytechni…Hong Kong University…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the table below. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Nanyang Technological University Singapore 63.536.3%3.0×1,186 +13.6%
2Singapore Management University Singapore 58.635.8%5.7×304 +45.5%
3Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong 57.833.9%3.5×683 -4.2%
4Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong 56.835.5%1.8×772 +12.1%
5University of Technology Sydney Australia 56.132.5%2.6×578 +89.6%
6Carnegie Mellon University United States 55.926.2%5.1×1,030 +34.4%
7Tsinghua University China 55.729.8%2.1×2,090 +13.5%
8Vellore Institute of Technology University India 55.721.2%2.6×1,304 +336.6%
9University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 55.134.3%1.7×702 +24.6%
10Xidian University China 55.028.3%4.0×1,447 +13.7%

Universities only. Score blends excellence (30%), specialisation (25%), size (20%), growth (15%) and international reach (10%), 2015–2022; growth compares 2010–14 with 2015–19.

Is Artificial Intelligence research growing?

Output in 2018–2022 was 49% higher than in 2013–2017, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Edcuational Technology Systems, Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics and Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data.

19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon — one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

  1. Edcuational Technology Systems+4904%
  2. Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics+361%
  3. Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data+294%
  4. Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications+225%
  5. AI in cancer detection+150%
  6. Topic Modeling+146%
  7. Algorithms and Data Compression-19%
  8. Logic, programming, and type systems-22%
  9. Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies-33%
  10. Advanced Computational Techniques and Applications-85%
← shrinkingno changegrowing →

Growth in output from 2005–09 to 2015–19. Every topic is a page of its own.

What does Artificial Intelligence include?

Neural Networks and Appl…99kNeural Networks and Applications: 99k fractional worksNatural Language Process…89kNatural Language Processing Techniques: 89k fractional worksAdvanced Computational Techniques and Applications: 89k fractional worksGeochemistry and Geologic Mapping: 80k fractional worksTopic Modeling73kTopic Modeling: 73k fractional worksSemantic Web and Ontologies: 72k fractional worksQuantum Information and Cryptography: 58k fractional worksAnomaly Detection Techni…55kAnomaly Detection Techniques and Applications: 55k fractional worksEdcuational Technology Systems: 47k fractional worksAI in cancer detection: 43k fractional worksMetaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research: 40k fractional worksCryptography and Data Security: 40k fractional works

Area is fractional works in that topic. Every name below is a page of its own.