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Topic · Artificial Intelligence

Law, AI, and Intellectual Property

Law, AI, and Intellectual Property is a research topic within Artificial Intelligence. Science Explorer counts 11k research works in it since 1950. 10.2% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers explores the intersection of cyberbiosecurity, artificial intelligence, and legal implications, focusing on regulatory challenges, ethical issues, and innovation policy. It discusses the emerging discipline of cyberbiosecurity to safeguard the bioeconomy, the impact of AI technology on patent law, and the digitalization of legal fields. The papers also address copyright protection for AI-generated works and the role of technology in biological disaster management.

  • Cyberbiosecurity
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Legal Implications
  • Biological Engineering
  • Patent Law
  • Digitalization
  • Copyright
  • Regulatory Challenges
  • Ethical Issues
  • Innovation Policy
Research works
11k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
1.2k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.2%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+97%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
28% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Law, AI, and Intellectual Property

Which countries lead Law, AI, and Intellectual Property research?

By volume, the United States and India publish the most (902 and 489 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 902 works
  2. 2 India 489 works
  3. 3 China 463 works
  4. 4 Russia 369 works
  5. 5 Indonesia 298 works
  6. 6 United Kingdom 270 works
  7. 7 Germany 143 works
  8. 8 Italy 126 works
  9. 9 Spain 106 works
  10. 10 Australia 106 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 27.6%India: 14.9%China: 14.2%Russia: 11.3%6 others listed: 32.1%28%largest
United States902 · 27.6%India489 · 14.9%China463 · 14.2%Russia369 · 11.3%6 others listed1,050 · 32.1%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Law, AI, and Intellectual Property research?

By volume in 2022-now, Kutafin Moscow State Law University publishes the most Law, AI, and Intellectual Property research, followed by Tashkent State University of Law and Weatherford College.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Kutafin Moscow State Law UniversityRussia 52 works
  2. 2 Tashkent State University of LawUzbekistan 47 works
  3. 3 Weatherford CollegeUnited States 26 works
  4. 4 Human Growth FoundationUnited States 26 works
  5. 5 Design Intelligence (United States)United States 22 works
  6. 6 Peoples' Friendship University of RussiaRussia 20 works
  7. 7 University of OxfordUnited Kingdom 18 works
  8. 8 University of AmsterdamNetherlands 18 works
  9. 9 Amity UniversityIndia 18 works
  10. 10 Stanford UniversityUnited States 16 works

Who are the leading researchers in Law, AI, and Intellectual Property?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Law, AI, and Intellectual Property include Mark Gerstein.

  1. 1 Mark Gerstein United States 250k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Law, AI, and Intellectual Property?

The most cited paper in Law, AI, and Intellectual Property is "European Union Regulations on Algorithmic Decision Making and a “Right to Explanation”" (Bryce Goodman, Seth Flaxman, 2017), with 2,177 citations. Next come "Certifying and Removing Disparate Impact" (1,844) and "Artificial intelligence in the creative industries: a review" (735).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 European Union Regulations on Algorithmic Decision Making and a “Right to Explanation” Bryce Goodman, Seth Flaxman · AI Magazine Open access Sep 2017 2,177
2 Certifying and Removing Disparate Impact Michael B. Feldman, Sorelle A. Friedler, John Moeller et al. Conference paper 7 Aug 2015 1,844
3 Artificial intelligence in the creative industries: a review Nantheera Anantrasirichai, David Bull · Artificial Intelligence Review Open access Jul 2021 735
4 Governing artificial intelligence: ethical, legal and technical opportunities and challenges Corinne Cath · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences Open access 15 Oct 2018 734
5 Regulating Artificial Intelligence Systems: Risks, Challenges, Competencies, and Strategies Matthew U. Scherer · SSRN Electronic Journal PreprintOpen access 2015 569
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Law, AI, and Intellectual Property research done?

The largest centres of Law, AI, and Intellectual Property research in 2022-now are Moscow (Russia), New York (United States), Beijing (China) and London (United Kingdom). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Norman.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 MoscowRussia 194 works
  2. 2 New YorkUnited States 95 works
  3. 3 BeijingChina 88 works
  4. 4 LondonUnited Kingdom 83 works
  5. 5 TashkentUzbekistan 60 works
  6. 6 Washington D.C.United States 58 works
  7. 7 JakartaIndonesia 52 works
  8. 8 KyivUkraine 40 works
  9. 9 ShanghaiChina 39 works
  10. 10 SydneyAustralia 37 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. NormanUS · 23.5 works14×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Law, AI, and Intellectual Property than the world average.

See Law, AI, and Intellectual Property on the map

Where is the best place to study Law, AI, and Intellectual Property?

Among universities, judged by research, University of Amsterdam, University of Macau and University of Oxford score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 21.8%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →University of MacauUniversity of Amster…University of OxfordStanford University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1University of AmsterdamNetherlands 71.529.5%6.6×18 +208.3%
2University of MacauChina 68.834.4%6.8×10 +400.3%
3University of OxfordUnited Kingdom 63.125.1%2.9×18 +16.2%
4Stanford UniversityUnited States 60.222.4%2.5×16 +50.0%
5Tashkent State University of LawUzbekistan 59.79.5%111.9×47 +290.7%
6University of California, BerkeleyUnited States 59.237.7%3.0×13 -3.5%
7Universitat Pompeu FabraSpain 56.521.0%12.9×11 +318.8%
8Tilburg UniversityNetherlands 53.514.9%17.9×13 +191.9%
9Leiden UniversityNetherlands 48.814.2%3.9×10 +251.3%
10Weatherford CollegeUnited States 48.19.3%4.3×26 +904.2%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Law, AI, and Intellectual Property, country by country

Is Law, AI, and Intellectual Property research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 97% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Law, AI, and Intellectual Property.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Law, AI, and Intellectual Property as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.023% in 2024.

still counting0.010%0.020%0.030%Law, AI, and Intellectual Property0.028% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Law, AI, and Intellectual Property over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Law, AI, and Intellectual Property10.4% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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