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Topic · Artificial Intelligence

Quantum Information and Cryptography

Quantum Information and Cryptography is a research topic within Artificial Intelligence. Science Explorer counts 58k research works in it since 1950. 9.8% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers covers a wide range of topics in the field of quantum information, including quantum entanglement, cryptography, computation, metrology, superconducting circuits, photon manipulation, measurement, security, and communication. It reflects the ongoing advancements and diverse applications of quantum technologies in various domains.

  • Quantum
  • Entanglement
  • Cryptography
  • Computation
  • Metrology
  • Superconducting Circuits
  • Photon
  • Measurement
  • Security
  • Communication
Research works
58k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
5.7k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.8%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+37%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
32% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Quantum Information and Cryptography

Which countries lead Quantum Information and Cryptography research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (3.3k and 2.5k works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 3.3k works
  2. 2 United States 2.5k works
  3. 3 India 974 works
  4. 4 Germany 872 works
  5. 5 Japan 592 works
  6. 6 United Kingdom 553 works
  7. 7 Italy 540 works
  8. 8 France 438 works
  9. 9 Russia 378 works
  10. 10 Spain 363 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 31.6%United States: 23.4%India: 9.3%Germany: 8.3%6 others listed: 27.3%32%largest
China3,317 · 31.6%United States2,458 · 23.4%India974 · 9.3%Germany872 · 8.3%6 others listed2,866 · 27.3%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Quantum Information and Cryptography research?

By volume in 2022-now, Chinese Academy of Sciences publishes the most Quantum Information and Cryptography research, followed by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Science and Technology of China.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 198 works
  2. 2 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 189 works
  3. 3 University of Science and Technology of ChinaChina 140 works
  4. 4 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 104 works
  5. 5 Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChina 94 works
  6. 6 Max Planck SocietyGermany 87 works
  7. 7 Tsinghua UniversityChina 86 works
  8. 8 Helmholtz Association of German Research CentresGermany 75 works
  9. 9 University of Maryland, College ParkUnited States 75 works
  10. 10 Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyUnited States 74 works

Who are the leading researchers in Quantum Information and Cryptography?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Quantum Information and Cryptography include Wei Huang, Mark Gerstein and Kenji Watanabe.

  1. 1 Wei Huang China 267k citations
  2. 2 Mark Gerstein United States 250k citations
  3. 3 Kenji Watanabe Japan 237k citations
  4. 4 Donald G. Truhlar United States 230k citations
  5. 5 Takashi Taniguchi Japan 227k citations
  6. 6 Kai You Wang China 224k citations
  7. 7 Steven J.M. Jones Canada 200k citations
  8. 8 Martin J. White France 183k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Quantum Information and Cryptography?

The most cited paper in Quantum Information and Cryptography is "Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels" (Charles H. Bennett, Gilles Brassard, Claude Crépeau et al., 1993), with 13,933 citations. Next come "On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox" (12,389) and "Quantum cryptography based on Bell’s theorem" (10,906).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels Charles H. Bennett, Gilles Brassard, Claude Crépeau et al. · Physical Review Letters Open access 29 Mar 1993 13,933
2 On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox James S. Bell · Physics Physique Fizika Open access Nov 1964 12,389
3 Quantum cryptography based on Bell’s theorem ARTUR K. EKERT · Physical Review Letters 5 Aug 1991 10,906
4 Quantum entanglement Ryszard Horodecki, Paweł Horodecki, Michał Horodecki et al. · Reviews of Modern Physics Open access 17 Jun 2009 10,241
5 Quantal phase factors accompanying adiabatic changes Michael Berry · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A Mathematical and Physical Sciences 8 Mar 1984 9,285
All 99 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Quantum Information and Cryptography research done?

The largest centres of Quantum Information and Cryptography research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Hefei (China), Tokyo (Japan) and Shanghai (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Armonk.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 745 works
  2. 2 HefeiChina 263 works
  3. 3 TokyoJapan 243 works
  4. 4 ShanghaiChina 195 works
  5. 5 ParisFrance 183 works
  6. 6 NanjingChina 179 works
  7. 7 MoscowRussia 176 works
  8. 8 SingaporeSingapore 154 works
  9. 9 Xi'anChina 139 works
  10. 10 MunichGermany 134 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. ArmonkUS · 21.9 works34×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Quantum Information and Cryptography than the world average.

See Quantum Information and Cryptography on the map

Where is the best place to study Quantum Information and Cryptography?

Among universities, judged by research, California Institute of Technology, Yale University and Delft University of Technology score highest, combining citation excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%30%mean 23.31%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →California Institute…Yale UniversityMassachusetts Instit…Delft University of …
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Citation excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1California Institute of TechnologyUnited States 74.127.6%10.6×47 +25.9%
2Yale UniversityUnited States 74.027.4%2.6×36 +43.1%
3Delft University of TechnologyNetherlands 70.821.1%6.8×57 +14.8%
4Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyUnited States 68.422.0%8.6×74 +2.8%
5Universität InnsbruckAustria 67.620.2%11.2×38 +19.4%
6Harvard UniversityUnited States 67.028.2%1.0×38 +44.7%
7University of Maryland, College ParkUnited States 65.415.4%10.5×75 +16.6%
8Chalmers University of TechnologySweden 64.226.6%7.0×22 +30.0%
9University of ChicagoUnited States 63.720.5%4.8×50 +51.5%
10ETH ZurichSwitzerland 63.624.1%4.6×40 -21.5%

Universities only. The score blends citation excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Quantum Information and Cryptography, country by country

Is Quantum Information and Cryptography research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 37% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Quantum Information and Cryptography.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Quantum Information and Cryptography as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.059% in 2024.

still counting0.025%0.050%0.075%Quantum Information and Cryptography0.063% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Quantum Information and Cryptography over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Quantum Information and Cryptography9.6% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

Questions people ask

Who leads quantum cryptography research?

By volume in 2022-now, Chinese Academy of Sciences publishes the most Quantum Information and Cryptography research, followed by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Science and Technology of China. By volume, China and the United States publish the most (3.3k and 2.5k works in 2022-now).

All 1,273 questions in the Question Catalogue

Discussion

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