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Topic · Artificial Intelligence

Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge

Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge is a research topic within Artificial Intelligence. Science Explorer counts 39k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the intersection of logic programming, knowledge representation, and reasoning. It encompasses topics such as answer set programming, modal logic, belief revision, temporal logic, epistemic logic, nonmonotonic reasoning, description logics, model checking, and constraint logic programming.

  • Answer Set Programming
  • Modal Logic
  • Knowledge Representation
  • Belief Revision
  • Temporal Logic
  • Epistemic Logic
  • Nonmonotonic Reasoning
  • Description Logics
  • Model Checking
  • Constraint Logic Programming
Research works
39k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
3.8k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
-14%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
24% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge

Which countries lead Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge research?

By volume, the United States and Italy publish the most (584 and 319 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 584 works
  2. 2 Italy 319 works
  3. 3 Germany 309 works
  4. 4 China 281 works
  5. 5 United Kingdom 270 works
  6. 6 France 265 works
  7. 7 Spain 122 works
  8. 8 Japan 115 works
  9. 9 Netherlands 108 works
  10. 10 Austria 97 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 23.7%Italy: 12.9%Germany: 12.5%China: 11.4%6 others listed: 39.5%24%largest
United States584 · 23.7%Italy319 · 12.9%Germany309 · 12.5%China281 · 11.4%6 others listed976 · 39.5%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge research?

By volume in 2022-now, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique publishes the most Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge research, followed by TU Wien and University of Oxford.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 98 works
  2. 2 TU WienAustria 50 works
  3. 3 University of OxfordUnited Kingdom 34 works
  4. 4 University of AmsterdamNetherlands 34 works
  5. 5 Czech Academy of SciencesCzechia 33 works
  6. 6 University of CalabriaItaly 32 works
  7. 7 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 30 works
  8. 8 Technische Universität DresdenGermany 25 works
  9. 9 City University of New YorkUnited States 24 works
  10. 10 Carnegie Mellon UniversityUnited States 23 works

Who are the leading researchers in Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge include Amos Tversky, Jürgen Schmidhuber and Christopher D. Manning.

  1. 1 Amos Tversky United States 327k citations
  2. 2 Jürgen Schmidhuber Switzerland 188k citations
  3. 3 Christopher D. Manning United States 179k citations
  4. 4 Herbert A. Simon United States 179k citations
  5. 5 Christian Szegedy United States 175k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge?

The most cited paper in Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge is "Intelligent agents: theory and practice" (Michael Wooldridge, Nicholas R. Jennings, 1995), with 6,753 citations. Next come "The Byzantine Generals Problem" (6,065) and "Case-Based Reasoning: Foundational Issues, Methodological Variations, and System Approaches" (5,599).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Intelligent agents: theory and practice Michael Wooldridge, Nicholas R. Jennings · The Knowledge Engineering Review Open access Jun 1995 6,753
2 The Byzantine Generals Problem Leslie Lamport, Robert E. Shostak, Marshall C. Pease · ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems Open access Jul 1982 6,065
3 Case-Based Reasoning: Foundational Issues, Methodological Variations, and System Approaches Agnar Aamodt, Enric Plaza · AI Communications 1994 5,599
4 On the acceptability of arguments and its fundamental role in nonmonotonic reasoning, logic programming and n-person games Phan Minh Dũng · Artificial Intelligence Open access Sep 1995 4,320
5 Planning and acting in partially observable stochastic domains Leslie Pack Kaelbling, Michael L. Littman, Anthony R. Cassandra · Artificial Intelligence Open access May 1998 4,230
All 99 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge research done?

The largest centres of Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge research in 2022-now are Paris (France), Beijing (China), London (United Kingdom) and Vienna (Austria). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Hagen, Rende and Saarbrücken.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 ParisFrance 89 works
  2. 2 BeijingChina 77 works
  3. 3 LondonUnited Kingdom 64 works
  4. 4 ViennaAustria 64 works
  5. 5 MoscowRussia 53 works
  6. 6 PragueCzechia 52 works
  7. 7 New YorkUnited States 47 works
  8. 8 AmsterdamNetherlands 44 works
  9. 9 TokyoJapan 40 works
  10. 10 OxfordUnited Kingdom 36 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. HagenDE · 20.6 works77×
  2. RendeIT · 32.0 works43×
  3. SaarbrückenDE · 20.1 works17×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge than the world average.

See Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge on the map

Where is the best place to study Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge?

Among universities, judged by research, Ruhr University Bochum, University of Amsterdam and Aarhus University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 15.88%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Aarhus UniversityRuhr University BochumUniversity of Amster…University of Oxford
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Ruhr University BochumGermany 73.423.2%15.8×21 +24.2%
2University of AmsterdamNetherlands 64.113.5%17.9×34 -28.7%
3Aarhus UniversityDenmark 63.729.4%3.3×9 +29.2%
4University of OxfordUnited Kingdom 62.011.3%7.7×34 -22.4%
5New York UniversityUnited States 60.621.5%3.5×12 -0.6%
6TU WienAustria 59.56.9%51.8×50 -33.2%
7Free University of Bozen-BolzanoItaly 58.715.0%36.8×11 +25.3%
8University of CalabriaItaly 58.614.1%52.2×32 -24.9%
9KU LeuvenBelgium 57.29.1%6.9×21 +10.8%
10FernUniversität in HagenGermany 54.714.8%85.5×21 +71.5%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge, country by country

Is Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 14% lower than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2002.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.014% in 2024.

still counting0.050%0.10%Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge0.014% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge9.6% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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