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Topic · Artificial Intelligence

Cryptography and Data Security

Cryptography and Data Security is a research topic within Artificial Intelligence. Science Explorer counts 40k research works in it since 1952. 9.7% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers covers advanced cryptographic schemes and protocols, including homomorphic encryption, identity-based encryption, attribute-based encryption, lattice-based cryptography, secure multi-party computation, searchable encryption, pairing-based cryptography, privacy-preserving computation, zero-knowledge proofs, and trapdoor functions.

  • Homomorphic Encryption
  • Identity-Based Encryption
  • Attribute-Based Encryption
  • Lattice-based Cryptography
  • Secure Multi-party Computation
  • Searchable Encryption
  • Pairing-based Cryptography
  • Privacy-Preserving Computation
  • Zero-Knowledge Proofs
  • Trapdoor Functions
Research works
40k
fractional, since 1952
In the world top 10%
3.8k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.7%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+30%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
43% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Cryptography and Data Security

Which countries lead Cryptography and Data Security research?

By volume, China and India publish the most (3.7k and 1.6k works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 3.7k works
  2. 2 India 1.6k works
  3. 3 United States 1.4k works
  4. 4 Japan 358 works
  5. 5 Germany 321 works
  6. 6 France 278 works
  7. 7 United Kingdom 267 works
  8. 8 South Korea 247 works
  9. 9 Australia 230 works
  10. 10 Canada 209 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 42.7%India: 18.3%United States: 16.8%Japan: 4.2%6 others listed: 18.1%43%largest
China3,666 · 42.7%India1,571 · 18.3%United States1,443 · 16.8%Japan358 · 4.2%6 others listed1,551 · 18.1%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Cryptography and Data Security research?

By volume in 2022-now, Chinese Academy of Sciences publishes the most Cryptography and Data Security research, followed by Xidian University and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 156 works
  2. 2 Xidian UniversityChina 116 works
  3. 3 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 83 works
  4. 4 University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChina 76 works
  5. 5 Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChina 76 works
  6. 6 State Key Laboratory of CryptologyChina 63 works
  7. 7 Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 58 works
  8. 8 SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyIndia 55 works
  9. 9 Beihang UniversityChina 54 works
  10. 10 Beijing Institute of TechnologyChina 53 works

Who are the leading researchers in Cryptography and Data Security?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Cryptography and Data Security include John P. A. Ioannidis, Mark Gerstein and Li Fei-Fei.

  1. 1 John P. A. Ioannidis United States 317k citations
  2. 2 Mark Gerstein United States 250k citations
  3. 3 Li Fei-Fei United States 225k citations
  4. 4 Kai You Wang China 224k citations
  5. 5 Lei Jiang China 214k citations
  6. 6 Paul M. Thompson United States 196k citations
  7. 7 Michael I. Jordan United States 182k citations
  8. 8 Yuming Guo Australia 175k citations
  9. 9 H. Vincent Poor United States 165k citations
  10. 10 Francisco Herrera Spain 141k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Cryptography and Data Security?

The most cited paper in Cryptography and Data Security is "How to share a secret" (Adi Shamir, 1979), with 13,673 citations. Next come "A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems" (13,115) and "A public key cryptosystem and a signature scheme based on discrete logarithms" (8,095).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 How to share a secret Adi Shamir · Communications of the ACM Open access Nov 1979 13,673
2 A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems Ronald L. Rivest, Adi Shamir, Leonard M. Adleman · Communications of the ACM 1983 13,115
3 A public key cryptosystem and a signature scheme based on discrete logarithms Taher ElGamal · IEEE Transactions on Information Theory Jul 1985 8,095
4 Public-Key Cryptosystems Based on Composite Degree Residuosity Classes Pascal Paillier · Lecture notes in computer science Conference paper 10 Oct 2007 7,322
5 Calibrating Noise to Sensitivity in Private Data Analysis Cynthia Dwork, Frank McSherry, Kobbi Nissim et al. · Lecture notes in computer science Conference paper 2006 7,243
All 96 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Cryptography and Data Security research done?

The largest centres of Cryptography and Data Security research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Xi'an (China), Shanghai (China) and Guangzhou (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Wollongong and Saarbrücken.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 815 works
  2. 2 Xi'anChina 283 works
  3. 3 ShanghaiChina 230 works
  4. 4 GuangzhouChina 198 works
  5. 5 NanjingChina 188 works
  6. 6 ChennaiIndia 178 works
  7. 7 WuhanChina 153 works
  8. 8 TokyoJapan 153 works
  9. 9 ChengduChina 139 works
  10. 10 SeoulSouth Korea 132 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. WollongongAU · 32.3 works11×
  2. SaarbrückenDE · 34.3 works9.5×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Cryptography and Data Security than the world average.

See Cryptography and Data Security on the map

Where is the best place to study Cryptography and Data Security?

Among universities, judged by research, Singapore Management University, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and Nanyang Technological University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 21.49%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Singapore Management…Hong Kong University…Nanyang Technologica…Xidian University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Singapore Management UniversitySingapore 68.024.3%20.0×20 +23.5%
2Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyChina 66.218.9%7.7×30 +202.8%
3Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 64.717.2%6.0×45 +67.2%
4Xidian UniversityChina 64.313.0%16.9×116 +14.3%
5City University of Hong KongChina 63.321.0%4.0×22 +55.7%
6The University of Texas at AustinUnited States 60.827.9%2.5×20 +47.3%
7Thammasat UniversityThailand 60.234.8%5.4×9 +183.3%
8Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityChina 59.417.1%3.2×26 +84.5%
9Wuhan UniversityChina 59.217.8%3.6×48 +43.4%
10RMIT UniversityAustralia 58.322.9%4.0×14 +40.8%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Cryptography and Data Security, country by country

Is Cryptography and Data Security research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 30% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Cryptography and Data Security.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Cryptography and Data Security as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.044% in 2024.

still counting0.020%0.040%0.060%Cryptography and Data Security0.050% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Cryptography and Data Security over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Cryptography and Data Security9.7% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

Questions people ask

Who leads cryptography research?

By volume in 2022-now, Chinese Academy of Sciences publishes the most Cryptography and Data Security research, followed by Xidian University and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. By volume, China and India publish the most (3.7k and 1.6k works in 2022-now).

All 1,273 questions in the Question Catalogue

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