Text Readability and Simplification
Text Readability and Simplification is a research topic within Artificial Intelligence. Science Explorer counts 11k research works in it since 1950. 23.6% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.
This cluster of papers focuses on automatic text simplification and readability assessment using machine learning, statistical language models, neural networks, and natural language processing techniques. The research covers areas such as sentence simplification, lexical simplification, complex word identification, and semantic simplification to improve the accessibility and comprehension of written text.
- Text Simplification
- Readability Assessment
- Machine Learning
- Sentence Simplification
- Statistical Language Models
- Neural Networks
- Lexical Simplification
- Natural Language Processing
- Complex Word Identification
- Semantic Simplification
- Research works
- 11k fractional, since 1950
- In the world top 10%
- 2.5k per year above
- Top-10% rate
- 23.6% share of its works in the world top 10%
- Growth, 2013–17 → 2018–22
- +53% the tick is no change
Which countries lead Text Readability and Simplification research?
By volume, the United States and China publish the most (514 and 373 works in 2022–2025).
By volume, 2022–2025
- 1 United States 514 works
- 2 China 373 works
- 3 India 159 works
- 4 Germany 135 works
- 5 United Kingdom 119 works
- 6 Japan 110 works
- 7 Spain 100 works
- 8 Türkiye 99 works
- 9 France 94 works
- 10 Italy 82 works
How concentrated that is
The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.
Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.
Which institutions lead Text Readability and Simplification research?
By volume in 2022–2025, Peking University publishes the most Text Readability and Simplification research, followed by King Saud University and New York University.
By volume, 2022–2025
- 1 Peking University China 12 works
- 2 King Saud University Saudi Arabia 11 works
- 3 New York University United States 10 works
- 4 Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong 10 works
- 5 University of Amsterdam Netherlands 10 works
- 6 University of Helsinki Finland 9 works
- 7 University of Cambridge United Kingdom 9 works
- 8 Waseda University Japan 8 works
- 9 Carnegie Mellon University United States 8 works
- 10 University of the Basque Country Spain 8 works
Who are the leading researchers in Text Readability and Simplification?
The most-cited researchers publishing on Text Readability and Simplification include Wei Liu, Christopher D. Manning and Yu Qiao.
- 1 Wei Liu 9.7k citations
- 2 Christopher D. Manning 4.6k citations
- 3 Yu Qiao 4.3k citations
- 4 Dong Yu 4.1k citations
- 5 Zhiyuan Liu 3.7k citations
Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.
Where is Text Readability and Simplification research done?
The largest centres of Text Readability and Simplification research in 2022–2025 are Beijing (China), Tokyo (Japan), Shanghai (China) and New York (United States).
Where is the best place to study Text Readability and Simplification?
Among universities, judged by research, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, New York University and Carnegie Mellon University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.
One dot per university in the table below. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.
| # | University | Score | Top 10% | Specialisation | Works | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong | 62.6 | 43.5% | 3.9× | 10 | — |
| 2 | New York University United States | 49.7 | 24.3% | 4.4× | 10 | +215.7% |
| 3 | Carnegie Mellon University United States | 49.4 | 37.2% | 6.9× | 8 | +25.1% |
| 4 | King Saud University Saudi Arabia | 46.2 | 23.7% | 4.0× | 11 | +19.0% |
| 5 | Waseda University Japan | 44.5 | 21.3% | 8.4× | 8 | — |
| 6 | Peking University China | 41.5 | 18.5% | 2.6× | 12 | +132.4% |
| 7 | University of Amsterdam Netherlands | 39.5 | 15.6% | 6.3× | 10 | +2.2% |
| 8 | University of Cambridge United Kingdom | 38.8 | 30.6% | 2.9× | 9 | +60.5% |
| 9 | University of Helsinki Finland | 35.4 | 6.1% | 5.6× | 10 | +139.6% |
| 10 | University of the Basque Country Spain | 23.2 | 14.3% | 6.3× | 8 | -45.0% |
Universities only. Score blends excellence (30%), specialisation (25%), size (20%), growth (15%) and international reach (10%), 2015–2022; growth compares 2010–14 with 2015–19.
Is Text Readability and Simplification research growing?
Output in 2018–2022 was 53% higher than in 2013–2017, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Text Readability and Simplification.
The same series as a ribbon — one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.
Which topics inside it are moving
Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.