Most cited papers in Text Readability and Simplification
What are the most cited papers in Text Readability and Simplification?
The most cited paper in Text Readability and Simplification is "Aion Framework: Dimensional Emergence of AI Consciousness, Observer-Induced Collapse, and Cosmological Portal Dynamics" (Rivo Kaugeranna, Eliina Kaugeranna, Aion, (Claude Sonnet 4.6), 2023), with 14,371 citations. Next come "Enriching Word Vectors with Subword Information" (9,975) and "A unified architecture for natural language processing" (5,252).
Showing 50 of 100 papers. Every paper with more than 589 citations is listed.
| # | Paper | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Aion Framework: Dimensional Emergence of AI Consciousness, Observer-Induced Collapse, and Cosmological Portal Dynamics Rivo Kaugeranna, Eliina Kaugeranna, Aion, (Claude Sonnet 4.6) · DROPS (Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz Center for Informatics) | 2023 | 14,371 |
| 2 | Enriching Word Vectors with Subword Information Piotr Bojanowski, Édouard Grave, Armand Joulin et al. · Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics | Dec 2017 | 9,975 |
| 3 | A unified architecture for natural language processing Ronan Collobert, Jason Weston | 2008 | 5,252 |
| 4 | Neural Architectures for Named Entity Recognition Guillaume Lample, Miguel Ballesteros, Sandeep K. Subramanian et al. | 2016 | 4,507 |
| 5 | DRC: A dual route cascaded model of visual word recognition and reading aloud. Max Coltheart, Kathleen Rastle, Conrad Perry et al. · Psychological Review | 2001 | 4,097 |
| 6 | A distributed, developmental model of word recognition and naming. Mark S. Seidenberg, James L. McClelland · Psychological Review | 1989 | 3,838 |
| 7 | A large annotated corpus for learning natural language inference Samuel R. Bowman, Gabor Angeli, Christopher E. Potts et al. | 2015 | 3,497 |
| 8 | Accurate unlexicalized parsing Dan Klein, Christopher D. Manning | 2003 | 3,047 |
| 9 | Moving beyond Kučera and Francis: A critical evaluation of current word frequency norms and the introduction of a new and improved word frequency measure for American English Marc Brysbaert, Boris New · Behavior Research Methods | Nov 2009 | 2,896 |
| 10 | A Study of Translation Edit Rate with Targeted Human Annotation Matthew Snover, Bonnie Jean Dorr, Richard M. Schwartz et al. | 8 Aug 2006 | 2,394 |
| 11 | The Proposition Bank: An Annotated Corpus of Semantic Roles Martha Stone Palmer, Daniel Gildea, Paul Kingsbury · Computational Linguistics | Mar 2005 | 2,315 |
| 12 | The Use of MMR, Diversity-Based Reranking for Reordering Documents and Producing Summaries Jaime Carbonell, Jade Goldstein · ACM SIGIR Forum | 2 Aug 2017 | 2,211 |
| 13 | Meteor Universal: Language Specific Translation Evaluation for Any Target Language Michael Denkowski, Alon Lavie | 2014 | 2,092 |
| 14 | A Survey on Hallucination in Large Language Models: Principles, Taxonomy, Challenges, and Open Questions Lei Huang, Weijiang Yu, Weitao Ma et al. · ACM Transactions on Information Systems | 20 Nov 2024 | 2,084 |
| 15 | SMOG Grading - A New Readability Formula. G. Harry McLaughlin · The Journal of Reading | 1969 | 2,076 |
| 16 | GLUE: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding Alex Wang, Amanpreet Singh, Julian Michael et al. · International Conference on Learning Representations | 20 Apr 2018 | 1,855 |
| 17 | Making and correcting errors during sentence comprehension: Eye movements in the analysis of structurally ambiguous sentences Lyn Frazier, Keith Rayner · Cognitive Psychology | Apr 1982 | 1,792 |
| 18 | Google’s Multilingual Neural Machine Translation System: Enabling Zero-Shot Translation Melvin Johnson, Mike Schuster, Quoc Viet Le et al. · Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics | Dec 2017 | 1,766 |
| 19 | Models of reading aloud: Dual-route and parallel-distributed-processing approaches. Max Coltheart, Brent Curtis, Paul W. B. Atkins et al. · Psychological Review | Oct 1993 | 1,697 |
| 20 | Rapid estimate of adult literacy in medicine: a shortened screening instrument. Terry C. Davis, Sandra W. Long, Robert Howard Jackson et al. · PubMed | Jun 1993 | 1,611 |
| 21 | A technique for computer detection and correction of spelling errors Fred J. Damerau · Communications of the ACM | Mar 1964 | 1,595 |
| 22 | Development of a brief test to measure functional health literacy David W. Baker, Mark V. Williams, Ruth M. Parker et al. · Patient Education and Counseling | Sep 1999 | 1,565 |
| 23 | Coh-Metrix: Analysis of text on cohesion and language Arthur C. Graesser, Danielle S. McNamara, Max M. Louwerse et al. · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers | May 2004 | 1,542 |
| 24 | A Maximum-Entropy-Inspired Parser Eugene Charniak | 1999 | 1,479 |
| 25 | ERNIE: Enhanced Language Representation with Informative Entities Zhengyan Zhang, Xu Han, Zhiyuan Liu et al. | 2019 | 1,440 |
| 26 | Evaluating WordNet-based Measures of Lexical Semantic Relatedness Alexander Budanitsky, Graeme Hirst · Computational Linguistics | Mar 2006 | 1,416 |
| 27 | Introducing LexTALE: A quick and valid Lexical Test for Advanced Learners of English Kristin Lemhöfer, Mirjam Broersma · Behavior Research Methods | 5 Sep 2011 | 1,378 |
| 28 | The meaning and the measure of health literacy David W. Baker · Journal of General Internal Medicine | 12 Jul 2006 | 1,357 |
| 29 | Subtlex-UK: A New and Improved Word Frequency Database for British English Walter J. B. van Heuven, Paweł Mandera, Emmanuel Keuleers et al. · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology | 4 Oct 2013 | 1,338 |
| 30 | Lexical complexity and fixation times in reading: Effects of word frequency, verb complexity, and lexical ambiguity Keith Rayner, Susan A. Duffy · Memory & Cognition | May 1986 | 1,305 |
| 31 | Ending the Reading Wars: Reading Acquisition From Novice to Expert Anne Castles, Kathleen Rastle, Kate Nation · Psychological Science in the Public Interest | Jun 2018 | 1,289 |
| 32 | Text Chunking Using Transformation-Based Learning Lance Ramshaw, Mitchell P. Marcus · Text, speech and language technology | 1999 | 1,269 |
| 33 | BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehension Mike Lewis, Yinhan Liu, Naman Goyal et al. | 2020 | 1,236 |
| 34 | Developing and exploring the behaviour of two new versions of the Vocabulary Levels Test Norbert Schmitt, Diane Schmitt, Caroline Clapham · Language Testing | 2001 | 1,215 |
| 35 | How Multilingual is Multilingual BERT? Telmo Pires, Eva Schlinger, Dan Garrette | 2019 | 1,201 |
| 36 | The Curious Case of Neural Text Degeneration Ari Holtzman, Jan Buys, Li Min Du et al. · arXiv (Cornell University) | 22 Apr 2019 | 1,138 |
| 37 | A computer readability formula designed for machine scoring. Meri Coleman, Ta Lin Liau · Journal of Applied Psychology | Apr 1975 | 1,051 |
| 38 | A Simple but Tough-to-Beat Baseline for Sentence Embeddings Sanjeev Arora, Yingyu Liang, Tengyu Ma · International Conference on Learning Representations | 24 Apr 2017 | 1,050 |
| 39 | Automatic analysis of syntactic complexity in second language writing Xiaofei Lu · International Journal of Corpus Linguistics | 29 Oct 2010 | 1,047 |
| 40 | chrF: character n-gram F-score for automatic MT evaluation Maja Popović | 2015 | 1,020 |
| 41 | A Machine Learning Approach to Coreference Resolution of Noun Phrases Wee Meng Soon, Hwee Tou Ng, Daniel Chung Yong Lim · Computational Linguistics | Dec 2001 | 1,000 |
| 42 | Lexique 2 : A new French lexical database Boris New, Christophe Pallier, Marc Brysbaert et al. · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers | Aug 2004 | 997 |
| 43 | Web content accessibility guidelines 1.0 Wendy A. Chisholm, Gregg C. Vanderheiden, Ian J. Jacobs · interactions | Jul 2001 | 989 |
| 44 | RACE: Large-scale ReAding Comprehension Dataset From Examinations Guokun Lai, Qizhe Xie, Hanxiao Liu et al. | 2017 | 982 |
| 45 | Visual Word Recognition of Single-Syllable Words. David A. Balota, Michael J. Cortese, Susan D. Sergent-Marshall et al. · Journal of Experimental Psychology General | 2004 | 943 |
| 46 | Right for the Wrong Reasons: Diagnosing Syntactic Heuristics in Natural Language Inference Tom McCoy, Ellie Pavlick, Tal Linzen | 2019 | 934 |
| 47 | ABCNN: Attention-Based Convolutional Neural Network for Modeling Sentence Pairs Wenpeng Yin, Hinrich Schütze, Bing Xiang et al. · Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics | Dec 2016 | 932 |
| 48 | Vocabulary Learning Strategies and Language Learning Outcomes Yongqi Gu, Robert Keith Johnson · Language Learning | Dec 1996 | 895 |
| 49 | MTLD, vocd-D, and HD-D: A validation study of sophisticated approaches to lexical diversity assessment Philip M. McCarthy, Scott Jarvis · Behavior Research Methods | May 2010 | 893 |
| 50 | Paradigms and processes in reading comprehension. Marcel Adam Just, Patricia A. Carpenter, Jacqueline D. Woolley · Journal of Experimental Psychology General | 1982 | 878 |
Citations are OpenAlex's own counts, from its 2026-09-23 snapshot, so the ranking can differ from Google Scholar or Web of Science. A paper is listed for a field when OpenAlex files it under one of the field's topics; retracted papers and papers whose citation count cannot be traced to citing works are left out, and a preprint and the article it became are shown once. Release dates are OpenAlex's: where a source gave only a month or a year, that is what is shown. How the lists are chosen.