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Subfield · Agricultural and Biological Sciences

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences research

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences is a subfield of Agricultural and Biological Sciences. Science Explorer counts 303k research works in it since 1950. 15.0% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

In short: cultivation of plants and animals to provide useful products.

Research works
303k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
45k
per year above
Top-10% rate
15.0%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Topics
20
Growth, 2013–17 → 2018–22
+104%
the tick is no change

What is General Agricultural and Biological Sciences research about, and what is growing?

By the world's output in 2019–23, its most used keywords are Food Security, Sustainability, Agriculture, Rural Development, Smallholder Farmers, Climate Change Adaptation. Gaining share since 2009–13: Agricultural Entrepreneurship, Sustainable Farming Practices, Gender Perspective, Sustainable Development, Agricultural Sustainability. Losing share: Rural Communities, Organic Farming, Soil Management, Agroecology.

▲ gaining share of this field◆ holding its share▼ losing share

Size is the world's fractional works in 2019–23 in the topics tagged with each word; colour compares the word's share of this field with 2009–13. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Food Security51k▲ 1.31×10 topics
  2. Sustainability37k▲ 1.20×7 topics
  3. Agriculture37k▲ 1.79×6 topics
  4. Rural Development27k▼ 0.78×6 topics
  5. Smallholder Farmers26k◆ 1.12×3 topics
  6. Climate Change Adaptation19k◆ 0.90×3 topics
  7. Technology Adoption18k▲ 1.36×3 topics
  8. Sustainable Agriculture18k▼ 0.55×3 topics
  9. Environmental Impact17k▼ 0.79×5 topics
  10. Community Empowerment14k◆ 0.92×3 topics
  11. Economic Development14k▲ 3.2×1 topic
  12. Supply Chain Management14k▲ 3.2×1 topic
  13. Agricultural Research13k▲ 1.58×2 topics
  14. Biodiversity13k▼ 0.56×3 topics
  15. Policy11k▲ 1.21×2 topics
  16. Agroecology11k▼ 0.49×2 topics
  17. Agricultural Innovation10k◆ 0.89×2 topics
  18. Agricultural Entrepreneurship9,956▲ 6.3×1 topic
  19. Sustainable Farming Practices9,956▲ 6.3×1 topic
  20. Innovation9,904◆ 1.08×3 topics
  21. Plant Secondary Metabolites9,501▲ 3.0×1 topic
  22. sorghum9,501▲ 3.0×1 topic
  23. Climate Change9,207◆ 1.06×2 topics
  24. Development8,201▲ 1.31×1 topic
  25. Production8,201▲ 1.31×1 topic
  26. Crop Productivity7,550▲ 1.40×1 topic
  27. Plant Genetics7,550▲ 1.40×1 topic
  28. Livelihood Diversification7,162▼ 0.68×1 topic
  29. Market Participation7,162▼ 0.68×1 topic
  30. Smallholder Farming6,862▲ 2.4×2 topics
  31. Sustainable Development6,813▲ 3.9×3 topics
  32. Rural Communities6,554▼ 0.40×2 topics
  33. Globalization6,543▼ 0.59×2 topics
  34. Organic Farming5,548▼ 0.40×1 topic
  35. Soil Management5,548▼ 0.40×1 topic
  36. Food Sovereignty5,537▼ 0.64×1 topic
  37. Land Grabbing5,537▼ 0.64×1 topic
  38. Agricultural Sustainability5,526▲ 3.9×1 topic
  39. Developing Countries5,526▲ 3.9×1 topic
  40. Gender Perspective5,407▲ 6.1×1 topic

Which countries lead General Agricultural and Biological Sciences research?

On research quality in 2022–2025, China, the United States and India rank highest in General Agricultural and Biological Sciences. By volume, Indonesia and India publish the most (44k and 8.2k works in 2022–2025).

By research quality, 2022–2025

  1. 1 China · #3 all time 42.5% top 10% · 2.4k works
  2. 2 United States · #1 all time 18.8% top 10% · 5.4k works
  3. 3 India · #7 all time 10.3% top 10% · 8.2k works
  4. 4 Indonesia · #9 all time 4.2% top 10% · 44k works
  5. 5 Germany · #4 all time 32.9% top 10% · 989 works
  6. 6 United Kingdom · #2 all time 30.4% top 10% · 1.1k works
  7. 7 Italy · #10 all time 32.8% top 10% · 624 works
  8. 8 Spain · #12 all time 21.2% top 10% · 1.1k works
  9. 9 South Africa · #14 all time 37.9% top 10% · 514 works
  10. 10 Ethiopia · #18 all time 38.1% top 10% · 592 works

The track on each row is that row’s top-10% rate. The ranking itself is the composite score, which the rate is only one part of.

Of 48 countries ranked in General Agricultural and Biological Sciences. Composite of field-normalised excellence (50%), output (30%) and citations (20%); the bracket is the all-time rank.

All countries ranked in General Agricultural and Biological Sciences

By volume, 2022–2025

  1. 1 Indonesia 44k works
  2. 2 India 8.2k works
  3. 3 United States 5.4k works
  4. 4 Ukraine 2.9k works
  5. 5 Russia 2.9k works
  6. 6 China 2.4k works
  7. 7 Mexico 2.3k works
  8. 8 ?? 1.6k works
  9. 9 Brazil 1.2k works
  10. 10 United Kingdom 1.1k works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

Indonesia: 61.2%India: 11.4%United States: 7.5%Ukraine: 4.0%6 others listed: 15.9%61%largest
Indonesia44k · 61.2%India8,175 · 11.4%United States5,395 · 7.5%Ukraine2,912 · 4.0%6 others listed11k · 15.9%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead General Agricultural and Biological Sciences research?

Wageningen University & Research (Netherlands) ranks first in General Agricultural and Biological Sciences on research quality in 2022–2025, followed by IPB University and China Agricultural University.

By research quality, 2022–2025

  1. 1 Wageningen University & Research Netherlands · Wageningen · #1 all time 52.7% top 10% · 147 works
  2. 2 IPB University Indonesia · Bogor · #32 all time 9.9% top 10% · 812 works
  3. 3 China Agricultural University China · Beijing · #33 all time 48.1% top 10% · 64 works
  4. 4 Sebelas Maret University Indonesia · Surakarta · #64 all time 7.5% top 10% · 628 works
  5. 5 Padjadjaran University Indonesia · Bandung · #46 all time 6.3% top 10% · 705 works
  6. 6 Universitas Gadjah Mada Indonesia · Yogyakarta · #53 all time 10.6% top 10% · 457 works
  7. 7 National Research and Innovation Agency Indonesia · Jakarta 16.0% top 10% · 269 works
  8. 8 University of Brawijaya Indonesia · Malang · #78 all time 7.3% top 10% · 644 works
  9. 9 University of Mataram Indonesia · Mataram 3.8% top 10% · 880 works
  10. 10 Lampung University Indonesia · Bandar Lampung · #95 all time 4.7% top 10% · 621 works

The track on each row is that row’s top-10% rate. The ranking itself is the composite score, which the rate is only one part of.

Of 247 institutions above the floor of 40 fractional works in General Agricultural and Biological Sciences.

Top 100 General Agricultural and Biological Sciences institutions

By volume, 2022–2025

  1. 1 University of MataramIndonesia 880 works
  2. 2 IPB UniversityIndonesia 812 works
  3. 3 University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa TimurIndonesia 742 works
  4. 4 Padjadjaran UniversityIndonesia 705 works
  5. 5 Universitas JemberIndonesia 646 works
  6. 6 University of BrawijayaIndonesia 644 works
  7. 7 Sebelas Maret UniversityIndonesia 628 works
  8. 8 Lampung UniversityIndonesia 621 works
  9. 9 Lambung Mangkurat UniversityIndonesia 585 works
  10. 10 State University of PadangIndonesia 539 works

Who are the leading researchers in General Agricultural and Biological Sciences?

Among the most productive authors in General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Michael E. Porter, Juan Ramón De La Fuente and David Harvey rank highest on the composite score.

  1. 1 Michael E. Porter United States · #19 worldwide 4.7k citations · 226 works
  2. 2 Juan Ramón De La Fuente Mexico · #61 worldwide 1.5k citations · 228 works
  3. 3 David Harvey United Kingdom · #340 worldwide 2k citations · 112 works
  4. 4 Linda Darling‐Hammond United States · #370 worldwide 2.4k citations · 137 works
  5. 5 W. Neil Adger United Kingdom · #934 worldwide 3.7k citations · 100 works
  6. 6 Nigel Thrift United Kingdom · #963 worldwide 1.2k citations · 105 works
  7. 7 Richard Levins United States · #1,921 worldwide 2.3k citations · 77 works
  8. 8 John Sutton Australia · #1,956 worldwide 1.5k citations · 134 works
  9. 9 Philip Kotler United States · #2,480 worldwide 967 citations · 120 works
  10. 10 Mark R. Rosenzweig United States · #2,521 worldwide 2.1k citations · 158 works

Re-ranked on the composite score from the 4,309 highest-output authors in General Agricultural and Biological Sciences. Identities come from OpenAlex author disambiguation, which occasionally merges or splits people.

Top 100 General Agricultural and Biological Sciences researchers

Where is General Agricultural and Biological Sciences research done?

The largest centres of General Agricultural and Biological Sciences research in 2022–2025 are Jakarta (Indonesia), Surabaya (Indonesia), Makassar (Indonesia) and Medan (Indonesia). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Manizales, Unaaha and Lobnya.

Largest cities, 2022–2025

  1. 1 Jakarta Indonesia 3.7k works
  2. 2 Surabaya Indonesia 2.3k works
  3. 3 Makassar Indonesia 2.2k works
  4. 4 Medan Indonesia 2.1k works
  5. 5 Bandung Indonesia 2.1k works
  6. 6 Semarang Indonesia 1.7k works
  7. 7 Malang Indonesia 1.7k works
  8. 8 Bogor Indonesia 1.5k works
  9. 9 Yogyakarta Indonesia 1.4k works
  10. 10 Padang Indonesia 1.3k works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. Manizales31.3 works40×
  2. UnaahaID · 39.1 works35×
  3. LobnyaRU · 33.1 works35×
  4. Kupang46.2 works33×
  5. Bila TserkvaUA · 90.6 works32×
  6. Tingo MaríaPE · 26.2 works31×
  7. MontecilloMX · 197.9 works26×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in General Agricultural and Biological Sciences than the world average.

See General Agricultural and Biological Sciences on the map

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences research by country

The best places for General Agricultural and Biological Sciences research inside each country, with that country's researchers and world standing.

Where is the best place to study General Agricultural and Biological Sciences?

Among universities, judged by research, IPB University, University of Mataram and Padjadjaran University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%mean 7.46%fractional works in this node (log) →share in the world top 10% →IPB University: 812, 9.9%University of Mataram: 880, 3.8%Padjadjaran University: 705, 6.3%University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur: 742, 3.7%Universitas Jember: 646, 4.6%Vinnytsia National Agrarian University: 213, 18.4%Lampung University: 621, 4.7%Lambung Mangkurat University: 585, 2.8%National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine: 166, 15.2%Andalas University: 454, 5.2%IPB UniversityPadjadjaran UniversityUniversity of MataramUniversity of Pemban…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the table below. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1 IPB UniversityIndonesia 65.59.9%15.7×812 +304.5%
2 University of MataramIndonesia 62.13.8%11.8×880 +826.6%
3 Padjadjaran UniversityIndonesia 61.06.3%9.3×705 +989.6%
4 University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa TimurIndonesia 60.73.7%12.0×742 +1241.2%
5 Universitas JemberIndonesia 60.74.6%12.4×646 +1136.5%
6 Vinnytsia National Agrarian UniversityUkraine 60.518.4%37.1×213 +3824.4%
7 Lampung UniversityIndonesia 60.34.7%12.3×621 +199.2%
8 Lambung Mangkurat UniversityIndonesia 59.12.8%13.1×585 +957.6%
9 National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of UkraineUkraine 58.815.2%16.4×166 +450.7%
10 Andalas UniversityIndonesia 58.55.2%9.8×454 +435.5%

Universities only. Score blends excellence (30%), specialisation (25%), size (20%), growth (15%) and international reach (10%), 2015–2022; growth compares 2010–14 with 2015–19.

Is General Agricultural and Biological Sciences research growing?

Output in 2018–2022 was 104% higher than in 2013–2017, peaking in 2024. The fastest-growing topics are Agricultural Development and Management, Agriculture and Agroindustry Studies and Food Security and Socioeconomic Dynamics.

19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon — one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

  1. Agricultural Development and Management+2990%
  2. Agriculture and Agroindustry Studies+2192%
  3. Food Security and Socioeconomic Dynamics+2161%
  4. Natural Products and Applications+2012%
  5. Agriculture Market Analysis Ukraine+1847%
  6. Agricultural Research and Practices+1407%
← shrinkingno changegrowing →

Growth in output from 2005–09 to 2015–19. Every topic is a page of its own.

What does General Agricultural and Biological Sciences include?

Agriculture and Agroindu…32kAgriculture and Agroindustry Studies: 32k fractional worksDiverse Educational Inno…24kDiverse Educational Innovations Studies: 24k fractional worksAgricultural Innovations and Practices: 24k fractional worksPlant and soil sciences: 24k fractional worksAgricultural Economics and Practices: 22k fractional worksRural development and sustainability: 20k fractional worksAgriculture, Land Use, Rural Development: 19k fractional worksAgriculture and Biological Studies: 18k fractional worksNatural Products and Applications: 18k fractional worksAgricultural Economics and Policy: 18k fractional worksAgricultural Development and Management: 17k fractional worksAgricultural Research and Practices: 12k fractional works

Area is fractional works in that topic. Every name below is a page of its own.