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Egypt vs Libya

On research quality in 2022-now, Egypt ranks #70 in the world and Libya #188, of 189 countries. Egypt stands higher in 26 of the 26 fields both publish in, Libya in 0.

Research profiles alike: 0.74very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Egypt

World rank, 2022-now
#70
#67 all time
Works, 2022-now
169k
fractional
Top-10% rate
9.2%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
56%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Leadership and Management, Orthodontics, Oral Surgery.

Libya

World rank, 2022-now
#188
#201 all time
Works, 2022-now
6.9k
fractional
Top-10% rate
3.6%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
70%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: General Dentistry, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Drug Discovery.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Egypt leads on 5 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate and citations per work. Libya leads on 3 of 9 measures: open access, international co-authorship and growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Egypt 51 level3 Libya
  1. #70Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#188
  2. 0.87×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.35×
  3. 169kOutputfractional works, 2022-now6.9k
  4. 9.2%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited3.6%
  5. 12.0Citations per workall time, per fractional work5.5
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 56%Open accessof its works free to read, all time70%
  8. 23%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time27%
  9. +20%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+79%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Egypt stands higher in 26 of 26 fields, Libya in 0. Egypt leads most in Engineering (#39 against #125). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Egypt 260 Libya
  1. #64Agricultural and Biological Sciences#123
  2. #90Arts and Humanities-
  3. #46Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#104
  4. #88Business, Management and Accounting-
  5. #33Chemical Engineering-
  6. #39Chemistry-
  7. #50Computer Science#126
  8. #60Decision Sciences-
  9. #45Dentistry#61
  10. #46Earth and Planetary Sciences-
  11. #101Economics, Econometrics and Finance-
  12. #28Energy-
  13. #39Engineering#125
  14. #55Environmental Science#121
  15. #81Health Professions-
  16. #51Immunology and Microbiology-
  17. #44Materials Science-
  18. #50Mathematics-
  19. #77Medicine#152
  20. #56Neuroscience-
  21. #55Nursing-
  22. #29Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-
  23. #51Physics and Astronomy-
  24. #87Psychology-
  25. #126Social Sciences#147
  26. #26Veterinary-

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Egypt rankLibya rank Egypt top 10%Libya top 10% Egypt worksLibya works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #64 #123 10.3% 2.9% 16k 477
Arts and Humanities #90 - 7.2% - 2.9k -
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #46 #104 8.7% 2.3% 11k 277
Business, Management and Accounting #88 - 11.3% - 2.7k -
Chemical Engineering #33 - 10.2% - 522 -
Chemistry #39 - 16.9% - 5.2k -
Computer Science #50 #126 13.1% 3.4% 8.1k 549
Decision Sciences #60 - 10.8% - 1.2k -
Dentistry #45 #61 8.1% 1.1% 3.2k 208
Earth and Planetary Sciences #46 - 11.6% - 2k -
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #101 - 8.4% - 1.4k -
Energy #28 - 14.3% - 2.2k -
Engineering #39 #125 11.9% 3.9% 24k 1.1k
Environmental Science #55 #121 10.7% 3.8% 7.3k 329
Health Professions #81 - 8.0% - 3.5k -
Immunology and Microbiology #51 - 8.4% - 2.5k -
Materials Science #44 - 12.3% - 7.7k -
Mathematics #50 - 16.6% - 1.8k -
Medicine #77 #152 5.4% 2.3% 49k 1.6k
Neuroscience #56 - 7.2% - 2.1k -
Nursing #55 - 6.0% - 2k -
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics #29 - 13.0% - 1.7k -
Physics and Astronomy #51 - 11.5% - 2k -
Psychology #87 - 7.0% - 3.2k -
Social Sciences #126 #147 8.1% 6.5% 6.4k 640
Veterinary #26 - 10.6% - 386 -

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Egypt

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology10k▲ 1.41×140 topics
  2. Inflammation7,132▲ 1.82×83 topics
  3. Oxidative Stress5,746▲ 1.89×63 topics
  4. Machine Learning5,279▼ 0.86×97 topics
  5. Deep Learning4,737▼ 0.74×84 topics
  6. Quality of Life4,412▲ 1.65×60 topics
  7. Cancer4,272▲ 1.72×59 topics
  8. Antioxidant4,237▲ 3.3×51 topics
  9. Environmental Impact4,065▲ 1.29×74 topics
  10. Climate Change3,926▼ 0.78×125 topics
  11. Nanoparticles3,816▲ 1.64×44 topics
  12. Nanomaterials3,688▲ 1.91×21 topics
  13. Biomedical Applications3,465▲ 1.59×36 topics
  14. Treatment3,254▲ 1.45×52 topics
  15. Cardiovascular Disease3,010▲ 1.43×39 topics
  16. Renewable Energy2,916◆ 1.09×61 topics
  17. Antioxidant Activity2,817▲ 2.5×32 topics
  18. Metabolic Syndrome2,771▲ 1.85×24 topics
  19. Toxicity2,491▲ 3.1×20 topics
  20. Diagnosis2,379▲ 1.38×41 topics
  21. Nanocomposites2,364▲ 1.62×22 topics
  22. Antioxidants2,230▲ 2.7×17 topics
  23. Antimicrobial2,172▲ 4.2×14 topics
  24. Tissue Engineering2,123▲ 1.89×13 topics
  25. Clinical Trials2,115▲ 1.72×19 topics
  26. Diabetes2,108▲ 2.3×22 topics
  27. Insulin Resistance2,079▲ 2.5×10 topics
  28. Immune Response2,025▲ 1.93×23 topics
  29. Synthesis2,008▲ 2.9×37 topics
  30. Complications1,857▲ 2.0×17 topics
  31. Anti-inflammatory1,812▲ 3.5×29 topics
  32. Self-Efficacy1,717▲ 3.6×11 topics
  33. Gut Microbiota1,668▲ 2.6×7 topics
  34. Anticancer Agents1,605▲ 5.8×12 topics
  35. Medicinal Chemistry1,560▲ 3.1×13 topics
  36. Wound Healing1,529▲ 3.1×12 topics
  37. Bioactive Compounds1,505▲ 3.3×15 topics
  38. Green Synthesis1,336▲ 3.8×5 topics
  39. Antimicrobial Activity1,271▲ 4.2×9 topics
  40. Heterocyclic Compounds1,089▲ 7.0×6 topics

Libya

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology484▲ 1.44×134 topics
  2. Machine Learning381▲ 1.35×92 topics
  3. Deep Learning291◆ 1.00×77 topics
  4. Inflammation220▲ 1.23×83 topics
  5. Renewable Energy207▲ 1.69×49 topics
  6. Environmental Impact185▲ 1.28×57 topics
  7. Oxidative Stress171▲ 1.23×60 topics
  8. Cardiovascular Disease162▲ 1.68×38 topics
  9. COVID-19158▲ 1.43×30 topics
  10. Quality of Life157▲ 1.29×49 topics
  11. Antioxidant145▲ 2.5×50 topics
  12. Antioxidant Activity143▲ 2.7×32 topics
  13. Metabolic Syndrome126▲ 1.84×23 topics
  14. Culture109▲ 2.5×11 topics
  15. Literature108▲ 2.3×16 topics
  16. Islam103▲ 5.9×5 topics
  17. Diabetes103▲ 2.4×21 topics
  18. Ethnicity103▲ 3.3×8 topics
  19. Philosophy101▲ 2.7×8 topics
  20. Medicinal Plants101▲ 3.1×19 topics
  21. Science100▲ 4.8×5 topics
  22. Social Influence99▲ 5.6×3 topics
  23. Sharia Law98▲ 8.1×2 topics
  24. Malay Language98▲ 8.2×1 topic
  25. Prevention94▲ 2.6×16 topics
  26. Language Teaching93▲ 4.1×8 topics
  27. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles88▲ 5.5×4 topics
  28. Legal Regulation87▲ 4.6×8 topics
  29. Design86▲ 6.2×5 topics
  30. Strategic Planning86▲ 6.9×3 topics
  31. Economic Security85▲ 4.8×5 topics
  32. Modernization83▲ 5.4×2 topics
  33. Public Oversight83▲ 8.0×1 topic
  34. Transport Policy83▲ 8.0×1 topic
  35. Foresight82▲ 7.5×2 topics
  36. Air Force82▲ 8.2×1 topic
  37. Warfare82▲ 8.2×1 topic
  38. Infection Control55▲ 7.8×2 topics
  39. Corrective Feedback55▲ 8.7×1 topic
  40. L2 Motivation55▲ 8.7×1 topic

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Egypt has out-published Libya every year since 1980.

still counting20k40k60kEgypt40k in 2025Libya2,616 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.50%1.0%Egypt0.68% in 2025Libya0.044% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Egypt10.7% in 2025Libya3.3% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Egypt 05 level0 Libya
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Egypt or Libya?

Egypt publishes 24.5× as much research as Libya in 2022-now (169k against 6.9k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Egypt or Libya?

9.2% of Egypt's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 3.6% for Libya.

Is Egypt or Libya growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +79% against 2018-21 for Libya, and +20% for Egypt.

Which has more open access research, Egypt or Libya?

70% of Libya's research is free to read, against 56% of Egypt's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Egypt or Libya?

Egypt holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Libya 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Egypt

  1. 1Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport12.5% top 10% · 1.5k works
  2. 2Higher Institute of Engineering13.7% top 10% · 1.4k works
  3. 3British University in Egypt10.1% top 10% · 1.4k works
  4. 4American University in Cairo10.6% top 10% · 1.5k works
  5. 5Kafrelsheikh University16.1% top 10% · 2.4k works
  6. 6Helwan University8.1% top 10% · 4.3k works

Libya

  1. 1Al Zawiya University5.6% top 10% · 616 works
  2. 2Misurata University3.6% top 10% · 557 works
  3. 3University Elmergib4.1% top 10% · 366 works
  4. 4Libyan Academy5.6% top 10% · 359 works
  5. 5Omar Al-Mukhtar University2.9% top 10% · 625 works
  6. 6Sebha University3.9% top 10% · 458 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Egypt

  1. 1 Mohamed Abdel‐Basset #3,651 worldwide 17k citations · 391 works
  2. 2 Swellam Wafa Sharshir #4,091 worldwide 16k citations · 243 works
  3. 3 Foad Abd-Allah #8,448 worldwide 187k citations · 173 works
  4. 4 Ahmed I Hasaballah #8,671 worldwide 74k citations · 126 works
  5. 5 Ibrahim Saad Agwa #10,278 worldwide 5.2k citations · 89 works

Libya

  1. 1 Muhammed Elhadi #5,131 worldwide 74k citations · 402 works
  2. 2 Ali Meftah Gerged #84,887 worldwide 3.5k citations · 89 works
  3. 3 Ibrahim Ahmed Badi #145,525 worldwide 2.3k citations · 100 works
  4. 4 Yasser Fathi Nassar #226,826 worldwide 4.4k citations · 136 works
  5. 5 Rabia Emhamed Al Mamlook #245,678 worldwide 2.3k citations · 88 works