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Egypt vs Latvia

On research quality in 2022-now, Egypt ranks #70 in the world and Latvia #71, of 189 countries. Egypt stands higher in 19 of the 26 fields both publish in, Latvia in 7.

Research profiles alike: -0.39different shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Egypt

World rank, 2022-now
#70
#67 all time
Works, 2022-now
169k
fractional
Top-10% rate
9.2%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
56%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Leadership and Management, Orthodontics, Oral Surgery.

Latvia

World rank, 2022-now
#71
#97 all time
Works, 2022-now
13k
fractional
Top-10% rate
6.8%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
57%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: General Energy, Political Science and International Relations, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Egypt leads on 6 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate, citations per work and growth. Latvia leads on 1 of 9 measures: international co-authorship. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100 and open access.

Egypt 62 level1 Latvia
  1. #70Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#71
  2. 0.87×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.66×
  3. 169kOutputfractional works, 2022-now13k
  4. 9.2%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited6.8%
  5. 12.0Citations per workall time, per fractional work9.4
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 56%Open accessof its works free to read, all time57%
  8. 23%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time30%
  9. +20%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+3%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Egypt stands higher in 19 of 26 fields, Latvia in 7. Egypt leads most in Environmental Science (#55 against #90); Latvia leads most in Social Sciences (#81 against #126). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Egypt 197 Latvia
  1. #64Agricultural and Biological Sciences#75
  2. #90Arts and Humanities#61
  3. #46Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#71
  4. #88Business, Management and Accounting#65
  5. #33Chemical Engineering-
  6. #39Chemistry-
  7. #50Computer Science#68
  8. #60Decision Sciences-
  9. #45Dentistry-
  10. #46Earth and Planetary Sciences-
  11. #101Economics, Econometrics and Finance#72
  12. #28Energy-
  13. #39Engineering#68
  14. #55Environmental Science#90
  15. #81Health Professions#77
  16. #51Immunology and Microbiology-
  17. #44Materials Science#61
  18. #50Mathematics-
  19. #77Medicine#71
  20. #56Neuroscience-
  21. #55Nursing-
  22. #29Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-
  23. #51Physics and Astronomy-
  24. #87Psychology#72
  25. #126Social Sciences#81
  26. #26Veterinary-

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Egypt rankLatvia rank Egypt top 10%Latvia top 10% Egypt worksLatvia works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #64 #75 10.3% 7.0% 16k 829
Arts and Humanities #90 #61 7.2% 8.9% 2.9k 458
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #46 #71 8.7% 5.3% 11k 487
Business, Management and Accounting #88 #65 11.3% 8.1% 2.7k 924
Chemical Engineering #33 - 10.2% - 522 -
Chemistry #39 - 16.9% - 5.2k -
Computer Science #50 #68 13.1% 6.9% 8.1k 828
Decision Sciences #60 - 10.8% - 1.2k -
Dentistry #45 - 8.1% - 3.2k -
Earth and Planetary Sciences #46 - 11.6% - 2k -
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #101 #72 8.4% 7.6% 1.4k 626
Energy #28 - 14.3% - 2.2k -
Engineering #39 #68 11.9% 5.4% 24k 1.9k
Environmental Science #55 #90 10.7% 5.3% 7.3k 863
Health Professions #81 #77 8.0% 9.1% 3.5k 265
Immunology and Microbiology #51 - 8.4% - 2.5k -
Materials Science #44 #61 12.3% 4.8% 7.7k 451
Mathematics #50 - 16.6% - 1.8k -
Medicine #77 #71 5.4% 7.8% 49k 1.4k
Neuroscience #56 - 7.2% - 2.1k -
Nursing #55 - 6.0% - 2k -
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics #29 - 13.0% - 1.7k -
Physics and Astronomy #51 - 11.5% - 2k -
Psychology #87 #72 7.0% 6.2% 3.2k 393
Social Sciences #126 #81 8.1% 7.7% 6.4k 2.4k
Veterinary #26 - 10.6% - 386 -

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Egypt

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology10k▲ 1.41×140 topics
  2. Inflammation7,132▲ 1.82×83 topics
  3. Oxidative Stress5,746▲ 1.89×63 topics
  4. Machine Learning5,279▼ 0.86×97 topics
  5. Deep Learning4,737▼ 0.74×84 topics
  6. Quality of Life4,412▲ 1.65×60 topics
  7. Cancer4,272▲ 1.72×59 topics
  8. Antioxidant4,237▲ 3.3×51 topics
  9. Environmental Impact4,065▲ 1.29×74 topics
  10. Climate Change3,926▼ 0.78×125 topics
  11. Nanoparticles3,816▲ 1.64×44 topics
  12. Nanomaterials3,688▲ 1.91×21 topics
  13. Biomedical Applications3,465▲ 1.59×36 topics
  14. Treatment3,254▲ 1.45×52 topics
  15. Cardiovascular Disease3,010▲ 1.43×39 topics
  16. Renewable Energy2,916◆ 1.09×61 topics
  17. Antioxidant Activity2,817▲ 2.5×32 topics
  18. Metabolic Syndrome2,771▲ 1.85×24 topics
  19. Toxicity2,491▲ 3.1×20 topics
  20. Diagnosis2,379▲ 1.38×41 topics
  21. Nanocomposites2,364▲ 1.62×22 topics
  22. Antioxidants2,230▲ 2.7×17 topics
  23. Antimicrobial2,172▲ 4.2×14 topics
  24. Tissue Engineering2,123▲ 1.89×13 topics
  25. Clinical Trials2,115▲ 1.72×19 topics
  26. Diabetes2,108▲ 2.3×22 topics
  27. Insulin Resistance2,079▲ 2.5×10 topics
  28. Immune Response2,025▲ 1.93×23 topics
  29. Synthesis2,008▲ 2.9×37 topics
  30. Complications1,857▲ 2.0×17 topics
  31. Anti-inflammatory1,812▲ 3.5×29 topics
  32. Self-Efficacy1,717▲ 3.6×11 topics
  33. Gut Microbiota1,668▲ 2.6×7 topics
  34. Anticancer Agents1,605▲ 5.8×12 topics
  35. Medicinal Chemistry1,560▲ 3.1×13 topics
  36. Wound Healing1,529▲ 3.1×12 topics
  37. Bioactive Compounds1,505▲ 3.3×15 topics
  38. Green Synthesis1,336▲ 3.8×5 topics
  39. Antimicrobial Activity1,271▲ 4.2×9 topics
  40. Heterocyclic Compounds1,089▲ 7.0×6 topics

Latvia

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Sustainability717▲ 2.0×112 topics
  2. Sustainable Development539▲ 2.3×96 topics
  3. Climate Change538▲ 1.35×116 topics
  4. Human Rights509▲ 3.4×76 topics
  5. Globalization452▲ 1.56×140 topics
  6. Renewable Energy451▲ 2.1×56 topics
  7. Environmental Impact389▲ 1.55×69 topics
  8. Artificial Intelligence388▲ 1.85×60 topics
  9. Machine Learning385▼ 0.79×87 topics
  10. Innovation379▲ 2.5×75 topics
  11. Epidemiology361▼ 0.62×133 topics
  12. Energy Efficiency304▲ 2.2×43 topics
  13. Economic Development288▲ 2.5×46 topics
  14. Education281◆ 1.11×120 topics
  15. Supply Chain Management260▲ 1.97×24 topics
  16. Environmental Management254▲ 4.2×19 topics
  17. Economic Growth238▲ 1.99×33 topics
  18. Big Data228▲ 1.62×31 topics
  19. International Law208▲ 4.5×31 topics
  20. Corporate Governance206▲ 1.90×28 topics
  21. Social Capital203▲ 2.7×18 topics
  22. European Union198▲ 6.0×25 topics
  23. International Relations187▲ 5.2×25 topics
  24. Digital Transformation182▲ 2.3×28 topics
  25. Entrepreneurship176▲ 3.0×21 topics
  26. European Integration149▲ 18×5 topics
  27. Legal Regulation137▲ 4.2×8 topics
  28. Global Governance136▲ 3.9×25 topics
  29. Criminal Justice135▲ 4.1×8 topics
  30. Soviet Union129▲ 16×3 topics
  31. Diplomacy127▲ 9.3×7 topics
  32. Life Cycle Assessment122▲ 3.0×8 topics
  33. Eastern Europe118▲ 15×3 topics
  34. Cold War118▲ 13×5 topics
  35. Cultural Integration114▲ 3.6×3 topics
  36. Postcolonial Theory108▲ 28×3 topics
  37. Australia106▲ 45×1 topic
  38. Resource Efficiency100▲ 5.0×3 topics
  39. Financial Security98▲ 6.3×3 topics
  40. Environmental Protection93▲ 13×10 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Egypt has out-published Latvia every year since 1980.

still counting20k40k60kEgypt40k in 2025Latvia3,318 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.50%1.0%Egypt0.68% in 2025Latvia0.056% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Egypt10.7% in 2025Latvia8.0% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Egypt 05 level0 Latvia
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Egypt or Latvia?

Egypt publishes 12.9× as much research as Latvia in 2022-now (169k against 13k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Egypt or Latvia?

9.2% of Egypt's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 6.8% for Latvia.

Is Egypt or Latvia growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +20% against 2018-21 for Egypt, and +3% for Latvia.

Which has more open access research, Egypt or Latvia?

57% of Latvia's research is free to read, against 56% of Egypt's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Egypt or Latvia?

Egypt holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Latvia 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Egypt

  1. 1Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport12.5% top 10% · 1.5k works
  2. 2Higher Institute of Engineering13.7% top 10% · 1.4k works
  3. 3British University in Egypt10.1% top 10% · 1.4k works
  4. 4American University in Cairo10.6% top 10% · 1.5k works
  5. 5Kafrelsheikh University16.1% top 10% · 2.4k works
  6. 6Helwan University8.1% top 10% · 4.3k works

Latvia

  1. 1Riga Technical University5.8% top 10% · 2.3k works
  2. 2University of Latvia6.1% top 10% · 2.9k works
  3. 3College of Business Administration14.5% top 10% · 444 works
  4. 4College of Law5.7% top 10% · 1k works
  5. 5Riga Stradiņš University9.9% top 10% · 1k works
  6. 6Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies3.9% top 10% · 844 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Egypt

  1. 1 Mohamed Abdel‐Basset #3,651 worldwide 17k citations · 391 works
  2. 2 Swellam Wafa Sharshir #4,091 worldwide 16k citations · 243 works
  3. 3 Foad Abd-Allah #8,448 worldwide 187k citations · 173 works
  4. 4 Ahmed I Hasaballah #8,671 worldwide 74k citations · 126 works
  5. 5 Ibrahim Saad Agwa #10,278 worldwide 5.2k citations · 89 works

Latvia

  1. 1 Andrejs Ērglis #117,746 worldwide 36k citations · 513 works
  2. 2 Kristaps Klavins #165,683 worldwide 3.6k citations · 104 works
  3. 3 Laima Tihomirova #186,734 worldwide 4.7k citations · 46 works
  4. 4 Liene Ņikitina-Zaķe #227,666 worldwide 18k citations · 108 works
  5. 5 Oskar Faix #233,046 worldwide 11k citations · 135 works