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Subfield · Energy

General Energy research

General Energy is a subfield of Energy. Science Explorer counts 20k research works in it since 1951. 10.5% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

In short: Czech company.

Research works
20k
fractional, since 1951
In the world top 10%
2.1k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.5%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Topics
1
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+46%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
21% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
General Energy

Which countries lead General Energy research?

On research quality in 2022-now, China, the United States and the United Kingdom rank highest in General Energy. By volume, China and Russia publish the most (735 and 645 works in 2022-now).

By research quality, 2022-now

  1. 1 China #1 all time 1.79× citation excellence · 2.32× journals · 100% breadth 24.0% top 10% · 640 works
  2. 2 United States #4 all time 0.85× citation excellence · 1.28× journals · 100% breadth 11.6% top 10% · 437 works
  3. 3 United Kingdom #3 all time 1.15× citation excellence · 1.35× journals · 100% breadth 15.2% top 10% · 224 works
  4. 4 Türkiye #7 all time 1.07× citation excellence · 0.23× journals · 100% breadth 5.4% top 10% · 415 works
  5. 5 Russia #8 all time 0.44× citation excellence · 0.15× journals · 100% breadth 2.3% top 10% · 616 works

The track on each row is that row's top-10% rate. The ranking itself is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each place's own topics predict, adds its share of papers in the Nature Index journals, and counts output and breadth too.

Of 5 countries ranked in General Energy. Ranked on the quality score for 2022-now; the bracket is the all-time rank.

All countries ranked in General Energy

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 735 works
  2. 2 Russia 645 works
  3. 3 United States 498 works
  4. 4 Türkiye 450 works
  5. 5 United Kingdom 257 works
  6. 6 Germany 210 works
  7. 7 Poland 203 works
  8. 8 Indonesia 166 works
  9. 9 France 155 works
  10. 10 India 154 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 21.2%Russia: 18.6%United States: 14.3%Türkiye: 13.0%6 others listed: 33.0%21%largest
China735 · 21.2%Russia645 · 18.6%United States498 · 14.3%Türkiye450 · 13.0%6 others listed1,145 · 33.0%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead General Energy research?

Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) ranks first in General Energy on research quality in 2022-now, followed by .

By research quality, 2022-now

  1. 1 Russian Academy of Sciences Russia · Moscow · #3 all time 1.9% top 10% · 151 works

The track on each row is that row's top-10% rate. The ranking itself is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each place's own topics predict, adds its share of papers in the Nature Index journals, and counts output and breadth too.

Of 1 institutions above the floor of 40 fractional works in General Energy.

Top 100 General Energy institutions

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 155 works
  2. 2 Moscow State Institute of International RelationsRussia 45 works
  3. 3 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 43 works
  4. 4 Bucharest University of Economic StudiesRomania 35 works
  5. 5 Azerbaijan State University of EconomicsAzerbaijan 31 works
  6. 6 Armenian State University of EconomicsArmenia 29 works
  7. 7 Financial UniversityRussia 27 works
  8. 8 Peoples' Friendship University of RussiaRussia 21 works
  9. 9 Yerevan State UniversityArmenia 21 works
  10. 10 Al-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstan 21 works

Who are the leading researchers in General Energy?

Counting only their work in General Energy, Benjamin Kenneth Sovacool, Aviral Kumar Tiwari and Andreas C. Goldthau have the most papers in the world top 10% for their subfield and year beyond the 10% expected.

  1. 1 Benjamin Kenneth Sovacool Denmark · #435 worldwide overall 13.7 of 32 papers here in the top 10%
  2. 2 Aviral Kumar Tiwari India · #4,356 worldwide overall 8.1 of 12 papers here in the top 10%
  3. 3 Andreas C. Goldthau Germany · #55,849 worldwide overall 8.2 of 14 papers here in the top 10%
  4. 4 Qiang Ji China · #1,453 worldwide overall 7.7 of 13 papers here in the top 10%
  5. 5 Jarosław Brodny Poland · #138,793 worldwide overall 5.8 of 9 papers here in the top 10%
  6. 6 William Diebold United States · #56,305 worldwide overall 6.2 of 11 papers here in the top 10%
  7. 7 Magdalena Tutak Poland · #61,220 worldwide overall 5.8 of 9 papers here in the top 10%
  8. 8 Jonathan P. Stern United States · #74,818 worldwide overall 7.7 of 31 papers here in the top 10%
  9. 9 Xuan Vinh Vo Vietnam · #1,005 worldwide overall 4.8 of 6 papers here in the top 10%
  10. 10 Indra Øverland Norway · #57,982 worldwide overall 5.8 of 17 papers here in the top 10%

Ranked on their work in General Energy alone: how many more of their papers here reached the world top 10% for their subfield and year than the 10% expected, among 52,845 ranked researchers with a paper here. Each paper counts once, so many strong papers outrank one famous one, and a long record of ordinary papers does not climb. Identities come from OpenAlex author disambiguation, which occasionally merges or splits people.

Top 100 General Energy researchers

What are the most cited papers in General Energy?

The most cited paper in General Energy is "Hydrogen futures: toward a sustainable energy system" (Steve Dunn, 2002), with 1,518 citations. Next come "Energy justice: Conceptual insights and practical applications" (1,408) and "Energy Resources and Global Development" (973).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Hydrogen futures: toward a sustainable energy system Steve Dunn · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Mar 2002 1,518
2 Energy justice: Conceptual insights and practical applications Benjamin Kenneth Sovacool, Michael H. Dworkin · Applied Energy 28 Jan 2015 1,408
3 Energy Resources and Global Development Jeffrey Chow, Raymond J. Kopp, Paul R. Portney · Science 28 Nov 2003 973
4 Indicators for energy security Bert Kruyt, Detlef Peter van Vuuren, H.J.M. de Vries et al. · Energy Policy 15 Mar 2009 972
5 Research on the Impact of Geopolitical Instability on Russian Trade Pavel Talamanov · International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT) Open access 3 Aug 2024 959
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is General Energy research done?

The largest centres of General Energy research in 2022-now are Moscow (Russia), Beijing (China), Baku (Azerbaijan) and Istanbul (Türkiye). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Yerevan, Baku and Irkutsk.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 MoscowRussia 398 works
  2. 2 BeijingChina 188 works
  3. 3 BakuAzerbaijan 128 works
  4. 4 IstanbulTürkiye 100 works
  5. 5 YerevanArmenia 85 works
  6. 6 LondonUnited Kingdom 81 works
  7. 7 AnkaraTürkiye 70 works
  8. 8 BucharestRomania 70 works
  9. 9 AlmatyKazakhstan 66 works
  10. 10 ShanghaiChina 62 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. YerevanAM · 85.3 works30×
  2. BakuAZ · 127.9 works25×
  3. IrkutskRU · 42.8 works19×
  4. ChisinauMD · 24.3 works11×
  5. AlmatyKZ · 65.8 works11×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in General Energy than the world average.

See General Energy on the map

General Energy research by country

The best places for General Energy research inside each country, with that country's researchers and world standing.

Where is the best place to study General Energy?

Among universities, judged by research, Griffith University, Silesian University of Technology and Azerbaijan State University of Economics score highest, combining standing in the field's ranking, citation excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%60%mean 17.55%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Griffith UniversitySilesian University …Azerbaijan State Uni…Moscow State Institu…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Standingthis field's institution ranking, three quarters all time and a quarter 2022-now
50%
Citation excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
20%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
5%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
15%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
5%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
5%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreRank in field (all time)Top 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Griffith UniversityAustralia 31.2-48.4%4.1×10 +488.3%
2Silesian University of TechnologyPoland 30.3-36.5%9.3×13 +84.1%
3Azerbaijan State University of EconomicsAzerbaijan 27.7-8.0%102.4×31 +177.8%
4Moscow State Institute of International RelationsRussia 25.6- (#2)0.5%47.6×45 +70.7%
5Bucharest University of Economic StudiesRomania 24.3-1.4%38.5×36 +214.8%
6Ural Federal UniversityRussia 23.4-20.0%10.5×17 +21.9%
7Hamad bin Khalifa UniversityQatar 22.5-18.9%13.2×8 +189.0%
8Southwest Petroleum UniversityChina 21.5-9.1%10.2×18 +1205.1%
9Armenian State University of EconomicsArmenia 21.2-0.0%138.8×29 +515.4%
10Xiamen UniversityChina 21.2-32.7%2.0×9 +320.5%

Universities only. The score blends standing (50%), citation excellence (20%), size (15%), specialisation (5%), growth (5%), international reach (5%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise. Standing is the score in this field's institution ranking, three quarters over all time and a quarter 2022-now; excellence averages the two windows too. Four years alone undercount fields such as AI, where many conference and arXiv papers from 2022 on carry no affiliation in the data.

Every institution in General Energy, country by country

Is General Energy research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 46% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2024. The fastest-growing topics are Global Energy Security and Policy.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is General Energy as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.029% in 2024.

still counting0.010%0.020%0.030%General Energy0.026% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of General Energy over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%General Energy10.7% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

What does General Energy include?

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Who leads General Energy, on Science Explorer

A card with the countries and institutions that lead General Energy, for a post or a slide.

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1200 × 630 PNG, sized for social posts, drawn from the latest snapshot.

The leading institutions' badges1Each links to that institution's page and updates with every snapshot

Discussion

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