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Subfield · Medicine

Urology research

Urology is a subfield of Medicine. Science Explorer counts 157k research works in it since 1950. 10.0% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

In short: a medical and surgical specialty that focuses on diagnosing and treating disorders of the urinary tract and male reproductive organs.

Research works
157k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
16k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.0%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Topics
5
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+11%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
26% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Urology

This ranks research output and citation impact. It says nothing about the quality of diagnosis, treatment or care.

What is Urology research about, and what is growing?

By the world's output in 2021-25, its most used keywords are Platelet-Rich Plasma, Regenerative Medicine, Genitourinary Development, Urotrauma, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Gaining share since 2011-15: Hair Follicle, Stem Cells. Losing share: Genitourinary Development, Urotrauma.

▲ gaining share of this field◆ holding its share▼ losing share

Size is the world's fractional works in 2021-25 in the topics tagged with each word; colour compares the word's share of this field with 2011-15. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 10 words, with their numbers
  1. Platelet-Rich Plasma9,610◆ 1.13×1 topic
  2. Regenerative Medicine9,610◆ 1.13×1 topic
  3. Genitourinary Development8,985▼ 0.86×1 topic
  4. Urotrauma8,985▼ 0.86×1 topic
  5. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia8,712◆ 0.88×1 topic
  6. Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms8,712◆ 0.88×1 topic
  7. Hair Follicle4,748▲ 1.51×1 topic
  8. Stem Cells4,748▲ 1.51×1 topic
  9. Morphology984◆ 0.93×1 topic
  10. Tongue984◆ 0.93×1 topic

Which countries lead Urology research?

On research quality in 2022-now, China, the United States and Germany rank highest in Urology. By volume, the United States and China publish the most (4.9k and 4k works in 2022-now).

By research quality, 2022-now

  1. 1 China #2 all time 1.57× citation excellence · 1.42× journals · 100% breadth 18.1% top 10% · 3.5k works
  2. 2 United States #1 all time 1.06× citation excellence · 1.66× journals · 100% breadth 11.3% top 10% · 4.3k works
  3. 3 Germany #3 all time 1.39× citation excellence · 1.38× journals · 100% breadth 9.5% top 10% · 836 works
  4. 4 United Kingdom #4 all time 1.07× citation excellence · 1.45× journals · 100% breadth 11.7% top 10% · 912 works
  5. 5 France #6 all time 1.54× citation excellence · 1.27× journals · 100% breadth 10.9% top 10% · 542 works
  6. 6 Switzerland #5 all time 1.60× citation excellence · 1.86× journals · 100% breadth 15.0% top 10% · 254 works
  7. 7 Italy #12 all time 1.61× citation excellence · 0.61× journals · 100% breadth 16.4% top 10% · 984 works
  8. 8 Spain #11 all time 1.29× citation excellence · 0.97× journals · 100% breadth 11.6% top 10% · 616 works
  9. 9 Canada #7 all time 1.36× citation excellence · 1.20× journals · 100% breadth 14.4% top 10% · 382 works
  10. 10 Netherlands #8 all time 1.44× citation excellence · 1.44× journals · 100% breadth 14.8% top 10% · 229 works

The track on each row is that row's top-10% rate. The ranking itself is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each place's own topics predict, adds its share of papers in the Nature Index journals, and counts output and breadth too.

Of 25 countries ranked in Urology. Ranked on the quality score for 2022-now; the bracket is the all-time rank.

All countries ranked in Urology

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 4.9k works
  2. 2 China 4k works
  3. 3 India 2.6k works
  4. 4 Brazil 1.1k works
  5. 5 Italy 1.1k works
  6. 6 Türkiye 1.1k works
  7. 7 Japan 1k works
  8. 8 United Kingdom 1k works
  9. 9 Germany 964 works
  10. 10 Egypt 800 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 26.2%China: 21.5%India: 13.9%Brazil: 6.1%6 others listed: 32.3%26%largest
United States4,921 · 26.2%China4,038 · 21.5%India2,608 · 13.9%Brazil1,139 · 6.1%6 others listed6,055 · 32.3%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Urology research?

Harvard University (United States) ranks first in Urology on research quality in 2022-now, followed by Sichuan University and University of Michigan.

By research quality, 2022-now

  1. 1 Harvard University United States · Cambridge · #1 all time 15.7% top 10% · 125 works
  2. 2 Sichuan University China · Chengdu · #13 all time 22.8% top 10% · 159 works
  3. 3 University of Michigan United States · Ann Arbor · #4 all time 19.7% top 10% · 78 works
  4. 4 Shanghai Jiao Tong University China · Shanghai · #16 all time 21.1% top 10% · 141 works
  5. 5 Cornell University United States · Ithaca · #7 all time 15.8% top 10% · 66 works
  6. 6 University of Toronto Canada · Toronto · #9 all time 19.7% top 10% · 76 works
  7. 7 Zhejiang University China · Hangzhou · #54 all time 21.1% top 10% · 86 works
  8. 8 Sun Yat-sen University China · Guangzhou · #40 all time 21.7% top 10% · 75 works
  9. 9 Peking University China · Beijing · #38 all time 14.9% top 10% · 91 works
  10. 10 University College London United Kingdom · London · #6 all time 13.0% top 10% · 83 works

The track on each row is that row's top-10% rate. The ranking itself is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each place's own topics predict, adds its share of papers in the Nature Index journals, and counts output and breadth too.

Of 29 institutions above the floor of 40 fractional works in Urology.

Top 100 Urology institutions

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Sichuan UniversityChina 183 works
  2. 2 Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 160 works
  3. 3 All India Institute of Medical SciencesIndia 159 works
  4. 4 Harvard UniversityUnited States 145 works
  5. 5 Capital Medical UniversityChina 103 works
  6. 6 Peking UniversityChina 103 works
  7. 7 Cairo UniversityEgypt 103 works
  8. 8 Zhejiang UniversityChina 101 works
  9. 9 University of MiamiUnited States 98 works
  10. 10 University College LondonUnited Kingdom 95 works

Who are the leading researchers in Urology?

Counting only their work in Urology, Ralf Paus, Jan Lindhe and Christopher Reginald Chapple have the most papers in the world top 10% for their subfield and year beyond the 10% expected.

  1. 1 Ralf Paus United Kingdom · #66,158 worldwide overall 64.4 of 224 papers here in the top 10%
  2. 2 Jan Lindhe Sweden · #7,393 worldwide overall 50.0 of 87 papers here in the top 10%
  3. 3 Christopher Reginald Chapple United Kingdom · #187,190 worldwide overall 56.0 of 263 papers here in the top 10%
  4. 4 Hom‐Lay Wang United States · #103,385 worldwide overall 57.5 of 177 papers here in the top 10%
  5. 5 Elaine V. Fuchs United States · #348 worldwide overall 31.7 of 48 papers here in the top 10%
  6. 6 Antonellá Tosti Italy · #544,260 worldwide overall 36.9 of 140 papers here in the top 10%
  7. 7 Rodney Daniel Sinclair Australia · #299,453 worldwide overall 35.6 of 132 papers here in the top 10%
  8. 8 Claus G. Roehrborn United States · #192,440 worldwide overall 43.3 of 200 papers here in the top 10%
  9. 9 Paul Abrams United Kingdom · #178,550 worldwide overall 42.7 of 167 papers here in the top 10%
  10. 10 Christoph H. F. Hämmerle Switzerland · #14,128 worldwide overall 29.7 of 62 papers here in the top 10%

Ranked on their work in Urology alone: how many more of their papers here reached the world top 10% for their subfield and year than the 10% expected, among 571,739 ranked researchers with a paper here. Each paper counts once, so many strong papers outrank one famous one, and a long record of ordinary papers does not climb. Identities come from OpenAlex author disambiguation, which occasionally merges or splits people.

Top 100 Urology researchers

What are the most cited papers in Urology?

The most cited paper in Urology is "The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function: Report from the standardisation sub‐committee of the International Continence Society" (Paul Abrams, Linda Cardozo, Magnus Fall et al., 2002), with 8,330 citations. Next come "The international index of erectile function (IIEF): a multidimensional scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction" (5,912) and "Docetaxel plus Prednisone or Mitoxantrone plus Prednisone for Advanced Prostate Cancer" (5,779).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function: Report from the standardisation sub‐committee of the International Continence Society Paul Abrams, Linda Cardozo, Magnus Fall et al. · Neurourology and Urodynamics 8 Feb 2002 8,330
2 The international index of erectile function (IIEF): a multidimensional scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction Raymond C. Rosen, Alan J. Riley, Gorm Wagner et al. · Urology Jun 1997 5,912
3 Docetaxel plus Prednisone or Mitoxantrone plus Prednisone for Advanced Prostate Cancer Ian F. Tannock, Ronald de Wit, William R. Berry et al. · New England Journal of Medicine 6 Oct 2004 5,779
4 A 15-year study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw Ragnar Adell, Ulf Lekholm, Birger Rockler et al. · International Journal of Oral Surgery 1981 4,839
5 Marrow Stromal Cells as Stem Cells for Nonhematopoietic Tissues Darwin J. Prockop · Science 4 Apr 1997 4,665
All 99 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Urology research done?

The largest centres of Urology research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Shanghai (China), London (United Kingdom) and Seoul (South Korea). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Nalgonda and Hualien City.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 510 works
  2. 2 ShanghaiChina 372 works
  3. 3 LondonUnited Kingdom 365 works
  4. 4 SeoulSouth Korea 359 works
  5. 5 IstanbulTürkiye 322 works
  6. 6 MoscowRussia 302 works
  7. 7 New YorkUnited States 295 works
  8. 8 São PauloBrazil 292 works
  9. 9 TehranIran 276 works
  10. 10 TokyoJapan 255 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. NalgondaIN · 36.1 works22×
  2. Hualien CityTW · 58.2 works16×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Urology than the world average.

See Urology on the map

Urology research by country

The best places for Urology research inside each country, with that country's researchers and world standing.

Where is the best place to study Urology?

Among universities, judged by research, Harvard University, University of Michigan and Sichuan University score highest, combining standing in the field's ranking, citation excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%mean 16.98%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Sichuan UniversityUniversity of MichiganHarvard UniversityUniversity of Califo…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Standingthis field's institution ranking, three quarters all time and a quarter 2022-now
50%
Citation excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
20%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
5%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
15%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
5%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
5%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreRank in field (all time)Top 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Harvard UniversityUnited States 83.5#1 (#1)15.6%1.8×145 -8.5%
2University of MichiganUnited States 71.1#3 (#4)19.6%2.3×92 +12.9%
3Sichuan UniversityChina 68.6#2 (#13)21.6%3.2×183 +48.3%
4University of California, San FranciscoUnited States 62.7- (#2)14.3%2.8×51 +1.2%
5University College LondonUnited Kingdom 62.6#10 (#6)13.8%2.3×95 +17.4%
6University of TorontoCanada 61.0#6 (#9)18.5%1.7×88 +6.2%
7Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 60.7- (#3)14.7%1.7×66 +7.3%
8Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 60.5#4 (#16)20.5%2.2×160 +10.6%
9Cornell UniversityUnited States 58.2#5 (#7)14.6%2.2×75 -8.0%
10Stanford UniversityUnited States 52.1- (#5)16.6%1.2×47 -13.1%

Universities only. The score blends standing (50%), citation excellence (20%), size (15%), specialisation (5%), growth (5%), international reach (5%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise. Standing is the score in this field's institution ranking, three quarters over all time and a quarter 2022-now; excellence averages the two windows too. Four years alone undercount fields such as AI, where many conference and arXiv papers from 2022 on carry no affiliation in the data.

Every institution in Urology, country by country

Is Urology research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 11% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Hair Growth and Disorders, Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments and Comparative Animal Anatomy Studies.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Urology as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.12% in 2024.

still counting0.10%0.20%Urology0.12% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Urology over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Urology10.2% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

  1. Hair Growth and Disorders+43%
  2. Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments+14%
  3. Comparative Animal Anatomy Studies+14%
  4. Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research+10%
  5. Urological Disorders and Treatments-4%
← shrinkingno changegrowing →

Growth in output from 2018-21 to 2022-25. Every topic is a page of its own.

What does Urology include?

Urological Disorders and…53kUrological Disorders and Treatments: 53k fractional worksUrinary Bladder and Pros…45kUrinary Bladder and Prostate Research: 45k fractional worksPeriodontal Regeneration…36kPeriodontal Regeneration and Treatments: 36k fractional worksHair Growth and Disorders: 17k fractional worksComparative Animal Anatomy Studies: 6,118 fractional works

Area is fractional works in that topic. Every name below is a page of its own.

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Who leads Urology, on Science Explorer

A card with the countries and institutions that lead Urology, for a post or a slide.

Download the card

1200 × 630 PNG, sized for social posts, drawn from the latest snapshot.

The leading institutions' badges6Each links to that institution's page and updates with every snapshot

Discussion

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