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Subfield · Medicine

Internal Medicine research

Internal Medicine is a subfield of Medicine. Science Explorer counts 74k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

In short: medical specialty dealing with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of internal organs.

Research works
74k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
7.4k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Topics
1
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+0%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
42% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Internal Medicine

This ranks research output and citation impact. It says nothing about the quality of diagnosis, treatment or care.

Which countries lead Internal Medicine research?

On research quality in 2022-now, the United States, Germany and China rank highest in Internal Medicine. By volume, the United States and China publish the most (4.2k and 1.8k works in 2022-now).

By research quality, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States #1 all time 0.87× excellence · 1.45× journals · 100% breadth 10.2% top 10% · 3.7k works
  2. 2 Germany #4 all time 1.77× excellence · 1.49× journals · 100% breadth 13.3% top 10% · 454 works
  3. 3 China #8 all time 1.39× excellence · 0.84× journals · 100% breadth 14.1% top 10% · 1.5k works
  4. 4 France #3 all time 1.77× excellence · 1.44× journals · 100% breadth 12.4% top 10% · 368 works
  5. 5 United Kingdom #6 all time 1.14× excellence · 1.50× journals · 100% breadth 11.9% top 10% · 554 works
  6. 6 Canada #2 all time 1.54× excellence · 1.39× journals · 100% breadth 15.6% top 10% · 318 works
  7. 7 Italy #10 all time 1.45× excellence · 0.75× journals · 100% breadth 14.6% top 10% · 472 works
  8. 8 Spain #9 all time 1.06× excellence · 1.10× journals · 100% breadth 7.7% top 10% · 392 works
  9. 9 Australia #13 all time 1.31× excellence · 1.25× journals · 100% breadth 12.6% top 10% · 207 works
  10. 10 Japan #18 all time 0.65× excellence · 0.82× journals · 100% breadth 6.2% top 10% · 547 works

The track on each row is that row's top-10% rate. The ranking itself is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each place's own topics predict, adds its share of papers in the Nature Index journals, and counts output and breadth too.

Of 14 countries ranked in Internal Medicine. Ranked on the quality score for 2022-now; the bracket is the all-time rank.

All countries ranked in Internal Medicine

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 4.2k works
  2. 2 China 1.8k works
  3. 3 United Kingdom 611 works
  4. 4 Japan 598 works
  5. 5 Italy 530 works
  6. 6 India 508 works
  7. 7 Germany 498 works
  8. 8 Spain 432 works
  9. 9 Türkiye 432 works
  10. 10 France 409 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 41.7%China: 18.0%United Kingdom: 6.1%Japan: 6.0%6 others listed: 28.2%42%largest
United States4,152 · 41.7%China1,795 · 18.0%United Kingdom611 · 6.1%Japan598 · 6.0%6 others listed2,808 · 28.2%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Internal Medicine research?

Harvard University (United States) ranks first in Internal Medicine on research quality in 2022-now, followed by Mayo Clinic and Capital Medical University.

By research quality, 2022-now

  1. 1 Harvard University United States · Cambridge · #1 all time 17.4% top 10% · 166 works
  2. 2 Mayo Clinic United States · Rochester · #7 all time 12.1% top 10% · 84 works
  3. 3 Capital Medical University China · Beijing · #87 all time 11.6% top 10% · 72 works

The track on each row is that row's top-10% rate. The ranking itself is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each place's own topics predict, adds its share of papers in the Nature Index journals, and counts output and breadth too.

Of 3 institutions above the floor of 40 fractional works in Internal Medicine.

Top 100 Internal Medicine institutions

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Harvard UniversityUnited States 183 works
  2. 2 Mayo ClinicUnited States 93 works
  3. 3 Capital Medical UniversityChina 83 works
  4. 4 University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUnited States 72 works
  5. 5 University of OttawaCanada 64 works
  6. 6 Sichuan UniversityChina 61 works
  7. 7 Cleveland ClinicUnited States 58 works
  8. 8 Yale UniversityUnited States 58 works
  9. 9 University of MichiganUnited States 56 works
  10. 10 New York UniversityUnited States 55 works

Who are the leading researchers in Internal Medicine?

Counting only their work in Internal Medicine, Samuel Zachary Goldhaber, Gregory Y.H. Lip and Frederikus Albertus Klok have the most papers in the world top 10% for their subfield and year beyond the 10% expected.

  1. 1 Samuel Zachary Goldhaber United States · #36,961 worldwide overall 84.8 of 296 papers here in the top 10%
  2. 2 Gregory Y.H. Lip United Kingdom · #27,333 worldwide overall 88.7 of 336 papers here in the top 10%
  3. 3 Frederikus Albertus Klok Netherlands · #30,132 worldwide overall 67.0 of 197 papers here in the top 10%
  4. 4 Menno Volkert Huisman Netherlands · #47,592 worldwide overall 63.1 of 198 papers here in the top 10%
  5. 5 Stavros Konstantinides Germany · #43,123 worldwide overall 60.7 of 186 papers here in the top 10%
  6. 6 Harry Roger Buller Netherlands · #36,915 worldwide overall 59.8 of 184 papers here in the top 10%
  7. 7 Jeffrey Ian Weitz Canada · #20,033 worldwide overall 51.7 of 128 papers here in the top 10%
  8. 8 Manuel Monréal Spain · #92,438 worldwide overall 56.8 of 203 papers here in the top 10%
  9. 9 Walter Ageno Italy · #106,520 worldwide overall 59.2 of 224 papers here in the top 10%
  10. 10 Marc Carrier Canada · #59,318 worldwide overall 49.7 of 169 papers here in the top 10%

Ranked on their work in Internal Medicine alone: how many more of their papers here reached the world top 10% for their subfield and year than the 10% expected, among 372,265 ranked researchers with a paper here. Each paper counts once, so many strong papers outrank one famous one, and a long record of ordinary papers does not climb. Identities come from OpenAlex author disambiguation, which occasionally merges or splits people.

Top 100 Internal Medicine researchers

What are the most cited papers in Internal Medicine?

The most cited paper in Internal Medicine is "Correspondence - Tranexamic acid for traumatic brain injury" (Marina Romanello et al., 2005), with 11,912 citations. Next come "Dabigatran versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation" (11,272) and "Refining Clinical Risk Stratification for Predicting Stroke and Thromboembolism in Atrial Fibrillation Using a Novel Risk Factor-Based Approach" (6,816).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Correspondence - Tranexamic acid for traumatic brain injury Marina Romanello et al. · London School of Economics and Political Science Theses Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) Open access 2005 11,912
2 Dabigatran versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Stuart J. Connolly, Michael D. Ezekowitz, Salim Yusuf et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 30 Aug 2009 11,272
3 Refining Clinical Risk Stratification for Predicting Stroke and Thromboembolism in Atrial Fibrillation Using a Novel Risk Factor-Based Approach Gregory Y.H. Lip, Robby Nieuwlaat, Ron Pisters et al. · CHEST Journal Open access 18 Sep 2009 6,816
4 Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease Clive Kearon, Elie A. Akl, Anthony James Comerota et al. · CHEST Journal Open access Feb 2012 6,164
5 Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism William H Geerts, Graham Frederick Pineo, John A. Heit et al. · CHEST Journal Sep 2004 5,923
All 96 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Internal Medicine research done?

The largest centres of Internal Medicine research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), New York (United States), London (United Kingdom) and Boston (United States). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Maywood and New Hyde Park.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 272 works
  2. 2 New YorkUnited States 220 works
  3. 3 LondonUnited Kingdom 187 works
  4. 4 BostonUnited States 176 works
  5. 5 MoscowRussia 164 works
  6. 6 ParisFrance 148 works
  7. 7 MadridSpain 145 works
  8. 8 PhiladelphiaUnited States 144 works
  9. 9 TokyoJapan 129 works
  10. 10 IstanbulTürkiye 120 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. MaywoodUS · 20.9 works22×
  2. New Hyde ParkUS · 21.3 works11×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Internal Medicine than the world average.

See Internal Medicine on the map

Internal Medicine research by country

The best places for Internal Medicine research inside each country, with that country's researchers and world standing.

Where is the best place to study Internal Medicine?

Among universities, judged by research, Harvard University, McMaster University and Leiden University score highest, combining standing in the field's ranking, excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%30%mean 16.56%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →University of OttawaLeiden UniversityHarvard UniversityMcMaster University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Standingthis field's institution ranking, three quarters all time and a quarter 2022-now
50%
Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
20%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
5%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
15%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
5%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
5%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreRank in field (all time)Top 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Harvard UniversityUnited States 88.6#1 (#1)16.8%4.6×183 -0.2%
2McMaster UniversityCanada 62.6- (#2)15.4%6.2×45 -38.5%
3Leiden UniversityNetherlands 53.4- (#9)19.9%5.5×37 -17.6%
4University of OttawaCanada 52.9- (#14)24.2%7.8×64 -7.2%
5Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 52.4- (#6)17.8%2.4×45 -2.4%
6Stanford UniversityUnited States 51.5- (#3)13.7%1.6×30 -37.2%
7Medical University of ViennaAustria 50.6- (#13)16.8%8.5×34 +12.1%
8University of PennsylvaniaUnited States 47.5- (#5)13.9%2.7×35 -35.4%
9University of TorontoCanada 46.4- (#11)12.7%2.0×50 -0.8%
10New York UniversityUnited States 45.5- (#17)14.4%3.9×54 +26.1%

Universities only. The score blends standing (50%), excellence (20%), size (15%), specialisation (5%), growth (5%), international reach (5%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise. Standing is the score in this field's institution ranking, three quarters over all time and a quarter 2022-now; excellence averages the two windows too. Four years alone undercount fields such as AI, where many conference and arXiv papers from 2022 on carry no affiliation in the data.

Every institution in Internal Medicine, country by country

Is Internal Medicine research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 0% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2021. The fastest-growing topics are Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Internal Medicine as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.060% in 2024.

still counting0.050%0.10%Internal Medicine0.057% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Internal Medicine over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Internal Medicine9.9% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

What does Internal Medicine include?

Share who leads Internal Medicine

Who leads Internal Medicine, on Science Explorer

A card with the countries and institutions that lead Internal Medicine, for a post or a slide.

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1200 × 630 PNG, sized for social posts, drawn from the latest snapshot.

The leading institutions' badges3Each links to that institution's page and updates with every snapshot

Discussion

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