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Research in Philadelphia

Science Explorer records 232 research institutions in Philadelphia, United States. The highest-ranked on research quality in 2022-now are University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Temple University.

Research institutions
232
15 of them ranked worldwide
Research works
446k
▼ 6% vs 2018-21
Citations
16.6M
37.2 per fractional work, all time
Top-10% rate, 2022-now
18.5%
all institutions 10.0%
Active span
1950-2026
77 years on the record

A city carries no overall standing here. The quality score is built for institutions and countries, the units its floors and field normalisation were designed around. An empty rank on this page is a statement about the measure, not about the place.

Which research institutions are in Philadelphia?

#InstitutionWorksAgainst the largest hereWorld rank
1University of PennsylvaniaUniversity 187,276 #36
2Temple UniversityUniversity 60,396 #616
3Drexel UniversityUniversity 54,375 #756
4Thomas Jefferson UniversityUniversity 31,738 #795
5Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaFunder 24,707 #442
6Philadelphia UniversityUniversity 16,165 #1,217
7Temple University Health SystemUniversity 10,833 #2,279
8Thomas Jefferson University HospitalHospital / health system 8,549 #6,089
9The Wistar InstituteResearch facility 4,944 #3,486
10University of the SciencesUniversity 3,981 #2,807
11Saint Joseph's UniversityUniversity 3,293 #5,590
12La Salle UniversityUniversity 3,154 #5,474
13Sidney Kimmel Cancer CenterHospital / health system 2,890 #2,424
14Philadelphia College of Osteopathic MedicineUniversity 2,636 #11,983
15Rothman InstituteResearch facility 2,069 #6,041
16Franklin InstituteArchive 1,854 #14,087 all time
17Chestnut Hill CollegeUniversity 1,815 #5,968
18Photonics (United States)Company 1,761 #11,660
19Monell Chemical Senses CenterNonprofit 1,615 #11,915
20Lankenau Medical CenterHospital / health system 1,255 #15,335
21Federal Reserve Bank of PhiladelphiaInstitution 1,078 #17,246
22Graduate HospitalHospital / health system 1,036 #14,408 all time
23Rothman OrthopaedicsInstitution 891 #5,309
24University City Science CenterResearch facility 866 #12,523
25FMC (United States)Company 818 #24,228 all time
26Lankenau Institute for Medical ResearchNonprofit 815 #17,263
27University of the ArtsUniversity 773 #4,778
28Moore College of Art and DesignUniversity 729 #13,766 all time
29Moss Rehabilitation HospitalHospital / health system 715 #19,150
30National Board of Medical ExaminersNonprofit 699 #18,576
31Community College of PhiladelphiaUniversity 679 #15,213
32American Board of Internal MedicineNonprofit 673 #16,463
33Sunoco (United States)Company 626 #12,967 all time
34Einstein Healthcare NetworkHospital / health system 564 #18,364
35Lutheran Theological Seminary at PhiladelphiaInstitution 536 #22,244 all time
36Philadelphia Fire DepartmentGovernment institution 504 #12,719 all time
37American College of PhysiciansInstitution 448 #4,749 all time
38Philadelphia Department of Public HealthGovernment institution 440 #13,114 all time
39Samuel S. Fleisher Art MemorialInstitution 430 #14,326 all time
40Wolters Kluwer HealthCompany 408 #16,426 all time
41Clinical Orthopaedics and Related ResearchInstitution 393 #20,424
42Treatment Research InstituteNonprofit 388 #16,589 all time
43Center for Visual Communication (United States)Company 384 #14,156 all time
44Research for ActionNonprofit 360 #16,294
45Delaware County Community CollegeUniversity 343 #20,281
46Eastern Cooperative Oncology GroupResearch facility 321 #7,444 all time
47NRG OncologyNonprofit 292 #9,736 all time
48Holy Family UniversityUniversity 290 #21,885 all time
49Comcast (United States)Company 284 #17,576 all time
50McNeil Center for Early American StudiesNonprofit 279 #17,262 all time
51RTOG FoundationNonprofit 273 #15,958 all time
52Pennsylvania Academy of ScienceInstitution 272 #15,747 all time
53School District of PhiladelphiaUniversity 270 #19,151 all time
54Gratz CollegeUniversity 268 #25,529 all time
55Morgan, Lewis & Bockius (United States)Company 256 #16,016 all time
56Science History InstituteResearch facility 255 #18,707 all time
57Adult Congenital Heart AssociationInstitution 243 #26,350 all time
58Alex's Lemonade Stand FoundationNonprofit 236 #17,204 all time
59American Association For Cancer ResearchNonprofit 217 #26,676 all time
60Society for Classical StudiesNonprofit 216 #25,266 all time

By fractional works over the whole record; world rank on research quality in 2022-now. Bars are scaled to the largest institution in this city, not to anything off the page.

How concentrated the city is

The same institutions as shares of everything the list accounts for. A city that is one university and a city that is twelve read alike as a table and not at all alike here.

University of Pennsylvania: 42.1%Temple University: 13.6%Drexel University: 12.2%Thomas Jefferson University: 7.1%56 others listed: 25.0%42%largest
University of Pennsylvania187k · 42.1%Temple University60k · 13.6%Drexel University54k · 12.2%Thomas Jefferson University32k · 7.1%56 others listed111k · 25.0%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which fields of science does Philadelphia work in?

In 2022-now, 52% of research in Philadelphia is in Health Sciences, 18% in Social Sciences. Its largest fields are Medicine (46%), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (9%), Social Sciences (7%). It does 2.2× the world's share of Health Sciences.

Health Sciences: 32k fractional works · 51.7% of its workMedicine: 28k fractional works · 46.4% of its workSurgery: 4,206 fractional works · 6.9% of its workPulmonary and Respiratory Medicine: 2,508 fractional works · 4.1% of its workEpidemiology: 2,171 fractional works · 3.6% of its workOncology: 1,959 fractional works · 3.2% of its workPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health: 1,779 fractional works · 2.9% of its workCardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine: 1,731 fractional works · 2.8% of its workRadiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging: 1,266 fractional works · 2.1% of its workPhysiology: 1,106 fractional works · 1.8% of its workNeurology: 995 fractional works · 1.6% of its workPediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health: 874 fractional works · 1.4% of its workPathology and Forensic Medicine: 761 fractional works · 1.2% of its workPsychiatry and Mental health: 755 fractional works · 1.2% of its workRheumatology: 628 fractional works · 1.0% of its workInfectious Diseases: 612 fractional works · 1.0% of its workEndocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism: 581 fractional works · 1.0% of its workHematology: 527 fractional works · 0.9% of its workOphthalmology: 521 fractional works · 0.9% of its workEmergency Medicine: 515 fractional works · 0.8% of its workGenetics: 487 fractional works · 0.8% of its workDermatology: 445 fractional works · 0.7% of its workPharmacology: 333 fractional works · 0.5% of its workObstetrics and Gynecology: 332 fractional works · 0.5% of its workOrthopedics and Sports Medicine: 294 fractional works · 0.5% of its workHepatology: 258 fractional works · 0.4% of its workCritical Care and Intensive Care Medicine: 245 fractional works · 0.4% of its workRehabilitation: 242 fractional works · 0.4% of its workNephrology: 240 fractional works · 0.4% of its workReproductive Medicine: 222 fractional works · 0.4% of its workAnesthesiology and Pain Medicine: 218 fractional works · 0.4% of its workHealth Informatics: 186 fractional works · 0.3% of its workTransplantation: 171 fractional works · 0.3% of its workGastroenterology: 163 fractional works · 0.3% of its workOtorhinolaryngology: 157 fractional works · 0.3% of its workUrology: 151 fractional works · 0.2% of its workInternal Medicine: 144 fractional works · 0.2% of its workGeriatrics and Gerontology: 126 fractional works · 0.2% of its workImmunology and Allergy: 124 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 257 fractional works · 0.4% of its workHealth Professions: 2,433 fractional works · 4.0% of its workGeneral Health Professions: 1,415 fractional works · 2.3% of its workEmergency Medical Services: 271 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSpeech and Hearing: 194 fractional works · 0.3% of its workHealth Information Management: 143 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 409 fractional works · 0.7% of its workDentistry: 315 fractional works · 0.5% of its workOral Surgery: 131 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 184 fractional works · 0.3% of its workNursing: 305 fractional works · 0.5% of its workNutrition and Dietetics: 215 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 89 fractional works · 0.1% of its workVeterinary: 184 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmall Animals: 153 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 32 fractional works · 0.1% of its workSocial Sciences: 11k fractional works · 17.7% of its workSocial Sciences: 4,474 fractional works · 7.3% of its workSociology and Political Science: 1,534 fractional works · 2.5% of its workEducation: 637 fractional works · 1.0% of its workPolitical Science and International Relations: 433 fractional works · 0.7% of its workGender Studies: 369 fractional works · 0.6% of its workHealth: 361 fractional works · 0.6% of its workSafety Research: 190 fractional works · 0.3% of its workDemography: 161 fractional works · 0.3% of its workCommunication: 136 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 654 fractional works · 1.1% of its workPsychology: 2,651 fractional works · 4.3% of its workClinical Psychology: 1,101 fractional works · 1.8% of its workSocial Psychology: 634 fractional works · 1.0% of its workExperimental and Cognitive Psychology: 443 fractional works · 0.7% of its workDevelopmental and Educational Psychology: 258 fractional works · 0.4% of its workApplied Psychology: 174 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 41 fractional works · 0.1% of its workEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 1,217 fractional works · 2.0% of its workEconomics and Econometrics: 970 fractional works · 1.6% of its workFinance: 181 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 65 fractional works · 0.1% of its workArts and Humanities: 1,062 fractional works · 1.7% of its workPhilosophy: 175 fractional works · 0.3% of its workLiterature and Literary Theory: 166 fractional works · 0.3% of its workHistory: 155 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 566 fractional works · 0.9% of its workBusiness, Management and Accounting: 937 fractional works · 1.5% of its workStrategy and Management: 217 fractional works · 0.4% of its workAccounting: 185 fractional works · 0.3% of its workOrganizational Behavior and Human Resource Management: 184 fractional works · 0.3% of its workMarketing: 140 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 212 fractional works · 0.3% of its workDecision Sciences: 448 fractional works · 0.7% of its workManagement Science and Operations Research: 212 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 235 fractional works · 0.4% of its workLife Sciences: 9,945 fractional works · 16.3% of its workBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 5,749 fractional works · 9.4% of its workMolecular Biology: 3,145 fractional works · 5.2% of its workGenetics: 1,200 fractional works · 2.0% of its workCancer Research: 493 fractional works · 0.8% of its workCell Biology: 359 fractional works · 0.6% of its workSmaller subfields together: 552 fractional works · 0.9% of its workNeuroscience: 2,081 fractional works · 3.4% of its workCognitive Neuroscience: 892 fractional works · 1.5% of its workCellular and Molecular Neuroscience: 491 fractional works · 0.8% of its workNeurology: 281 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSmaller subfields together: 418 fractional works · 0.7% of its workImmunology and Microbiology: 1,332 fractional works · 2.2% of its workImmunology: 1,028 fractional works · 1.7% of its workSmaller subfields together: 303 fractional works · 0.5% of its workAgricultural and Biological Sciences: 573 fractional works · 0.9% of its workPlant Science: 212 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 361 fractional works · 0.6% of its workPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 210 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPhysical Sciences: 8,749 fractional works · 14.3% of its workEngineering: 2,802 fractional works · 4.6% of its workBiomedical Engineering: 1,052 fractional works · 1.7% of its workElectrical and Electronic Engineering: 581 fractional works · 1.0% of its workMechanical Engineering: 189 fractional works · 0.3% of its workControl and Systems Engineering: 142 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 838 fractional works · 1.4% of its workComputer Science: 2,173 fractional works · 3.6% of its workArtificial Intelligence: 939 fractional works · 1.5% of its workComputer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 281 fractional works · 0.5% of its workInformation Systems: 259 fractional works · 0.4% of its workComputer Networks and Communications: 198 fractional works · 0.3% of its workComputational Theory and Mathematics: 160 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 336 fractional works · 0.6% of its workEnvironmental Science: 907 fractional works · 1.5% of its workHealth, Toxicology and Mutagenesis: 280 fractional works · 0.5% of its workEcology: 137 fractional works · 0.2% of its workGlobal and Planetary Change: 128 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 363 fractional works · 0.6% of its workPhysics and Astronomy: 751 fractional works · 1.2% of its workAtomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics: 263 fractional works · 0.4% of its workAstronomy and Astrophysics: 122 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 366 fractional works · 0.6% of its workMaterials Science: 728 fractional works · 1.2% of its workMaterials Chemistry: 432 fractional works · 0.7% of its workSmaller subfields together: 295 fractional works · 0.5% of its workMathematics: 557 fractional works · 0.9% of its workStatistics and Probability: 290 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSmaller subfields together: 267 fractional works · 0.4% of its workChemistry: 449 fractional works · 0.7% of its workOrganic Chemistry: 240 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 209 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEarth and Planetary Sciences: 215 fractional works · 0.4% of its workEnergy: 118 fractional works · 0.2% of its workChemical Engineering: 50 fractional works · 0.1% of its workALL ITS WORKPhiladelphia61kfractional works, 2022-now
Life Sciences16%Physical Sciences14%Health Sciences52%Social Sciences18%

Each ring splits the one inside it: the four domains of science, their fields, their subfields. Size is fractional works in 2022-now. Every slice is a page; the interactive view zooms down to single topics and colours each by how much more of it this city does than the world.

Its 4 domains and 26 fields, with their numbers
    1. Medicine28k46.4%
    2. Health Professions2,4334.0%
    3. Dentistry3150.5%
    4. Nursing3050.5%
    5. Veterinary1840.3%
    1. Social Sciences4,4747.3%
    2. Psychology2,6514.3%
    3. Economics, Econometrics and Finance1,2172.0%
    4. Arts and Humanities1,0621.7%
    5. Business, Management and Accounting9371.5%
    6. Decision Sciences4480.7%
  1. Life Sciences9,94516.3%
    1. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology5,7499.4%
    2. Neuroscience2,0813.4%
    3. Immunology and Microbiology1,3322.2%
    4. Agricultural and Biological Sciences5730.9%
    5. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics2100.3%
    1. Engineering2,8024.6%
    2. Computer Science2,1733.6%
    3. Environmental Science9071.5%
    4. Physics and Astronomy7511.2%
    5. Materials Science7281.2%
    6. Mathematics5570.9%
    7. Chemistry4490.7%
    8. Earth and Planetary Sciences2150.4%
    9. Energy1180.2%
    10. Chemical Engineering500.1%
All of science, and how each field's share has moved since 1950: the Science domain explorer

What is Philadelphia strongest at in research?

Relative to its size, research in Philadelphia is most concentrated in Transplantation, Internal Medicine and Equine (5.9× the world share in Transplantation).

  1. TransplantationSubfield · 140.4 works5.9×
  2. Internal MedicineSubfield · 130.6 works4.0×
  3. EquineSubfield · 27.7 works4.0×
  4. Family PracticeSubfield · 92.4 works3.6×
  5. Emergency MedicineSubfield · 459.3 works3.5×
  6. Issues, ethics and legal aspectsSubfield · 36.4 works3.3×
  7. Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineSubfield · 185.4 works3.1×
  8. OphthalmologySubfield · 449.9 works3.1×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient against the world baseline. Inside a single field a city is a meaningful unit, which is why this is where a city is measured at all.

The whole field profile

All 26 fields at once: above the ring is more than a place this size would be expected to do. A specialist and a generalist produce the same ranked list and a completely different shape.

Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 0.20× its world share, 512 worksAgricultural and Bio…Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 1.75× its world share, 5,008 worksBiochemistry, Geneti…Immunology and Microbiology: 2.16× its world share, 1,168 worksImmunology and Micro…Neuroscience: 2.05× its world share, 1,784 worksNeurosciencePharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 0.98× its world share, 185 worksPharmacology, Toxico…Chemical Engineering: 0.24× its world share, 45 worksChemical EngineeringChemistry: 0.48× its world share, 406 worksChemistryComputer Science: 0.45× its world share, 1,899 worksComputer ScienceEarth and Planetary Sciences: 0.22× its world share, 188 worksEarth and Planetary …Energy: 0.21× its world share, 105 worksEnergyEngineering: 0.31× its world share, 2,527 worksEngineeringEnvironmental Science: 0.30× its world share, 800 worksEnvironmental ScienceMaterials Science: 0.35× its world share, 653 worksMaterials ScienceMathematics: 0.78× its world share, 495 worksMathematicsPhysics and Astronomy: 0.57× its world share, 679 worksPhysics and AstronomyDentistry: 1.05× its world share, 273 worksDentistryHealth Professions: 1.53× its world share, 2,169 worksHealth ProfessionsMedicine: 2.40× its world share, 25k worksMedicineNursing: 1.01× its world share, 264 worksNursingVeterinary: 2.24× its world share, 163 worksVeterinaryArts and Humanities: 0.58× its world share, 905 worksArts and HumanitiesBusiness, Management and Accounting: 0.49× its world share, 851 worksBusiness, Management…Decision Sciences: 0.75× its world share, 389 worksDecision SciencesEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 0.99× its world share, 1,137 worksEconomics, Econometr…Psychology: 1.42× its world share, 2,323 worksPsychologySocial Sciences: 0.58× its world share, 3,963 worksSocial Sciences1×world share
more than its size predictsabout as predictedless

Rings at 0.5×, 1× and 2×. Widest outward: Medicine, 2.4×. Every wedge is a field page.

All 26 fields, with their numbers
  1. Medicine2.40×25k works
  2. Veterinary2.24×163 works
  3. Immunology and Microbiology2.16×1,168 works
  4. Neuroscience2.05×1,784 works
  5. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology1.75×5,008 works
  6. Health Professions1.53×2,169 works
  7. Psychology1.42×2,323 works
  8. Dentistry1.05×273 works
  9. Nursing1.01×264 works
  10. Economics, Econometrics and Finance0.99×1,137 works
  11. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics0.98×185 works
  12. Mathematics0.78×495 works
  13. Decision Sciences0.75×389 works
  14. Arts and Humanities0.58×905 works
  15. Social Sciences0.58×3,963 works
  16. Physics and Astronomy0.57×679 works
  17. Business, Management and Accounting0.49×851 works
  18. Chemistry0.48×406 works
  19. Computer Science0.45×1,899 works
  20. Materials Science0.35×653 works
  21. Engineering0.31×2,527 works
  22. Environmental Science0.30×800 works
  23. Chemical Engineering0.24×45 works
  24. Earth and Planetary Sciences0.22×188 works
  25. Energy0.21×105 works
  26. Agricultural and Biological Sciences0.20×512 works

Which keywords describe research in Philadelphia?

By fractional works in 2022-now, weighted toward what it does more of than the world: Epidemiology, Inflammation, Immunotherapy, Treatment, Risk Factors, Quality of Life, Diagnosis and Genetic Mutations.

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's

Size is fractional works in 2022-now in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of this city's work against its share of the world's. The 40 words are chosen for being large and distinctive. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology5,028▲ 2.1×140 topics
  2. Inflammation2,272▲ 1.75×83 topics
  3. Quality of Life1,622▲ 1.84×60 topics
  4. Treatment1,597▲ 2.1×52 topics
  5. Risk Factors1,504▲ 2.2×37 topics
  6. Oxidative Stress1,386▲ 1.38×63 topics
  7. Immunotherapy1,360▲ 3.1×19 topics
  8. Diagnosis1,289▲ 2.3×41 topics
  9. Public Health1,272▲ 1.43×75 topics
  10. Cancer1,262▲ 1.54×58 topics
  11. Mental Health1,218▲ 1.40×48 topics
  12. Management1,078▲ 2.2×38 topics
  13. Chemotherapy1,041▲ 2.4×25 topics
  14. Cardiovascular Disease1,012▲ 1.45×39 topics
  15. Genetic Mutations942▲ 3.5×23 topics
  16. Genetics902▲ 2.1×27 topics
  17. Depression899▲ 1.68×26 topics
  18. Clinical Trials891▲ 2.2×19 topics
  19. Biomarkers872▲ 2.0×18 topics
  20. Complications852▲ 2.8×17 topics
  21. Neurological Disorders837▲ 2.4×20 topics
  22. Mortality817▲ 2.4×13 topics
  23. Prognostic Factors812▲ 3.1×14 topics
  24. Guidelines809▲ 2.8×13 topics
  25. Heart Failure746▲ 2.7×14 topics
  26. Clinical Practice Guidelines730▲ 2.2×14 topics
  27. Radiotherapy712▲ 3.0×13 topics
  28. Global Burden653▲ 1.96×12 topics
  29. Precision Medicine638▲ 2.1×8 topics
  30. Surgical Management629▲ 2.5×20 topics
  31. Rehabilitation604▲ 2.5×13 topics
  32. Primary Care604▲ 2.7×15 topics
  33. Echocardiography594▲ 3.5×8 topics
  34. Medical Education567▲ 3.5×13 topics
  35. Mortality Risk541▲ 3.7×6 topics
  36. Cancer Immunotherapy503▲ 5.4×3 topics
  37. Lymphoma473▲ 4.8×4 topics
  38. Neurodevelopmental Outcomes443▲ 3.8×6 topics
  39. Tumor Regression381▲ 5.6×2 topics
  40. Leukemia343▲ 6.8×2 topics

What research is done in Philadelphia?

  1. 1 CAR-T cell therapy research Oncology 288 works
  2. 2 Diversity and Career in Medicine Gender Studies 177 works
  3. 3 Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers Oncology 170 works
  4. 4 Transplantation: Methods and Outcomes Surgery 166 works
  5. 5 Congenital Heart Disease Studies Epidemiology 162 works
  6. 6 Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices Biomedical Engineering 160 works
  7. 7 Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life Economics and Econometrics 155 works
  8. 8 Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research Psychiatry and Mental health 154 works
  9. 9 Healthcare Policy and Management Economics and Econometrics 152 works
  10. 10 Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation Emergency Medicine 151 works

Research output over time

still counting1990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year, against all institutions in the same year.

still counting20%40%Philadelphia16.7% in 2025all institutions10.0% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's output, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for its field and year. Peak 30.0% in 2016.

Questions people ask

What are the best universities in Philadelphia for research?

Science Explorer records 232 research institutions in Philadelphia, United States. The highest-ranked on research quality in 2022-now are University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Temple University.

Which research institutions are in Philadelphia?
All 1,273 questions in the Question Catalogue

Discussion

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