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Topic · Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes

Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes is a research topic within Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine. Science Explorer counts 98k research works in it since 1950. 10.0% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the assessment and management of cardiac risk in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. It covers topics such as perioperative mortality, troponin levels, beta-blocker therapy, cardiovascular evaluation, surgical risk calculators, and postoperative complications. The papers also discuss various guidelines for pre-operative cardiac risk assessment and perioperative cardiac management.

  • Perioperative
  • Cardiac Risk
  • Noncardiac Surgery
  • Mortality
  • Troponin Levels
  • Beta-Blocker Therapy
  • Cardiovascular Evaluation
  • Surgical Risk Calculator
  • Postoperative Complications
  • Guidelines
Research works
98k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
9.8k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.0%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+11%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
39% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes

This ranks research output and citation impact. It says nothing about the quality of diagnosis, treatment or care.

Which countries lead Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes research?

By volume, the United States and the United Kingdom publish the most (4.6k and 1.4k works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 4.6k works
  2. 2 United Kingdom 1.4k works
  3. 3 China 1.4k works
  4. 4 India 1.1k works
  5. 5 Germany 729 works
  6. 6 Italy 594 works
  7. 7 Japan 535 works
  8. 8 Spain 511 works
  9. 9 Türkiye 480 works
  10. 10 Canada 476 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 39.0%United Kingdom: 12.1%China: 11.6%India: 9.3%6 others listed: 28.0%39%largest
United States4,636 · 39.0%United Kingdom1,442 · 12.1%China1,386 · 11.6%India1,106 · 9.3%6 others listed3,325 · 28.0%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes research?

By volume in 2022-now, Harvard University publishes the most Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes research, followed by Mayo Clinic and University of Toronto.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Harvard UniversityUnited States 234 works
  2. 2 Mayo ClinicUnited States 125 works
  3. 3 University of TorontoCanada 105 works
  4. 4 All India Institute of Medical SciencesIndia 100 works
  5. 5 Cleveland ClinicUnited States 85 works
  6. 6 Yale UniversityUnited States 73 works
  7. 7 Stanford UniversityUnited States 71 works
  8. 8 Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 70 works
  9. 9 Ain Shams UniversityEgypt 67 works
  10. 10 Cornell UniversityUnited States 66 works

Who are the leading researchers in Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes include David Moher, Douglas G. Altman and Theo Vos.

  1. 1 David Moher Canada 898k citations
  2. 2 Douglas G. Altman United Kingdom 862k citations
  3. 3 Theo Vos United States 439k citations
  4. 4 George Davey Smith United Kingdom 435k citations
  5. 5 Walter Churchill Willett United States 411k citations
  6. 6 Robert John Tibshirani United States 396k citations
  7. 7 Julian P. T. Higgins United Kingdom 390k citations
  8. 8 John J.V. McMurray United Kingdom 349k citations
  9. 9 Hermann Brenner Germany 343k citations
  10. 10 Cyrus Cooper United Kingdom 342k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes?

The most cited paper in Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes is "Classification of Surgical Complications" (Daniel R. Dindo, Nicolas Demartines, Pierre-Alain Clavien, 2004), with 31,598 citations. Next come "2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension" (13,694) and "CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials" (13,628).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Classification of Surgical Complications Daniel R. Dindo, Nicolas Demartines, Pierre-Alain Clavien · Annals of Surgery Open access 22 Jul 2004 31,598
2 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension Authors Task Force Members et al. · European Heart Journal Open access108 authors 14 Jun 2013 13,694
3 CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials the CONSORT Group, Kenneth F. Schulz, Douglas G. Altman et al. · BMC Medicine Open access 24 Mar 2010 13,628
4 Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure Aram V. Chobanian, George L. Bakris, Henry Richard Black et al. · Hypertension Dec 2003 13,366
5 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure Clyde W. Yancy et al. · Journal of the American College of Cardiology Open access 5 Jun 2013 12,642
All 95 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes research done?

The largest centres of Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes research in 2022-now are London (United Kingdom), New York (United States), Boston (United States) and Beijing (China).

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 LondonUnited Kingdom 366 works
  2. 2 New YorkUnited States 235 works
  3. 3 BostonUnited States 229 works
  4. 4 BeijingChina 229 works
  5. 5 IstanbulTürkiye 164 works
  6. 6 SeoulSouth Korea 161 works
  7. 7 PhiladelphiaUnited States 154 works
  8. 8 ClevelandUnited States 152 works
  9. 9 MoscowRussia 144 works
  10. 10 MadridSpain 137 works
See Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes on the map

Where is the best place to study Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes?

Among universities, judged by research, University of Copenhagen, Harvard University and University of Toronto score highest, combining citation excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%30%mean 18.78%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Humanitas UniversityUniversity of Copenh…University of TorontoHarvard University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Citation excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1University of CopenhagenDenmark 72.721.4%3.3×49 +22.6%
2Harvard UniversityUnited States 70.914.1%4.6×234 -12.8%
3University of TorontoCanada 69.016.4%3.2×105 +0.7%
4Humanitas UniversityItaly 68.723.7%7.4×17 +137.4%
5Hebei Medical UniversityChina 65.023.5%3.7×20 +77.3%
6Chongqing Medical UniversityChina 64.624.4%2.5×23 +137.5%
7Cornell UniversityUnited States 62.817.9%3.1×66 +0.6%
8Sichuan UniversityChina 62.218.4%1.6×57 +96.9%
9McMaster UniversityCanada 62.213.6%4.0×37 +5.5%
10University of California, San FranciscoUnited States 61.614.4%4.7×53 +6.5%

Universities only. The score blends citation excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes, country by country

Is Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 11% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2024. The fastest-growing topics are Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.088% in 2024.

still counting0.10%0.20%Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes0.079% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes10.1% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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