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Topic · Oncology

Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers

Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers is a research topic within Oncology. Science Explorer counts 62k research works in it since 1951. 10.1% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the advances in cancer immunotherapy research, particularly in the context of immune checkpoint blockade targeting PD-1 and PD-L1, the impact of tumor microenvironment, biomarkers for immunotherapy response, T-cell exhaustion, neoantigens, tumor mutational burden, immune-related adverse events, and the exploration of combination therapies. The research also delves into the intricate mechanisms of cancer immunoediting.

  • Immune Checkpoint Blockade
  • PD-1 and PD-L1
  • Tumor Microenvironment
  • Tumor Mutational Burden
  • Immune-related Adverse Events
  • T-cell Exhaustion
  • Neoantigens
  • Biomarkers for Immunotherapy
  • Combination Therapies
  • Cancer Immunoediting
Research works
62k
fractional, since 1951
In the world top 10%
6.3k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.1%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+41%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
40% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers

This ranks research output and citation impact. It says nothing about the quality of diagnosis, treatment or care.

Which countries lead Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (9.3k and 6.9k works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 9.3k works
  2. 2 United States 6.9k works
  3. 3 Japan 1.6k works
  4. 4 Germany 963 works
  5. 5 Italy 912 works
  6. 6 France 816 works
  7. 7 United Kingdom 761 works
  8. 8 Spain 612 works
  9. 9 South Korea 607 works
  10. 10 India 496 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 40.4%United States: 30.1%Japan: 6.9%Germany: 4.2%6 others listed: 18.3%40%largest
China9,271 · 40.4%United States6,914 · 30.1%Japan1,584 · 6.9%Germany963 · 4.2%6 others listed4,204 · 18.3%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers research?

By volume in 2022-now, Sun Yat-sen University publishes the most Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers research, followed by Harvard University and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Sun Yat-sen UniversityChina 456 works
  2. 2 Harvard UniversityUnited States 404 works
  3. 3 The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterUnited States 303 works
  4. 4 Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 256 works
  5. 5 Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeChina 241 works
  6. 6 Sichuan UniversityChina 241 works
  7. 7 Nanjing Medical UniversityChina 223 works
  8. 8 Peking UniversityChina 204 works
  9. 9 Fudan UniversityChina 199 works
  10. 10 Zhejiang UniversityChina 188 works

Who are the leading researchers in Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers include Ahmedin Jemal, Eric S. Lander and Rob Knight.

  1. 1 Ahmedin Jemal United States 761k citations
  2. 2 Eric S. Lander United States 524k citations
  3. 3 Rob Knight United States 468k citations
  4. 4 Stacey L. Gabriel United States 402k citations
  5. 5 Guido Kroemer France 386k citations
  6. 6 Bert Vogelstein United States 373k citations
  7. 7 Gad A. Getz United States 364k citations
  8. 8 Elaine R. Mardis United States 346k citations
  9. 9 Hermann Brenner Germany 343k citations
  10. 10 Jun Wang China 340k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers?

The most cited paper in Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers is "PD-1 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade to Treat Breast Cancer" (Andreas Daniel Hartkopf, Florin‐Andrei Taran, Markus Wallwiener et al., 2016), with 30,915 citations. Next come "Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma" (15,337) and "Adverse Renal Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Narrative Review" (15,286).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 PD-1 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade to Treat Breast Cancer Andreas Daniel Hartkopf, Florin‐Andrei Taran, Markus Wallwiener et al. · Breast Care Open access 2016 30,915
2 Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma Frank Stephen Hodi et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 5 Jun 2010 15,337
3 Adverse Renal Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Narrative Review Rimda Wanchoo, Sabine Karam, Nupur N. Uppal et al. · American Journal of Nephrology ReviewOpen access 2017 15,286
4 The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy Drew M. Pardoll · Nature reviews. Cancer ReviewOpen access 22 Mar 2012 14,033
5 Safety, Activity, and Immune Correlates of Anti–PD-1 Antibody in Cancer Suzanne Louise Topalian et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 14 Jun 2012 12,842
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers research done?

The largest centres of Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Shanghai (China), Guangzhou (China) and New York (United States). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Amsterdam, Plainview and Lancaster.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 1k works
  2. 2 ShanghaiChina 884 works
  3. 3 GuangzhouChina 837 works
  4. 4 New YorkUnited States 450 works
  5. 5 HoustonUnited States 416 works
  6. 6 NanjingChina 404 works
  7. 7 HangzhouChina 381 works
  8. 8 ChengduChina 364 works
  9. 9 SeoulSouth Korea 352 works
  10. 10 BostonUnited States 345 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. AmsterdamNL · 35.8 works31×
  2. PlainviewUS · 51.7 works25×
  3. LancasterUS · 45.1 works21×
  4. RahwayUS · 46.1 works20×
  5. KashiwaJP · 45.6 works19×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers than the world average.

See Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers on the map

Where is the best place to study Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers?

Among universities, judged by research, Harvard University, Sun Yat-sen University and Oncode Institute score highest, combining citation excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%mean 13.96%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Oncode InstituteHarvard UniversityCornell UniversitySun Yat-sen University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Citation excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Harvard UniversityUnited States 70.816.8%5.3×404 -0.7%
2Sun Yat-sen UniversityChina 68.013.0%9.3×456 +94.2%
3Oncode InstituteNetherlands 64.623.3%38.9×26 +31.9%
4Cornell UniversityUnited States 61.415.2%3.7×116 +24.5%
5Sichuan UniversityChina 60.013.7%4.5×241 +138.5%
6Fudan UniversityChina 58.312.4%5.3×198 +86.7%
7Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 57.911.4%3.8×256 +88.5%
8Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeChina 57.49.8%9.7×241 +85.8%
9Central South UniversityChina 57.313.6%3.8×172 +144.2%
10Nanjing Medical UniversityChina 57.110.4%10.6×223 +139.0%

Universities only. The score blends citation excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers, country by country

Is Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 41% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.11% in 2024.

still counting0.050%0.10%0.15%Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers0.11% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers9.7% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

Questions people ask

Which institutions lead cancer immunotherapy research?

By volume in 2022-now, Sun Yat-sen University publishes the most Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers research, followed by Harvard University and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.

Which institutions lead Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers research?
All 1,273 questions in the Question Catalogue

Discussion

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