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Topic · Ophthalmology

Retinal Diseases and Treatments

Retinal Diseases and Treatments is a research topic within Ophthalmology. Science Explorer counts 56k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on research related to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy. It covers topics such as the role of oxidative stress, vascular endothelial growth factor, complement factor H polymorphism, and choroidal thickness in the pathogenesis and treatment of these diseases. Additionally, it explores the use of intravitreal injections and optical coherence tomography angiography in understanding and managing AMD and diabetic retinopathy.

  • Macular Degeneration
  • Retinal Pigment Epithelium
  • Diabetic Retinopathy
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
  • Choroidal Thickness
  • Intravitreal Injection
  • Complement Factor H Polymorphism
  • Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
  • Inflammation
Research works
56k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
5.5k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+5%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
28% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Retinal Diseases and Treatments

This ranks research output and citation impact. It says nothing about the quality of diagnosis, treatment or care.

Which countries lead Retinal Diseases and Treatments research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (2.6k and 2.4k works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 2.6k works
  2. 2 United States 2.4k works
  3. 3 India 1.2k works
  4. 4 United Kingdom 592 works
  5. 5 Japan 520 works
  6. 6 South Korea 419 works
  7. 7 Türkiye 407 works
  8. 8 Germany 406 works
  9. 9 Italy 399 works
  10. 10 Spain 364 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 27.9%United States: 25.8%India: 12.9%United Kingdom: 6.3%6 others listed: 27.0%28%largest
China2,599 · 27.9%United States2,407 · 25.8%India1,206 · 12.9%United Kingdom592 · 6.3%6 others listed2,515 · 27.0%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Retinal Diseases and Treatments research?

By volume in 2022-now, Harvard University publishes the most Retinal Diseases and Treatments research, followed by Sun Yat-sen University and University College London.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Harvard UniversityUnited States 134 works
  2. 2 Sun Yat-sen UniversityChina 118 works
  3. 3 University College LondonUnited Kingdom 110 works
  4. 4 Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 98 works
  5. 5 Capital Medical UniversityChina 98 works
  6. 6 Wenzhou Medical UniversityChina 85 works
  7. 7 Tianjin Medical UniversityChina 70 works
  8. 8 Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 66 works
  9. 9 All India Institute of Medical SciencesIndia 64 works
  10. 10 Fudan UniversityChina 61 works

Who are the leading researchers in Retinal Diseases and Treatments?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Retinal Diseases and Treatments include Theo Vos, George Davey Smith and Ali H. Mokdad.

  1. 1 Theo Vos United States 439k citations
  2. 2 George Davey Smith United Kingdom 435k citations
  3. 3 Ali H. Mokdad United States 429k citations
  4. 4 Walter Churchill Willett United States 411k citations
  5. 5 Mark J. Daly United States 403k citations
  6. 6 Robert John Tibshirani United States 396k citations
  7. 7 Guido Kroemer France 386k citations
  8. 8 Jost Bruno Jonas Germany 350k citations
  9. 9 John J.V. McMurray United Kingdom 349k citations
  10. 10 Elaine R. Mardis United States 346k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Retinal Diseases and Treatments?

The most cited paper in Retinal Diseases and Treatments is "Repertoires of Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Ocular Diseases" (Yujie Li, Qin Li Jiang, Guo-Fan Cao et al., 2015), with 16,339 citations. Next come "The biology of VEGF and its receptors" (9,633) and "Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy in Retinal Fundus Photographs" (7,873).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Repertoires of Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Ocular Diseases Yujie Li, Qin Li Jiang, Guo-Fan Cao et al. · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry Open access 2015 16,339
2 The biology of VEGF and its receptors Napoleone Ferrara, Hans‐Peter Gerber, Jennifer E. LeCouter · Nature Medicine 30 May 2003 9,633
3 Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy in Retinal Fundus Photographs Varun Gulshan, Lily Peng, Marc Coram et al. · JAMA 29 Nov 2016 7,873
4 Global Prevalence of Glaucoma and Projections of Glaucoma Burden through 2040 Yih Chung Tham, Li Xiang, Tien Yin Wong et al. · Ophthalmology 26 Jun 2014 7,211
5 Ranibizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Philip J. Rosenfeld, David M. Brown, Jeffrey S. Heier et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 4 Oct 2006 5,931
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Retinal Diseases and Treatments research done?

The largest centres of Retinal Diseases and Treatments research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Shanghai (China), London (United Kingdom) and Seoul (South Korea). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Brecksville, San Francisco and East Melbourne.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 345 works
  2. 2 ShanghaiChina 254 works
  3. 3 LondonUnited Kingdom 243 works
  4. 4 SeoulSouth Korea 224 works
  5. 5 GuangzhouChina 214 works
  6. 6 ChennaiIndia 151 works
  7. 7 TokyoJapan 147 works
  8. 8 MoscowRussia 140 works
  9. 9 SingaporeSingapore 125 works
  10. 10 IstanbulTürkiye 111 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. BrecksvilleUS · 24.3 works165×
  2. San FranciscoUS · 22.6 works101×
  3. East MelbourneAU · 28.6 works78×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Retinal Diseases and Treatments than the world average.

See Retinal Diseases and Treatments on the map

Where is the best place to study Retinal Diseases and Treatments?

Among universities, judged by research, Harvard University, The University of Melbourne and University College London score highest, combining citation excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 17.7%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →The University of Me…Shanghai Jiao Tong U…Harvard UniversityUniversity College L…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Citation excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Harvard UniversityUnited States 73.115.7%3.7×134 -0.2%
2The University of MelbourneAustralia 66.521.0%4.0×51 -3.4%
3University College LondonUnited Kingdom 66.413.7%6.1×110 -11.5%
4Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 66.316.5%3.0×98 +23.2%
5Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 65.216.5%3.8×66 -10.3%
6Wenzhou Medical UniversityChina 63.911.7%14.9×85 +53.3%
7University of Eastern FinlandFinland 62.919.4%8.0×20 +26.5%
8Sichuan UniversityChina 62.119.1%1.8×45 +70.2%
9Chinese University of Hong KongChina 61.414.7%4.9×40 +1.8%
10Gunma UniversityJapan 61.428.7%7.7×9 +32.1%

Universities only. The score blends citation excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Retinal Diseases and Treatments, country by country

Is Retinal Diseases and Treatments research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 5% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Retinal Diseases and Treatments.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Retinal Diseases and Treatments as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.049% in 2024.

still counting0.025%0.050%0.075%Retinal Diseases and Treatments0.052% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Retinal Diseases and Treatments over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Retinal Diseases and Treatments9.8% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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