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Topic · Ophthalmology

Retinal and Optic Conditions

Retinal and Optic Conditions is a research topic within Ophthalmology. Science Explorer counts 29k research works in it since 1950. 10.1% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers explores the ocular manifestations of COVID-19, including its impact on the eyes, such as retinal artery occlusion, conjunctivitis, viral shedding in tears and secretions, and the expression of ACE2 receptor on the ocular surface. It also delves into specific conditions like Susac syndrome and utilizes techniques like optical coherence tomography to study these manifestations.

  • COVID-19
  • Ocular Findings
  • Retinal Artery Occlusion
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Tears and Secretions
  • Susac Syndrome
  • Optical Coherence Tomography
  • Viral Shedding
  • ACE2 Receptor
  • Ophthalmic Manifestations
Research works
29k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
2.9k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.1%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
0%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
27% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Retinal and Optic Conditions

This ranks research output and citation impact. It says nothing about the quality of diagnosis, treatment or care.

Which countries lead Retinal and Optic Conditions research?

By volume, the United States and India publish the most (1.1k and 861 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 1.1k works
  2. 2 India 861 works
  3. 3 China 740 works
  4. 4 United Kingdom 305 works
  5. 5 Türkiye 239 works
  6. 6 Japan 208 works
  7. 7 Italy 197 works
  8. 8 Spain 194 works
  9. 9 Germany 176 works
  10. 10 Brazil 159 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 27.1%India: 20.4%China: 17.5%United Kingdom: 7.2%6 others listed: 27.8%27%largest
United States1,143 · 27.1%India861 · 20.4%China740 · 17.5%United Kingdom305 · 7.2%6 others listed1,174 · 27.8%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Retinal and Optic Conditions research?

By volume in 2022-now, Harvard University publishes the most Retinal and Optic Conditions research, followed by University College London and All India Institute of Medical Sciences.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Harvard UniversityUnited States 52 works
  2. 2 University College LondonUnited Kingdom 49 works
  3. 3 All India Institute of Medical SciencesIndia 48 works
  4. 4 Aravind Eye HospitalIndia 38 works
  5. 5 L V Prasad Eye InstituteIndia 35 works
  6. 6 Capital Medical UniversityChina 35 works
  7. 7 Creative CommonsUnited States 33 works
  8. 8 Sankara NethralayaIndia 30 works
  9. 9 Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 29 works
  10. 10 Sun Yat-sen UniversityChina 26 works

Who are the leading researchers in Retinal and Optic Conditions?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Retinal and Optic Conditions include Theo Vos, Jost Bruno Jonas and Graeme J. Hankey.

  1. 1 Theo Vos United States 439k citations
  2. 2 Jost Bruno Jonas Germany 350k citations
  3. 3 Graeme J. Hankey Australia 316k citations
  4. 4 Gregory Y.H. Lip United Kingdom 311k citations
  5. 5 Gonçalo R. Abecasis United States 300k citations
  6. 6 Rakhi Dandona United States 280k citations
  7. 7 Yousef Saleh Khader Jordan 274k citations
  8. 8 Josef Coresh United States 272k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Retinal and Optic Conditions?

The most cited paper in Retinal and Optic Conditions is "Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy in Retinal Fundus Photographs" (Varun Gulshan, Lily Peng, Marc Coram et al., 2016), with 7,873 citations. Next come "Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis" (4,111) and "Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy" (3,744).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy in Retinal Fundus Photographs Varun Gulshan, Lily Peng, Marc Coram et al. · JAMA 29 Nov 2016 7,873
2 Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis Derek K. Chu et al. · The Lancet ReviewOpen access Jun 2020 4,111
3 Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy Ning Tang, Huan Bai, Xing Chen et al. · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Open access 27 Mar 2020 3,744
4 Clinically applicable deep learning for diagnosis and referral in retinal disease Jeffrey De Fauw et al. · Nature Medicine 6 Aug 2018 2,719
5 An international classification and grading system for age-related maculopathy and age-related macular degeneration Alan C. Bird, Neil M. Bressler, Susan B. Bressler et al. · Survey of Ophthalmology Open access Mar 1995 1,939
All 99 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Retinal and Optic Conditions research done?

The largest centres of Retinal and Optic Conditions research in 2022-now are London (United Kingdom), Beijing (China), Chennai (India) and Istanbul (Türkiye). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Madurai and Mountain View.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 LondonUnited Kingdom 119 works
  2. 2 BeijingChina 119 works
  3. 3 ChennaiIndia 104 works
  4. 4 IstanbulTürkiye 79 works
  5. 5 SeoulSouth Korea 79 works
  6. 6 MoscowRussia 78 works
  7. 7 BengaluruIndia 60 works
  8. 8 New DelhiIndia 59 works
  9. 9 ShanghaiChina 58 works
  10. 10 TokyoJapan 58 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. MaduraiIN · 39.0 works23×
  2. Mountain ViewUS · 34.1 works10×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Retinal and Optic Conditions than the world average.

See Retinal and Optic Conditions on the map

Where is the best place to study Retinal and Optic Conditions?

Among universities, judged by research, University College London, Zhejiang University and Chinese University of Hong Kong score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 22.9%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Zhejiang UniversityChinese University o…University College L…Harvard University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1University College LondonUnited Kingdom 65.217.7%5.4×49 -23.1%
2Zhejiang UniversityChina 64.235.7%1.0×16 +93.4%
3Chinese University of Hong KongChina 62.431.4%3.6×15 +2.1%
4Harvard UniversityUnited States 60.115.3%2.9×52 -27.9%
5National University of SingaporeSingapore 55.527.1%1.9×13 -41.8%
6Sichuan UniversityChina 54.926.6%1.5×19 +84.6%
7Northwestern UniversityUnited States 51.719.0%3.9×18 +9.3%
8Wenzhou Medical UniversityChina 51.224.9%5.8×16 +6.5%
9Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 50.614.6%3.4×29 -38.9%
10Capital Medical UniversityChina 50.416.7%5.8×35 -16.1%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Retinal and Optic Conditions, country by country

Is Retinal and Optic Conditions research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 0% lower than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2021.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Retinal and Optic Conditions as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.027% in 2024.

still counting0.020%0.040%0.060%Retinal and Optic Conditions0.022% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Retinal and Optic Conditions over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Retinal and Optic Conditions10.2% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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