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Most cited papers in Immunology and Microbiology

What are the most cited papers in Immunology and Microbiology?

The most cited paper in Immunology and Microbiology is "Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China" (Chaolin Huang et al., 2020), with 52,028 citations. Next come "DADA2: High-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data" (37,958) and "PD-1 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade to Treat Breast Cancer" (30,915).

Showing 50 of 100 papers. Every paper with more than 5,866 citations is listed.

Most cited papers, sortable by citations and release date
#Paper
1 Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Chaolin Huang et al. · The Lancet Open access 24 Jan 2020 52,028
2 DADA2: High-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data Benjamin J. Callahan, Paul J. McMurdie, Michael Rosen et al. · Nature Methods Open access 23 May 2016 37,958
3 PD-1 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade to Treat Breast Cancer Andreas Daniel Hartkopf, Florin‐Andrei Taran, Markus Wallwiener et al. · Breast Care Open access 2016 30,915
4 The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) Mervyn Singer, Clifford Scott Deutschman, Christopher W. Seymour et al. · JAMA Open access 22 Feb 2016 29,012
5 AutoDock4 and AutoDockTools4: Automated docking with selective receptor flexibility Garrett M. Morris, Ruth Huey, William Lindstrom et al. · Journal of Computational Chemistry Open access 27 Apr 2009 25,864
6 A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity Andrew P. Feinberg, Bert Vogelstein · Analytical Biochemistry Jul 1983 25,160
7 Atherosclerosis — An Inflammatory Disease Russell Ross · New England Journal of Medicine 14 Jan 1999 21,815
8 Integrated analysis of multimodal single-cell data Yuhan Hao et al. · Cell Open access 31 May 2021 16,879
9 Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma Frank Stephen Hodi et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 5 Jun 2010 15,337
10 Inflammation and cancer Lisa M. Coussens, Zena Werb · Nature Open access Dec 2002 15,251
11 Simple Combinations of Lineage-Determining Transcription Factors Prime cis-Regulatory Elements Required for Macrophage and B Cell Identities Sven Heinz, Christopher W. Benner, Nathanael J. Spann et al. · Molecular Cell Open access May 2010 14,980
12 The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus Eng M. Tan, Alan S. Cohen, James F. Fries et al. · Arthritis & Rheumatism Nov 1982 14,664
13 Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance Anna-Pelagia Magiorakos, Arjun Srinivasan, Roberta B. Carey et al. · Clinical Microbiology and Infection Open access 7 May 2011 14,554
14 Dendritic cells and the control of immunity Jacques Banchereau, Ralph M. Steinman · Nature Mar 1998 14,440
15 A study of the conditions and mechanism of the diphenylamine reaction for the colorimetric estimation of deoxyribonucleic acid K. Burton · Biochemical Journal Open access Feb 1956 14,144
16 The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy Drew M. Pardoll · Nature reviews. Cancer ReviewOpen access 22 Mar 2012 14,033
17 Safety, Activity, and Immune Correlates of Anti–PD-1 Antibody in Cancer Suzanne Louise Topalian et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 14 Jun 2012 12,842
18 Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding Roujian Lu et al. · The Lancet Open access 30 Jan 2020 12,621
19 Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity Shizuo Akira, Satoshi Uematsu, Osamu Takeuchi · Cell Open access Feb 2006 12,064
20 Lounging in a lysosome: the intracellular lifestyle of Coxiella burnetii Daniel E. Voth, Robert A. Heinzen · Cellular Microbiology Open access 16 Feb 2007 11,768
21 Cancer-related inflammation Alberto Mantovani, Paola Allavena, Antonio Sica et al. · Nature Open access Jul 2008 11,477
22 Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer Sergei I. Grivennikov, Florian R. Greten, Michael Karin · Cell Open access Mar 2010 10,888
23 Heat Shock Protein A12B Protects Vascular Endothelial Cells Against Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice Yi Chen, Lei Wang, Qiuxiang Kang et al. · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry Open access 2017 10,709
24 The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s Russell Ross · Nature Apr 1993 10,703
25 Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells Muhammad Al‐Hajj, Max S. Wicha, Adalberto Benito‐Hernández et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Open access 10 Mar 2003 10,455
26 Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Kill Bacteria Volker Brinkmann, Ulrike Reichard, Christian Goosmann et al. · Science 4 Mar 2004 10,383
27 COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression Puja Mehta, Daniel Francis McAuley, Michael Brown et al. · The Lancet Open access Mar 2020 10,244
28 Nivolumab versus Docetaxel in Advanced Nonsquamous Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer H. Borghaei et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 27 Sep 2015 9,557
29 Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease Paul M. Ridker et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 27 Aug 2017 9,517
30 The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors Taro Kawai, Shizuo Akira · Nature Immunology 20 Apr 2010 9,343
31 Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation David M. Mosser, Justin P. Edwards · Nature reviews. Immunology ReviewOpen access 25 Nov 2008 9,246
32 Pattern Recognition Receptors and Inflammation Osamu Takeuchi, Shizuo Akira · Cell Open access Mar 2010 8,914
33 Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, and Coronary Artery Disease Göran K. Hansson · New England Journal of Medicine 20 Apr 2005 8,822
34 Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: Analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care Derek C. Angus, Walter T. Linde‐Zwirble, Jeffrey R. Lidicker et al. · Critical Care Medicine Jul 2001 8,644
35 NF-κB signaling in inflammation Ting Liu, Lingyun Zhang, Donghyun Joo et al. · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy Open access 14 Jul 2017 8,517
36 Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms MICHAEL A. ZASLOFF · Nature 2002 8,479
37 Innate Immune Recognition Charles A. Janeway, Ruslan M. Medzhitov · Annual Review of Immunology Review Apr 2002 8,439
38 Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue Stuart Phillip Weisberg, Daniel McCann, Manisha Desai et al. · Journal of Clinical Investigation Open access 15 Dec 2003 8,398
39 Neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by activated microglia Shane A. Liddelow et al. · Nature Open access 2017 8,364
40 Toll-like receptor signalling Shizuo Akira, Kiyoshi Takeda · Nature reviews. Immunology Review 30 Jun 2004 8,340
41 Inflammation in atherosclerosis Peter Libby · Nature Dec 2002 8,286
42 Combined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab or Monotherapy in Untreated Melanoma James Larkin et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 31 May 2015 8,266
43 Control of Regulatory T Cell Development by the Transcription Factor Foxp3 Shohei Hori, Takashi Nomura, Shimon Sakaguchi · Science 13 Feb 2003 8,213
44 Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990–2017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study Kristina E. Rudd et al. · The Lancet Open access 2020 8,189
45 Safety and Activity of Anti–PD-L1 Antibody in Patients with Advanced Cancer Julie Renee Brahmer et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 14 Jun 2012 8,100
46 Human Malaria Parasites in Continuous Culture William F. Trager, James B. Jensen · Science 20 Aug 1976 8,039
47 Glutamate neurotoxicity and diseases of the nervous system Dennis W. Choi · Neuron Oct 1988 8,019
48 Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells Jason D. Fontenot, Marc A. Gavin, Alexander Yu Rudensky · Nature Immunology 3 Mar 2003 7,778
49 Genome sequencing in microfabricated high-density picolitre reactors Marcel Margulies et al. · Nature Open access 31 Jul 2005 7,761
50 Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins. Timothy R. Mosmann, Holly M. Cherwinski, M W Bond et al. · The Journal of Immunology Apr 1986 7,553

Citations are OpenAlex's own counts, from its 2026-09-23 snapshot, so the ranking can differ from Google Scholar or Web of Science. A paper is listed for a field when OpenAlex files it under one of the field's topics; retracted papers and papers whose citation count cannot be traced to citing works are left out, and a preprint and the article it became are shown once. Release dates are OpenAlex's: where a source gave only a month or a year, that is what is shown. How the lists are chosen.