Question 1

Which countries lead Immunology research?

Accepted Answer

On research quality in 2022-now, the United States, China and the United Kingdom rank highest in Immunology. By volume, China and the United States publish the most (47k and 36k works in 2022-now).

Question 2

Which institutions lead Immunology research?

Accepted Answer

Harvard University (United States) ranks first in Immunology on research quality in 2022-now, followed by Howard Hughes Medical Institute and National Institutes of Health.

Question 3

Who are the leading researchers in Immunology?

Accepted Answer

Counting only their work in Immunology, Shizuo Akira, Richard Anthony Flavell and Marco Colonna have the most papers in the world top 10% for their subfield and year beyond the 10% expected.

Question 4

Where is Immunology research done?

Accepted Answer

The largest centres of Immunology research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Shanghai (China), Guangzhou (China) and Paris (France). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Seattle.

Question 5

Where is the best place to study Immunology?

Accepted Answer

Among universities, judged by research, Harvard University, Stanford University and Cornell University score highest, combining standing in the field's ranking, citation excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

Question 6

Is Immunology research growing?

Accepted Answer

Output in 2022-2025 was 13% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Immune responses and vaccinations, Immune cells in cancer and interferon and immune responses.

Question 7

What are the most cited papers in Immunology?

Accepted Answer

The most cited paper in Immunology is "Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China" (Chaolin Huang et al., 2020), with 52,028 citations. Next come "PD-1 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade to Treat Breast Cancer" (30,915) and "The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)" (29,012).

Discussion