Most cited papers in Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications
What are the most cited papers in Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications?
The most cited paper in Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications is "A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II" (Kalyanmoy Deb, Amrit Pratap, Sakshi Agarwal et al., 2002), with 49,664 citations. Next come "MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms" (39,563) and "Statistical Learning Theory" (26,900).
Showing 50 of 100 papers. Every paper with more than 1,822 citations is listed.
| # | Paper | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II Kalyanmoy Deb, Amrit Pratap, Sakshi Agarwal et al. · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation | Apr 2002 | 49,664 |
| 2 | MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms Sudhir Kumar, Glen Stecher, Michael M. Li et al. · Molecular Biology and Evolution | May 2018 | 39,563 |
| 3 | Statistical Learning Theory Yuhai Wu, Vladimir N. Vapnik · Technometrics | Nov 1999 | 26,900 |
| 4 | Grey Wolf Optimizer Seyedali Mirjalili, Seyed Mohammad Mirjalili, Seyed Mohammad Mirjalili et al. · Advances in Engineering Software | 21 Jan 2014 | 19,320 |
| 5 | Array programming with NumPy Cr Harris et al. · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics | 17 Sep 2020 | 18,804 |
| 6 | A new optimizer using particle swarm theory R.C. Eberhart, James C. Kennedy | 19 Nov 2002 | 15,000 |
| 7 | The NumPy Array: A Structure for Efficient Numerical Computation Stéfan van der Walt, Steven C. Colbert, Gaël Varoquaux · Computing in Science & Engineering | Mar 2011 | 11,189 |
| 8 | A modified particle swarm optimizer Yibing Shi, R.C. Eberhart | 27 Nov 2002 | 10,246 |
| 9 | MOEA/D: A Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Decomposition Qingfu Zhang, Hui Li · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation | 29 Nov 2007 | 10,000 |
| 10 | The particle swarm - explosion, stability, and convergence in a multidimensional complex space Maurice Clerc, James C. Kennedy · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation | 2002 | 9,039 |
| 11 | Reinforcement Learning: A Survey Leslie Pack Kaelbling, Michael L. Littman, Andrew Moore · Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research | May 1996 | 8,975 |
| 12 | Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms: a comparative case study and the strength Pareto approach Eckart Zitzler, Lothar Thiele · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation | 1999 | 8,815 |
| 13 | Ant colony system: a cooperative learning approach to the traveling salesman problem Marco Dorigo, Luca Maria Gambardella · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation | Apr 1997 | 8,098 |
| 14 | A powerful and efficient algorithm for numerical function optimization: artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm Derviş Karaboğa, Bahriye Basturk · Journal of Global Optimization | 13 Apr 2007 | 7,669 |
| 15 | Simple statistical gradient-following algorithms for connectionist reinforcement learning Ronald J. Williams · Machine Learning | May 1992 | 7,519 |
| 16 | GSA: A Gravitational Search Algorithm Esmat Rashedi, Hossein Nezamabadi–pour, Saeı̈d Saryazdi · Information Sciences | 17 Mar 2009 | 7,418 |
| 17 | Muiltiobjective Optimization Using Nondominated Sorting in Genetic Algorithms N. Srinivas, Kalyanmoy Deb · Evolutionary Computation | Sep 1994 | 6,944 |
| 18 | Harris hawks optimization: Algorithm and applications Ali Asghar Heidari, Seyedali Mirjalili, Hossam Faris et al. · Future Generation Computer Systems | 28 Feb 2019 | 6,334 |
| 19 | Comparison of Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms: Empirical Results Eckart Zitzler, Kalyanmoy Deb, Lothar Thiele · Evolutionary Computation | Jun 2000 | 5,711 |
| 20 | A practical tutorial on the use of nonparametric statistical tests as a methodology for comparing evolutionary and swarm intelligence algorithms Joaquín Derrac, Salvador García, Daniel Molina et al. · Swarm and Evolutionary Computation | Mar 2011 | 5,536 |
| 21 | Differential Evolution: A Survey of the State-of-the-Art Swagatam Das, Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam Suganthan · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation | 19 Oct 2010 | 5,321 |
| 22 | A Fast Elitist Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm for Multi-objective Optimization: NSGA-II Kalyanmoy Deb, Samir G. Agrawal, Amrit Pratap et al. · Lecture notes in computer science | 2000 | 5,282 |
| 23 | A survey on feature selection methods Girish Chandrashekar, Ferat Sahin · Computers & Electrical Engineering | 6 Dec 2013 | 5,248 |
| 24 | Teaching–learning-based optimization: A novel method for constrained mechanical design optimization problems R. Venkata Rao, Vimal J. Savsani, Dipak P. Vakharia · Computer-Aided Design | 8 Jan 2011 | 5,174 |
| 25 | TM4: A Free, Open-Source System for Microarray Data Management and Analysis A Saeed et al. · BioTechniques | Feb 2003 | 4,994 |
| 26 | A New Metaheuristic Bat-Inspired Algorithm Xin‐She Yang · Studies in computational intelligence | 2010 | 4,794 |
| 27 | A discrete binary version of the particle swarm algorithm James C. Kennedy, R.C. Eberhart | 22 Nov 2002 | 4,767 |
| 28 | A review on genetic algorithm: past, present, and future Sourabh Katoch, Sumit Singh Chauhan, Vijay Kumar · Multimedia Tools and Applications | 31 Oct 2020 | 4,634 |
| 29 | A genetic algorithm tutorial Darrell Whitley · Statistics and Computing | Jun 1994 | 4,575 |
| 30 | Handling multiple objectives with particle swarm optimization Carlos A. Coello Coello, G.T. Pulido, M.S. Lechuga · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation | Jun 2004 | 4,471 |
| 31 | Completely Derandomized Self-Adaptation in Evolution Strategies Nikolaus Hansen, Andreas Ostermeier · Evolutionary Computation | Jun 2001 | 4,414 |
| 32 | Performance assessment of multiobjective optimizers: an analysis and review Eckart Zitzler, Lothar Thiele, Marco Laumanns et al. · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation | Apr 2003 | 4,344 |
| 33 | Biogeography-Based Optimization D. Simon · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation | 4 Aug 2008 | 4,332 |
| 34 | Particle swarm optimization: developments, applications and resources Eberhart, Yuhui Shi | 2001 | 4,324 |
| 35 | Firefly Algorithms for Multimodal Optimization Xin‐She Yang · Lecture notes in computer science | 2009 | 4,098 |
| 36 | Empirical study of particle swarm optimization Yibing Shi, R.C. Eberhart | 20 Jan 2003 | 3,958 |
| 37 | Evolutionary programming made faster Xin Yao, Yong Liu, Guangming Lin · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation | Jul 1999 | 3,937 |
| 38 | An efficient constraint handling method for genetic algorithms Kalyanmoy Deb · Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering | Jun 2000 | 3,897 |
| 39 | A novel swarm intelligence optimization approach: sparrow search algorithm Jiankai Xue, Bo Shen · Systems Science & Control Engineering | 2020 | 3,851 |
| 40 | Approximate Statistical Tests for Comparing Supervised Classification Learning Algorithms Thomas G. Dietterich · Neural Computation | Oct 1998 | 3,800 |
| 41 | Comprehensive learning particle swarm optimizer for global optimization of multimodal functions Jing Liang, A. Kai Qin, Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam Suganthan et al. · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation | Jun 2006 | 3,768 |
| 42 | JADE: Adaptive Differential Evolution With Optional External Archive Jingqiao Zhang, Arthur C. Sanderson · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation | 21 Aug 2009 | 3,764 |
| 43 | Bias in random forest variable importance measures: Illustrations, sources and a solution Carolin Strobl, Anne‐Laure Boulesteix, Achim Zeileis et al. · BMC Bioinformatics | 25 Jan 2007 | 3,760 |
| 44 | On the performance of artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm Derviş Karaboğa, B. Basturk · Applied Soft Computing | 4 Jun 2007 | 3,691 |
| 45 | Differential Evolution Algorithm With Strategy Adaptation for Global Numerical Optimization A. Kai Qin, V. L. Huang, Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam Suganthan · IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation | 29 Sep 2008 | 3,637 |
| 46 | A general reinforcement learning algorithm that masters chess, shogi, and Go through self-play David Lawrence Silver, Thomas Hubert, Julian Schrittwieser et al. · Science | 6 Dec 2018 | 3,636 |
| 47 | Deep Reinforcement Learning with Double Q-Learning Hado van Hasselt, Arthur Guez, David Lawrence Silver · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence | 2 Mar 2016 | 3,510 |
| 48 | Evolving Neural Networks through Augmenting Topologies Kenneth Owen Stanley, Risto P Miikkulainen · Evolutionary Computation | Jun 2002 | 3,317 |
| 49 | The Ant Lion Optimizer Seyedali Mirjalili · Advances in Engineering Software | 3 Mar 2015 | 3,237 |
| 50 | A comparative study of Artificial Bee Colony algorithm Derviş Karaboğa, Bahriye Akay · Applied Mathematics and Computation | 13 Apr 2009 | 3,222 |
Citations are OpenAlex's own counts, from its 2026-09-23 snapshot, so the ranking can differ from Google Scholar or Web of Science. A paper is listed for a field when OpenAlex files it under one of the field's topics; retracted papers and papers whose citation count cannot be traced to citing works are left out, and a preprint and the article it became are shown once. Release dates are OpenAlex's: where a source gave only a month or a year, that is what is shown. How the lists are chosen.