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Most cited papers in Immune responses and vaccinations

What are the most cited papers in Immune responses and vaccinations?

The most cited paper in Immune responses and vaccinations is "Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China" (Chaolin Huang et al., 2020), with 52,028 citations. Next come "Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding" (12,621) and "Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body" (5,258).

Showing 50 of 100 papers. Every paper with more than 973 citations is listed.

Most cited papers, sortable by citations and release date
#Paper
1 Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China Chaolin Huang et al. · The Lancet Open access 24 Jan 2020 52,028
2 Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding Roujian Lu et al. · The Lancet Open access 30 Jan 2020 12,621
3 Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body Ron Sender, Shai Fuchs, Ron Milo · PLoS Biology Open access 19 Aug 2016 5,258
4 Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019 Guang Chen, Di Wu, Wei Guo et al. · Journal of Clinical Investigation Open access 27 Mar 2020 5,083
5 Dysregulation of Immune Response in Patients With Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China Chuan Qin, Luo‐Qi Zhou, Ziwei Hu et al. · Clinical Infectious Diseases Open access 6 Mar 2020 5,047
6 Tolerance, Danger, and the Extended Family Polly Matzinger · Annual Review of Immunology Apr 1994 4,825
7 Unravelling the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease Ramnik J. Xavier, Daniel K. Podolsky · Nature Jul 2007 4,394
8 Interactions Between the Microbiota and the Immune System Lora V. Hooper, Dan R. Littman, Andrew J. Macpherson · Science Open access 6 Jun 2012 4,273
9 The Danger Model: A Renewed Sense of Self Polly Matzinger · Science 12 Apr 2002 4,209
10 Randomized, Controlled Trials, Observational Studies, and the Hierarchy of Research Designs John Concato, Nirav R. Shah, Ralph I. Horwitz · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 22 Jun 2000 3,575
11 Effectiveness of Covid-19 Vaccines against the B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant Jamie Lopez Bernal, Nick J Andrews, Charlotte Gower et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 21 Jul 2021 3,090
12 Trained immunity: A program of innate immune memory in health and disease Mihai Gheorghe Netea, Leo A. B. Joosten, Eicke Latz et al. · Science Open access 21 Apr 2016 2,825
13 BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Mass Vaccination Setting Noa Dagan, Noam Barda, Eldad Kepten et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 24 Feb 2021 2,818
14 Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis Stephen J. Sawcer et al. · Nature Open access241 authors Aug 2011 2,772
15 SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes HCA Lung Biological Network, Waradon Sungnak, Ni Huang et al. · Nature Medicine Open access 23 Apr 2020 2,743
16 Defining trained immunity and its role in health and disease Mihai Gheorghe Netea, Jorge Domínguez‐Andrés, Luis Bruno Barreiro et al. · Nature reviews. Immunology ReviewOpen access 4 Mar 2020 2,707
17 Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis worldwide: Insights from the Atlas of MS, third edition Clare Walton, Rachel King, Lindsay Rechtman et al. · Multiple Sclerosis Journal Open access 11 Nov 2020 2,668
18 Innate Immunity: The Virtues of a Nonclonal System of Recognition Ruslan M. Medzhitov, Charles A. Janeway · Cell Open access Oct 1997 2,448
19 Diversity, Mechanisms, and Significance of Macrophage Plasticity Massimo Locati, Graziella Curtale, Alberto Mantovani · Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease ReviewOpen access 17 Sep 2019 2,266
20 mTOR- and HIF-1α–mediated aerobic glycolysis as metabolic basis for trained immunity Shih‐Chin Cheng et al. · Science Open access 25 Sep 2014 2,266
21 Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Carlos Augusto Gomes · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) Open access 24 Mar 2020 2,230
22 Control of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system Akiko Iwasaki, Ruslan M. Medzhitov · Nature Immunology Open access 19 Mar 2015 2,182
23 The Global Burden of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Re-estimation Using Mathematical Modelling Rein M G J Houben, Peter J. Dodd · PLoS Medicine Open access 25 Oct 2016 2,133
24 From Monocytes to M1/M2 Macrophages: Phenotypical vs. Functional Differentiation Paola Italiani, Diana Boraschi · Frontiers in Immunology Open access 17 Oct 2014 2,104
25 Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory infections in 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 Christopher Troeger et al. · The Lancet Infectious Diseases Open access144 authors 19 Sep 2018 2,095
26 COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b1 elicits human antibody and TH1 T cell responses Uğur Şahin et al. · Nature Open access 30 Sep 2020 2,072
27 Efficacy of BCG Vaccine in the Prevention of Tuberculosis Graham A. Colditz · JAMA 2 Mar 1994 1,936
28 Waning Immune Humoral Response to BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine over 6 Months Einav G. Levin, Yaniv Lustig, Carmit Cohen et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 6 Oct 2021 1,832
29 Evolution of the immune system in humans from infancy to old age Anna Katharina Simon, Georg A. Holländer, Andrew James McMichael · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences Open access 22 Dec 2015 1,826
30 Epigenetic programming of monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and trained innate immunity Sadia Saeed et al. · Science Open access 25 Sep 2014 1,805
31 Immunological Memory and Protective Immunity: Understanding Their Relation Rafi Ahmed, David C. Gray · Science 5 Apr 1996 1,789
32 Bacille Calmette-Guérin induces NOD2-dependent nonspecific protection from reinfection via epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes Johanneke Kleinnijenhuis, Jessica Quintin, Frank W. M. B. Preijers et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Open access 17 Sep 2012 1,784
33 Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development of hypertension Jing Li, Fangqing Zhao, Yidan Wang et al. · Microbiome Open access 31 Jan 2017 1,777
34 Immunity and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis Dennis Wolf, Klaus Ley · Circulation Research Open access 17 Jan 2019 1,768
35 Impact and effectiveness of mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 cases, hospitalisations, and deaths following a nationwide vaccination campaign in Israel: an observational study using national surveillance data Eric J. Haas, Frederick J. Angulo, John M. McLaughlin et al. · The Lancet Open access May 2021 1,764
36 Immunometabolism governs dendritic cell and macrophage function Luke A.J. O'Neill, Edward J. Pearce · The Journal of Experimental Medicine Open access 22 Dec 2015 1,736
37 Trained Immunity: A Memory for Innate Host Defense Mihai G. Netea, Jessica Quintin, Jos W. M. van der Meer · Cell Host & Microbe Open access May 2011 1,711
38 A guide to vaccinology: from basic principles to new developments Andrew John Pollard, Else Margreet Bijker · Nature reviews. Immunology ReviewOpen access 22 Dec 2020 1,621
39 Induction of Protective IgA by Intestinal Dendritic Cells Carrying Commensal Bacteria Andrew J. Macpherson, Therese Uhr · Science 11 Mar 2004 1,592
40 Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine through 6 Months Stephen J. Thomas et al. · New England Journal of Medicine Open access 15 Sep 2021 1,574
41 Innate immunity: impact on the adaptive immune response Ruslan M. Medzhitov, Charles A. Janeway · Current Opinion in Immunology ReviewOpen access Feb 1997 1,559
42 New use of BCG for recombinant vaccines C. Kendall Stover, Vidal F. de la Cruz, Thomas R. Fuerst et al. · Nature 6 Jun 1991 1,513
43 Probable Pangolin Origin of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with the COVID-19 Outbreak Tao Zhang, Qunfu Wu, Zhigang Zhang · Current Biology Open access 19 Mar 2020 1,503
44 Through Ageing, and Beyond: Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Status in Seniors and Centenarians Elena Biagi, Lotta Nylund, Marco Candela et al. · PLoS ONE Open access 17 May 2010 1,503
45 Emerging concepts in the science of vaccine adjuvants Bali Pulendran, Prabhu S. Arunachalam, Derek T. O’Hagan · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery ReviewOpen access 6 Apr 2021 1,422
46 Safety and immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine administered in a prime-boost regimen in young and old adults (COV002): a single-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 2/3 trial Maheshi N Ramasamy et al. · The Lancet Open access421 authors 19 Nov 2020 1,415
47 Long-term effects of Aβ42 immunisation in Alzheimer's disease: follow-up of a randomised, placebo-controlled phase I trial Clive Holmes, Delphine Boche, David G. Wilkinson et al. · The Lancet Jul 2008 1,406
48 InnateDB: systems biology of innate immunity and beyond—recent updates and continuing curation Karin Breuer, Amir B. K. Foroushani, Matthew R. Laird et al. · Nucleic Acids Research Open access 23 Nov 2012 1,399
49 Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines on covid-19 related symptoms, hospital admissions, and mortality in older adults in England: test negative case-control study Jamie Lopez Bernal, Nick J Andrews, Charlotte Gower et al. · BMJ Open access 13 May 2021 1,398
50 Variation in protection by BCG: implications of and for heterologous immunity Paul Fine · The Lancet Nov 1995 1,395

Citations are OpenAlex's own counts, from its 2026-09-23 snapshot, so the ranking can differ from Google Scholar or Web of Science. A paper is listed for a field when OpenAlex files it under one of the field's topics; retracted papers and papers whose citation count cannot be traced to citing works are left out, and a preprint and the article it became are shown once. Release dates are OpenAlex's: where a source gave only a month or a year, that is what is shown. How the lists are chosen.