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Most cited papers in Probability and Risk Models

What are the most cited papers in Probability and Risk Models?

The most cited paper in Probability and Risk Models is "Modelling of extremal events in insurance and finance" (Paul Embrechts, Hanspeter Schmidli, 1994), with 3,536 citations. Next come "Comparison of Three Methods for Selecting Values of Input Variables in the Analysis of Output from a Computer Code" (3,249) and "A Comparison of Three Methods for Selecting Values of Input Variables in the Analysis of Output From a Computer Code" (2,847).

Showing 50 of 100 papers. Every paper with more than 339 citations is listed.

Most cited papers, sortable by citations and release date
#Paper
1 Modelling of extremal events in insurance and finance Paul Embrechts, Hanspeter Schmidli · Mathematical Methods of Operations Research Feb 1994 3,536
2 Comparison of Three Methods for Selecting Values of Input Variables in the Analysis of Output from a Computer Code Michael D. McKay, Richard J. Beckman, William Jay Conover · Technometrics May 1979 3,249
3 A Comparison of Three Methods for Selecting Values of Input Variables in the Analysis of Output From a Computer Code Michael D. McKay, Richard J. Beckman, William Jay Conover · Technometrics Feb 2000 2,847
4 Probability and computing: randomized algorithms and probabilistic analysis Michael Mitzenmacher, Eli Upfal · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) 2005 1,914
5 A Class of Statistics with Asymptotically Normal Distribution Wassily Hoeffding · Springer series in statistics Book chapter 1992 1,913
6 Sums of independent random variables T. W. Körner · Cambridge University Press eBooks Book chapter 28 Jan 1988 1,806
7 Rank-Normalization, Folding, and Localization: An Improved Rˆ for Assessing Convergence of MCMC (with Discussion) Aki Vehtari, Andrew Gelman, Daniel Simpson et al. · Bayesian Analysis Open access 3 Jul 2020 1,671
8 A distribution-free approach to inducing rank correlation among input variables Ronald L. Iman, William Jay Conover · Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation 1982 1,635
9 Statistical Inference Procedures for Bivariate Archimedean Copulas Christian Genest, Louis‐Paul Rivest · Journal of the American Statistical Association Sep 1993 1,216
10 Mean-Value Analysis of Closed Multichain Queuing Networks M. Reiser, Stephen S. Lavenberg · Journal of the ACM Open access Apr 1980 1,166
11 Weighted sums of certain dependent random variables Kazuoki Azuma · Tohoku Mathematical Journal Open access 1967 1,143
12 Modelling Dependence with Copulas and Applications to Risk Management Paul Embrechts, Filip Lindskog, Alexander J. McNeil · Elsevier eBooks Book chapter 2003 1,064
13 Sequential Monte Carlo Methods for Dynamic Systems Jun S. Liu, Rong Chen · Journal of the American Statistical Association Sep 1998 1,033
14 The Analysis of Social Science Data with Missing Values Roderick J. A. Little, Donald B. Rubin · Sociological Methods & Research Nov 1989 1,025
15 Metric: A Multi-Echelon Technique for Recoverable Item Control Craig C. Sherbrooke · Operations Research Feb 1968 964
16 Computational algorithms for closed queueing networks with exponential servers Jeffrey P. Buzen · Communications of the ACM Open access Sep 1973 872
17 Small sample sensitivity analysis techniques for computer models.with an application to risk assessment Ronald L. Iman, William Jay Conover · Communication in Statistics- Theory and Methods 1980 853
18 Some results for repairable systems with general repair Masaaki Kijima · Journal of Applied Probability Open access Mar 1989 844
19 Modeling failure time data by lehman alternatives Ramesh C. Gupta, Pushpa Lata Gupta, Rameshwar D. Gupta · Communication in Statistics- Theory and Methods 1998 834
20 On the Time Value of Ruin Hans U. Gerber, Elias S. W. Shiu · North American Actuarial Journal 1998 799
21 Families of $m$-variate distributions with given margins and $m(m-1)/2$ bivariate dependence parameters Harry Joe · Lecture notes-monograph series Book chapterOpen access 1996 797
22 Probability Inequalities for the Sum of Independent Random Variables G. G. Bennett · Journal of the American Statistical Association Mar 1962 770
23 Saddle point approximation for the distribution of the sum of independent random variables Robert Lugannani, Stephen A. Rice · Advances in Applied Probability Jun 1980 767
24 Some Remarks on the Value-at-Risk and the Conditional Value-at-Risk Georg Ch. Pflug · Nonconvex optimization and its applications Book chapter 2000 761
25 The Joy of Copulas: Bivariate Distributions with Uniform Marginals Christian Genest, Jock MacKay · The American Statistician Nov 1986 726
26 The Output of a Queuing System Paul J. Burke · Operations Research Dec 1956 714
27 Optimization of computer simulation models with rare events Reuven Y. Rubinstein · European Journal of Operational Research May 1997 708
28 Closed Queuing Systems with Exponential Servers William J. Gordon, Gordon Frank Newell · Operations Research Apr 1967 692
29 The Fréchet distance between multivariate normal distributions David Dowson, B. V. Landau · Journal of Multivariate Analysis Open access Sep 1982 683
30 The Theory of Dispersion Models Ananda Sen · Technometrics May 1999 683
31 On the Asymptotic Theory of Fixed-Width Sequential Confidence Intervals for the Mean Yuan Shih Chow, Herbert E. Robbins · The Annals of Mathematical Statistics Open access Apr 1965 657
32 Classes of orderings of measures and related correlation inequalities. I. Multivariate totally positive distributions Samuel Karlin, Yosef Rinott · Journal of Multivariate Analysis Open access Dec 1980 653
33 The concept of comonotonicity in actuarial science and finance: theory Jan Dhaene, Michel M. Denuit, Marc J. Goovaerts et al. · Insurance Mathematics and Economics Aug 2002 634
34 Stochastic Decompositions in the M/G/1 Queue with Generalized Vacations Steven W. Fuhrmann, Robert B. Cooper · Operations Research Oct 1985 630
35 SOME SIMPLE MODELS FOR DISCRETE VARIATE TIME SERIES 1 Ed McKenzie · JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association Aug 1985 625
36 Adventures in Stochastic Processes. A. D. Barbour, Sidney I. Resnick · Journal of the American Statistical Association Dec 1993 620
37 Tests for departure from normality. Empirical results for the distributions of b2 and √b1 Ralph B. D’Agostino, E. S. Pearson · Biometrika 1973 610
38 Recursive Evaluation of a Family of Compound Distributions Harry H. Panjer · Astin Bulletin Open access Jun 1981 579
39 On Some Simple Estimates of an Exponent of Regular Variation Peter A. Hall · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology) Sep 1982 579
40 Tempering stable processes Jan Rosiński · Stochastic Processes and their Applications Open access 4 Nov 2006 568
41 Fast simulation of rare events in queueing and reliability models Philip Heidelberger · ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation Open access 1995 567
42 Asymptotic Null Distribution of the Likelihood Ratio Test in Markov Switching Models René García · International Economic Review Aug 1998 564
43 Bivariate extreme statistics, I Masaaki Sibuya · Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics Jun 1960 564
44 Integral Probability Metrics and Their Generating Classes of Functions Alfred Müller · Advances in Applied Probability Jun 1997 559
45 Approximating a Point Process by a Renewal Process, I: Two Basic Methods Ward Whitt · Operations Research Feb 1982 555
46 The distribution of the sum of independent gamma random variables P. G. Moschopoulos · Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics Dec 1985 553
47 The Optimal Control of Partially Observable Markov Processes over the Infinite Horizon: Discounted Costs Edward J. Sondik · Operations Research Apr 1978 549
48 Differentially Private Empirical Risk Minimization Kamalika Chaudhuri, Claire Monteleoni, Anand D. Sarwate · arXiv (Cornell University) PreprintOpen access Dec 2009 545
49 Further results on a class of distributions which includes the normal ones Adelchi Azzalini · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) Open access 2013 530
50 How vague is vague? A simulation study of the impact of the use of vague prior distributions in MCMC using WinBUGS Paul Christopher Lambert, Alex J. Sutton, Paul Robert Burton et al. · Statistics in Medicine 2005 522

Citations are OpenAlex's own counts, from its 2026-09-23 snapshot, so the ranking can differ from Google Scholar or Web of Science. A paper is listed for a field when OpenAlex files it under one of the field's topics; retracted papers and papers whose citation count cannot be traced to citing works are left out, and a preprint and the article it became are shown once. Release dates are OpenAlex's: where a source gave only a month or a year, that is what is shown. How the lists are chosen.