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Probability and Risk Models

Probability and Risk Models is a research topic within Management Science and Operations Research. Science Explorer counts 14k research works in it since 1950. 10.1% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on modeling various aspects of risk in insurance and finance, including ruin probabilities, optimal dividend policies, heavy-tailed distributions, stochastic processes, rare event simulation, and dependence modeling. The research covers a wide range of topics related to insurance risk management and financial modeling.

  • Insurance
  • Risk
  • Dividend
  • Ruin Probability
  • Heavy-Tailed Distributions
  • Stochastic Processes
  • Rare Event Simulation
  • Optimal Control
  • Dependence Modeling
  • Claim Reserving
Research works
14k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
1.4k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.1%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+4%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
36% of the 10 largest, 2022-now

Which countries lead Probability and Risk Models research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (398 and 205 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 398 works
  2. 2 United States 205 works
  3. 3 India 105 works
  4. 4 Russia 68 works
  5. 5 France 65 works
  6. 6 Germany 61 works
  7. 7 Canada 60 works
  8. 8 United Kingdom 58 works
  9. 9 Italy 50 works
  10. 10 Japan 47 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 35.6%United States: 18.4%India: 9.4%Russia: 6.1%6 others listed: 30.6%36%largest
China398 · 35.6%United States205 · 18.4%India105 · 9.4%Russia68 · 6.1%6 others listed341 · 30.6%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Probability and Risk Models research?

By volume in 2022-now, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique publishes the most Probability and Risk Models research, followed by Anhui University and Russian Academy of Sciences.

Who are the leading researchers in Probability and Risk Models?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Probability and Risk Models include Leo Breiman, Michael I. Jordan and Peter Donnelly.

  1. 1 Leo Breiman United States 243k citations
  2. 2 Michael I. Jordan United States 182k citations
  3. 3 Peter Donnelly United Kingdom 175k citations
  4. 4 H. Vincent Poor United States 165k citations
  5. 5 Bradley Efron United States 140k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Probability and Risk Models?

The most cited paper in Probability and Risk Models is "Modelling of extremal events in insurance and finance" (Paul Embrechts, Hanspeter Schmidli, 1994), with 3,536 citations. Next come "Comparison of Three Methods for Selecting Values of Input Variables in the Analysis of Output from a Computer Code" (3,249) and "A Comparison of Three Methods for Selecting Values of Input Variables in the Analysis of Output From a Computer Code" (2,847).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Modelling of extremal events in insurance and finance Paul Embrechts, Hanspeter Schmidli · Mathematical Methods of Operations Research Feb 1994 3,536
2 Comparison of Three Methods for Selecting Values of Input Variables in the Analysis of Output from a Computer Code Michael D. McKay, Richard J. Beckman, William Jay Conover · Technometrics May 1979 3,249
3 A Comparison of Three Methods for Selecting Values of Input Variables in the Analysis of Output From a Computer Code Michael D. McKay, Richard J. Beckman, William Jay Conover · Technometrics Feb 2000 2,847
4 Probability and computing: randomized algorithms and probabilistic analysis Michael Mitzenmacher, Eli Upfal · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) 2005 1,914
5 A Class of Statistics with Asymptotically Normal Distribution Wassily Hoeffding · Springer series in statistics Book chapter 1992 1,913
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Probability and Risk Models research done?

The largest centres of Probability and Risk Models research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Moscow (Russia), Hefei (China) and Nanjing (China).

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 43 works
  2. 2 MoscowRussia 38 works
  3. 3 HefeiChina 32 works
  4. 4 NanjingChina 24 works
  5. 5 TokyoJapan 19 works
  6. 6 ParisFrance 18 works
  7. 7 TianjinChina 16 works
  8. 8 ShanghaiChina 16 works
  9. 9 LondonUnited Kingdom 15 works
  10. 10 SuzhouChina 15 works
See Probability and Risk Models on the map

Where is the best place to study Probability and Risk Models?

Among universities, judged by research, Anhui University, University of Piraeus and Chizhou University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%5%10%15%mean 6.93%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Jilin UniversityChizhou UniversityAnhui UniversityUniversity of Piraeus
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Anhui UniversityChina 75.98.0%34.9×24 -11.2%
2University of PiraeusGreece 53.97.8%102.5×11 +88.4%
3Chizhou UniversityChina 53.39.6%364.5×10 -
4Jilin UniversityChina 52.713.0%4.8×8 +53.4%
5The University of MelbourneAustralia 45.910.3%4.8×8 -38.4%
6Vilnius UniversityLithuania 43.57.0%26.8×10 +8.2%
7Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussia 37.15.5%7.8×10 -12.1%
8Guilin University of TechnologyChina 33.33.9%26.6×9 +31.0%
9Henan Normal UniversityChina 33.04.2%29.4×9 +144.4%
10Singapore Management UniversitySingapore 27.60.0%55.2×9 -

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Probability and Risk Models, country by country

Is Probability and Risk Models research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 4% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2013. The fastest-growing topics are Probability and Risk Models.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Probability and Risk Models as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0070% in 2024.

still counting0.010%0.020%0.030%Probability and Risk Models0.0072% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Probability and Risk Models over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Probability and Risk Models10.1% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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