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Topic · Management Science and Operations Research

Psychometric Methodologies and Testing

Psychometric Methodologies and Testing is a research topic within Management Science and Operations Research. Science Explorer counts 12k research works in it since 1950. 10.2% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the topic of measurement invariance in structural equation modeling, exploring concepts such as factor analysis, latent class analysis, reliability estimation, model fit indices, Likert scales, Cronbach's alpha, item response theory, and cross-cultural research. The papers discuss various methods and best practices for evaluating and ensuring measurement invariance across different groups and conditions.

  • Structural Equation Modeling
  • Measurement Invariance
  • Factor Analysis
  • Latent Class Analysis
  • Reliability Estimation
  • Model Fit Indices
  • Likert Scales
  • Cronbach's Alpha
  • Item Response Theory
  • Cross-Cultural Research
Research works
12k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
1.3k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.2%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+23%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
46% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Psychometric Methodologies and Testing

Which countries lead Psychometric Methodologies and Testing research?

By volume, the United States and Germany publish the most (842 and 222 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 842 works
  2. 2 Germany 222 works
  3. 3 China 214 works
  4. 4 United Kingdom 116 works
  5. 5 Türkiye 92 works
  6. 6 Canada 85 works
  7. 7 Netherlands 82 works
  8. 8 Indonesia 69 works
  9. 9 Japan 69 works
  10. 10 Italy 57 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 45.6%Germany: 12.0%China: 11.6%United Kingdom: 6.3%6 others listed: 24.6%46%largest
United States842 · 45.6%Germany222 · 12.0%China214 · 11.6%United Kingdom116 · 6.3%6 others listed454 · 24.6%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Psychometric Methodologies and Testing research?

By volume in 2022-now, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel publishes the most Psychometric Methodologies and Testing research, followed by University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Educational Testing Service.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu KielGermany 23 works
  2. 2 University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUnited States 22 works
  3. 3 Educational Testing ServiceUnited States 20 works
  4. 4 Sapienza University of RomeItaly 17 works
  5. 5 University of AmsterdamNetherlands 15 works
  6. 6 Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation TrustUnited Kingdom 14 works
  7. 7 University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUnited States 14 works
  8. 8 University of IowaUnited States 14 works
  9. 9 Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenGermany 14 works
  10. 10 University of AlabamaUnited States 13 works

Who are the leading researchers in Psychometric Methodologies and Testing?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Psychometric Methodologies and Testing include David Moher, Douglas G. Altman and Robert John Tibshirani.

  1. 1 David Moher Canada 898k citations
  2. 2 Douglas G. Altman United Kingdom 862k citations
  3. 3 Robert John Tibshirani United States 396k citations
  4. 4 Hermann Brenner Germany 343k citations
  5. 5 Matthias Egger Switzerland 326k citations
  6. 6 John P. A. Ioannidis United States 317k citations
  7. 7 Gordon Henry Guyatt Canada 315k citations
  8. 8 Donald B. Rubin United States 301k citations
  9. 9 Trevor Hastie United States 301k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Psychometric Methodologies and Testing?

The most cited paper in Psychometric Methodologies and Testing is "Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives" (Li‐tze Hu, Peter M. Bentler, 1999), with 108,782 citations. Next come "Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies." (80,679) and "Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error" (71,613).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives Li‐tze Hu, Peter M. Bentler · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal 1999 108,782
2 Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Philip M. Podsakoff, SCOTT B. MACKENZIE, Jeong Yeon Lee et al. · Journal of Applied Psychology 2003 80,679
3 Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error Claes Fornell, David F. Larcker · Journal of Marketing Research Feb 1981 71,613
4 Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests Lee J. Cronbach · Psychometrika Open access Sep 1951 44,025
5 Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. James C. Anderson, David W. Gerbing · Psychological Bulletin May 1988 40,395
All 99 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Psychometric Methodologies and Testing research done?

The largest centres of Psychometric Methodologies and Testing research in 2022-now are New York (United States), Beijing (China), Ankara (Türkiye) and London (United Kingdom). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Kiel and Princeton.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 New YorkUnited States 37 works
  2. 2 BeijingChina 35 works
  3. 3 AnkaraTürkiye 30 works
  4. 4 LondonUnited Kingdom 29 works
  5. 5 AmsterdamNetherlands 26 works
  6. 6 PrincetonUnited States 24 works
  7. 7 SeoulSouth Korea 24 works
  8. 8 KielGermany 23 works
  9. 9 TokyoJapan 23 works
  10. 10 Chapel HillUnited States 22 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. KielDE · 23.0 works22×
  2. PrincetonUS · 24.0 works15×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Psychometric Methodologies and Testing than the world average.

See Psychometric Methodologies and Testing on the map

Where is the best place to study Psychometric Methodologies and Testing?

Among universities, judged by research, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, University of Oslo and University of Amsterdam score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%mean 15.64%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →University of OsloLudwig-Maximilians-U…Christian-Albrechts-…University of Amster…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu KielGermany 77.812.0%32.4×23 +157.3%
2University of OsloNorway 75.123.0%7.4×11 +52.8%
3University of AmsterdamNetherlands 71.911.5%10.6×15 +22.2%
4Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenGermany 70.714.6%6.7×14 +143.4%
5University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUnited States 65.311.4%5.4×22 -40.0%
6Utrecht UniversityNetherlands 65.219.6%5.4×9 +39.9%
7Tilburg UniversityNetherlands 64.418.3%28.2×11 +58.6%
8Arizona State UniversityUnited States 64.321.3%8.0×12 -18.7%
9University of TorontoCanada 54.421.0%1.8×8 +61.9%
10University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUnited States 53.53.7%7.1×14 +23.5%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Psychometric Methodologies and Testing, country by country

Is Psychometric Methodologies and Testing research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 23% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2026. The fastest-growing topics are Psychometric Methodologies and Testing.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Psychometric Methodologies and Testing as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0074% in 2024.

still counting0.010%0.020%0.030%Psychometric Methodologies and Testing0.012% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Psychometric Methodologies and Testing over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Psychometric Methodologies and Testing9.9% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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