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Most cited papers in Sleep and Wakefulness Research

What are the most cited papers in Sleep and Wakefulness Research?

The most cited paper in Sleep and Wakefulness Research is "A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale" (Murray W. Johns, 1991), with 17,509 citations. Next come "Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research" (8,166) and "The hippocampus as a spatial map. Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely-moving rat" (6,410).

Showing 50 of 100 papers. Every paper with more than 1,582 citations is listed.

Most cited papers, sortable by citations and release date
#Paper
1 A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale Murray W. Johns · SLEEP Nov 1991 17,509
2 Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research Célyne Bastien · Sleep Medicine Jul 2001 8,166
3 The hippocampus as a spatial map. Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely-moving rat John M. O'Keefe, Jonathan O. Dostrovsky · Brain Research Nov 1971 6,410
4 Orexins and Orexin Receptors: A Family of Hypothalamic Neuropeptides and G Protein-Coupled Receptors that Regulate Feeding Behavior Takeshi Sakurai et al. · Cell Open access Feb 1998 5,551
5 Sleep Drives Metabolite Clearance from the Adult Brain Lulu Xie, Hongyi Kang, Qiwu Xu et al. · Science Open access 17 Oct 2013 5,527
6 EEGNet: a compact convolutional neural network for EEG-based brain–computer interfaces Vernon J Lawhern, Amelia J Solon, Nicholas R Waytowich et al. · Journal of Neural Engineering Open access 22 Jun 2018 4,722
7 The Insomnia Severity Index: Psychometric Indicators to Detect Insomnia Cases and Evaluate Treatment Response Charles M. Morin, Geneviève Belleville, Lynda Bélanger et al. · SLEEP Open access May 2011 4,716
8 Précis of The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system Jeffrey A. Gray · Behavioral and Brain Sciences Sep 1982 4,525
9 Microstructure of a spatial map in the entorhinal cortex Torkel Hafting, Marianne Fyhn, Sturla Molden et al. · Nature 19 Jun 2005 4,296
10 The hypocretins: Hypothalamus-specific peptides with neuroexcitatory activity Luı́s de Lecea, Thomas S. Kilduff, Christelle Peyron et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Open access 6 Jan 1998 3,912
11 International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition Michael J. Sateia · CHEST Journal Nov 2014 3,905
12 The memory function of sleep Susanne Diekelmann, Jan Born · Nature reviews. Neuroscience Review 4 Jan 2010 3,834
13 Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn Maurice Moyses Ohayon · Sleep Medicine Reviews May 2002 3,775
14 Phototransduction by Retinal Ganglion Cells That Set the Circadian Clock David M. Berson, Felice A. Dunn, Motoharu Takao · Science 8 Feb 2002 3,689
15 Thalamocortical Oscillations in the Sleeping and Aroused Brain Mircea Steriade, David A. McCormick, T. J. Sejnowski · Science 29 Oct 1993 3,649
16 Neurons Containing Hypocretin (Orexin) Project to Multiple Neuronal Systems Christelle Peyron, Devin K. Tighe, Anthony N. van den Pol et al. · Journal of Neuroscience Open access Dec 1998 3,495
17 Meta-Analysis of Quantitative Sleep Parameters From Childhood to Old Age in Healthy Individuals: Developing Normative Sleep Values Across the Human Lifespan Maurice Moyses Ohayon, Mary A. Carskadon, Christian Guilleminault et al. · SLEEP ReviewOpen access Oct 2004 3,386
18 Navigation-related structural change in the hippocampi of taxi drivers Eleanor A. Maguire, David G. Gadian, Ingrid S. Johnsrude et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Open access 14 Mar 2000 3,277
19 Contributions of the Amygdala to Emotion Processing: From Animal Models to Human Behavior Elizabeth A. Phelps, Joseph E. LeDoux · Neuron Open access Oct 2005 3,256
20 Reactivation of Hippocampal Ensemble Memories During Sleep Matthew A. Wilson, Bruce L. McNaughton · Science 29 Jul 1994 3,251
21 The Cumulative Cost of Additional Wakefulness: Dose-Response Effects on Neurobehavioral Functions and Sleep Physiology From Chronic Sleep Restriction and Total Sleep Deprivation Hans P. A. Van Dongen, Greg Maislin, Janet M. Mullington et al. · SLEEP Mar 2003 3,177
22 Subjective and Objective Sleepiness in the Active Individual Torbjörn Åkerstedt, Mats Gillberg · International Journal of Neuroscience 1990 3,124
23 Narcolepsy in orexin Knockout Mice Richard M. Chemelli, Jon Timothy Willie, Christopher M. Sinton et al. · Cell Open access Aug 1999 3,111
24 About Sleep's Role in Memory Björn Rasch, Jan Born · Physiological Reviews ReviewOpen access Apr 2013 2,894
25 Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions implicated in reward and emotion Anne J. Blood, Robert J. Zatorre · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Open access 25 Sep 2001 2,868
26 The neuroscience of mindfulness meditation Yi-Yuan Tang, Britta Karen Hölzel, Michael I. Posner · Nature reviews. Neuroscience Review 18 Mar 2015 2,861
27 International Union of Pharmacology. XXVII. Classification of Cannabinoid Receptors A­llyn C. Howlett, F. Barth, T.I. Bonner et al. · Pharmacological Reviews Jun 2002 2,839
28 Hypothalamic regulation of sleep and circadian rhythms Clifford B. Saper, Thomas E. Scammell, Jun Lu · Nature 26 Oct 2005 2,833
29 Insomnia as a predictor of depression: A meta-analytic evaluation of longitudinal epidemiological studies Chiara Baglioni, Gemma Battagliese, Bernd Feige et al. · Journal of Affective Disorders 7 Feb 2011 2,810
30 The Role of Actigraphy in the Study of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms Sonia Ancoli‐Israel, Roger J. Cole, Cathy Alessi et al. · SLEEP May 2003 2,783
31 The Sleep Disorder Canine Narcolepsy Is Caused by a Mutation in the Hypocretin (Orexin) Receptor 2 Gene Ling Lin, Juliette H. Faraco, Robin Guohuibin Li et al. · Cell Open access Aug 1999 2,641
32 The locus coeruleus–noradrenergic system: modulation of behavioral state and state-dependent cognitive processes Craig W. Berridge, Barry D. Waterhouse · Brain Research Reviews Apr 2003 2,611
33 Autophagy in Human Health and Disease Augustine M.K. Choi, Stefan W. Ryter, Beth Levine · New England Journal of Medicine 13 Feb 2013 2,600
34 The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ): Psychometric Properties of A Survey Instrument for School-Aged Children Judith Owens, Anthony Spirito, Melissa McGuinn · SLEEP Dec 2000 2,574
35 A Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind Matthew A. Killingsworth, Daniel T. Gilbert · Science Open access 11 Nov 2010 2,570
36 Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Circadian Clock Mutant Mice Fred William Turek, Corinne E. Joshu, Akira Kohsaka et al. · Science Open access 21 Apr 2005 2,510
37 Short Sleep Duration Is Associated with Reduced Leptin, Elevated Ghrelin, and Increased Body Mass Index Shahrad Taheri, Ling Lin, Diane E. Austin et al. · PLoS Medicine Open access 7 Dec 2004 2,505
38 Regularly Occurring Periods of Eye Motility, and Concomitant Phenomena, During Sleep Eugene Aserinsky, Nathaniel Kleitman · Science 4 Sep 1953 2,484
39 Sleep and the Price of Plasticity: From Synaptic and Cellular Homeostasis to Memory Consolidation and Integration Giulio Tononi, Chiara Cirelli · Neuron Open access 2014 2,477
40 The Human Hippocampus and Spatial and Episodic Memory Neil Burgess, Eleanor A. Maguire, John M. O'Keefe · Neuron Open access Aug 2002 2,477
41 International Classification of Sleep Disorders Michael J. Thorpy Book chapter 2017 2,475
42 Brief Communication: Sleep Curtailment in Healthy Young Men Is Associated with Decreased Leptin Levels, Elevated Ghrelin Levels, and Increased Hunger and Appetite Karine Spiegel, Esra Tasali, Plamen D. Penev et al. · Annals of Internal Medicine 7 Dec 2004 2,466
43 Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention? Daniel E. Ford · JAMA 15 Sep 1989 2,459
44 National Sleep Foundation’s updated sleep duration recommendations: final report Max Hirshkowitz, Kaitlyn Whiton, Steven M. Albert et al. · Sleep Health 31 Oct 2015 2,394
45 Seasonal Affective Disorder Norman E. Rosenthal · Archives of General Psychiatry 1984 2,386
46 Pathophysiology of Sleep Apnea Jerome A. Dempsey, Sigrid Carlen Veasey, Barbara J. Morgan et al. · Physiological Reviews ReviewOpen access 2010 2,244
47 The Consensus Sleep Diary: Standardizing Prospective Sleep Self-Monitoring Colleen E. Carney, Daniel J. Buysse, Sonia Ancoli‐Israel et al. · SLEEP Open access 31 Jan 2012 2,227
48 Sleep function and synaptic homeostasis Giulio Tononi, Chiara Cirelli · Sleep Medicine Reviews 23 Dec 2005 2,197
49 Orexin activation counteracts decreases in nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) caused by high-fat diet Patricia E. Bunney, Anastasia N. Zink, Anja Holm et al. · Physiology & Behavior Open access 28 Mar 2017 2,184
50 Sleep duration predicts cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies Francesco Paolo Cappuccio, Daniel James Cooper, Lanfranco D’Elia et al. · European Heart Journal Review 7 Feb 2011 2,181

Citations are OpenAlex's own counts, from its 2026-09-23 snapshot, so the ranking can differ from Google Scholar or Web of Science. A paper is listed for a field when OpenAlex files it under one of the field's topics; retracted papers and papers whose citation count cannot be traced to citing works are left out, and a preprint and the article it became are shown once. Release dates are OpenAlex's: where a source gave only a month or a year, that is what is shown. How the lists are chosen.