Sleep and Wakefulness Research

Sleep and Wakefulness Research is a research topic within Cognitive Neuroscience. Science Explorer counts 45k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers explores the intricate relationship between sleep and memory, focusing on the role of hypocretin/orexin neurons, circadian rhythms, synaptic homeostasis, and narcolepsy. It delves into the mechanisms of memory consolidation during sleep, the impact of different sleep stages on memory formation, and the neural substrates underlying these processes.

Sleep
Memory
Consolidation
Hypocretin
Neurons
Circadian Rhythms
Synaptic Homeostasis
Learning
Orexin
Narcolepsy

Research works: 45k
In the world top 10%: 4.5k
Top-10% rate: 9.9%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25: +17%
Largest producer: United States

Sleep and Wakefulness Research

Which countries lead Sleep and Wakefulness Research research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (2.8k and 1.3k works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

1 United States 2.8k works
2 China 1.3k works
3 Germany 464 works
4 France 426 works
5 Japan 423 works
6 United Kingdom 410 works
7 India 353 works
8 Italy 350 works
9 Canada 324 works
10 Australia 320 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States2,763 · 38.5%China1,339 · 18.7%Germany464 · 6.5%France426 · 5.9%6 others listed2,179 · 30.4%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Sleep and Wakefulness Research research?

By volume in 2022-now, Harvard University publishes the most Sleep and Wakefulness Research research, followed by Inserm and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.

By volume, 2022-now

1 Harvard UniversityUnited States 163 works
2 InsermFrance 82 works
3 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 82 works
4 Stanford UniversityUnited States 79 works
5 Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States 51 works
6 Peking UniversityChina 51 works
7 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 50 works
8 University of TorontoCanada 48 works
9 Charité - Universitätsmedizin BerlinGermany 48 works
10 University of PennsylvaniaUnited States 47 works

Who are the leading researchers in Sleep and Wakefulness Research?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Sleep and Wakefulness Research include George Davey Smith, Mark J. Daly and Ronald C. Kessler.

1 George Davey Smith United Kingdom 435k citations
2 Mark J. Daly United States 403k citations
3 Ronald C. Kessler United States 360k citations
4 Jun Wang China 340k citations
5 Mika Kivimäki United Kingdom 318k citations
6 Karl John Friston United Kingdom 310k citations
7 Matthias Mann Germany 308k citations
8 Dan J. Stein South Africa 306k citations
9 Luigi Ferrucci United States 281k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Sleep and Wakefulness Research?

The most cited paper in Sleep and Wakefulness Research is "A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale" (Murray W. Johns, 1991), with 17,509 citations. Next come "Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research" (8,166) and "The hippocampus as a spatial map. Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely-moving rat" (6,410).

Most cited papers
#	Paper	Released	Citations
1	A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale Murray W. Johns · SLEEP	Nov 1991	17,509
2	Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research Célyne Bastien · Sleep Medicine	Jul 2001	8,166
3	The hippocampus as a spatial map. Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely-moving rat John M. O'Keefe, Jonathan O. Dostrovsky · Brain Research	Nov 1971	6,410
4	Orexins and Orexin Receptors: A Family of Hypothalamic Neuropeptides and G Protein-Coupled Receptors that Regulate Feeding Behavior Takeshi Sakurai et al. · Cell Open access	Feb 1998	5,551
5	Sleep Drives Metabolite Clearance from the Adult Brain Lulu Xie, Hongyi Kang, Qiwu Xu et al. · Science Open access	17 Oct 2013	5,527

All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Sleep and Wakefulness Research research done?

The largest centres of Sleep and Wakefulness Research research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Paris (France), Boston (United States) and Shanghai (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Bron.

Largest cities, 2022-now

1 BeijingChina 224 works
2 ParisFrance 192 works
3 BostonUnited States 138 works
4 ShanghaiChina 123 works
5 LondonUnited Kingdom 122 works
6 TokyoJapan 122 works
7 New YorkUnited States 112 works
8 SeoulSouth Korea 104 works
9 GuangzhouChina 94 works
10 RomeItaly 88 works

Where it is the local speciality

BronFR · 24.0 works22×

← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Sleep and Wakefulness Research than the world average.

See Sleep and Wakefulness Research on the map

Where is the best place to study Sleep and Wakefulness Research?

Among universities, judged by research, Harvard University, Stanford University and Medical University of Lodz score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged

40%

Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share

10%

Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale

30%

Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%

10%

Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad

10%

Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.

#	University	Score	Top 10%	Specialisation	Works	Growth
1	Harvard UniversityUnited States	78.6	15.5%	6.1×	163	+16.7%
2	Stanford UniversityUnited States	64.6	11.3%	6.4×	79	+20.2%
3	Medical University of LodzPoland	64.6	30.2%	9.5×	12	+144.7%
4	ETH ZurichSwitzerland	61.5	25.4%	2.1×	12	+30.7%
5	University of OxfordUnited Kingdom	61.4	19.0%	3.1×	36	-7.1%
6	University of BernSwitzerland	59.2	9.6%	10.0×	46	+46.4%
7	Washington University in St. LouisUnited States	58.5	15.6%	3.8×	23	+78.4%
8	University of ZurichSwitzerland	57.9	12.2%	6.0×	35	+7.3%
9	Johns Hopkins UniversityUnited States	56.6	9.8%	4.0×	51	+34.8%
10	University of PennsylvaniaUnited States	56.0	18.0%	5.3×	47	-14.6%
11	University of California, San FranciscoUnited States	55.4	14.8%	5.6×	34	-1.8%
12	The University of SydneyAustralia	55.1	15.1%	3.4×	35	+22.5%
13	Monash UniversityAustralia	54.1	11.3%	4.3×	35	+42.1%
14	Peking UniversityChina	53.4	12.5%	3.0×	51	+60.5%
15	Flinders UniversityAustralia	53.2	12.2%	8.6×	19	+29.4%
16	University College LondonUnited Kingdom	53.0	14.1%	2.3×	30	-4.6%
17	Karolinska InstitutetSweden	53.0	13.8%	3.6×	17	+31.3%
18	University of GenevaSwitzerland	52.3	21.5%	3.0×	10	+41.9%
19	Macquarie UniversityAustralia	52.1	11.7%	8.0×	24	+96.2%
20	University of FreiburgGermany	52.0	17.4%	5.7×	22	+5.6%
21	University of California San DiegoUnited States	51.4	11.7%	3.9×	32	+8.0%
22	Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfGermany	51.4	21.9%	4.8×	14	+12.0%
23	University of California, Los AngelesUnited States	51.2	10.9%	3.6×	35	+13.7%
24	New York UniversityUnited States	50.9	10.6%	2.7×	26	+19.8%
25	Imperial College LondonUnited Kingdom	50.9	15.8%	1.7×	15	+74.8%
26	Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyUnited States	50.8	15.8%	1.8×	10	+63.9%
27	Fudan UniversityChina	50.5	14.3%	2.4×	31	+27.5%
28	Université Paris CitéFrance	50.2	10.7%	5.0×	31	+27.5%
29	Central South UniversityChina	50.1	19.6%	1.1×	17	+78.1%
30	Pennsylvania State UniversityUnited States	49.9	17.1%	2.5×	23	+6.1%
31	Radboud University NijmegenNetherlands	49.7	15.8%	3.5×	18	+17.8%
32	Université de MontpellierFrance	49.7	13.2%	5.1×	14	+67.4%
33	Jinan UniversityChina	49.4	23.3%	2.2×	10	+383.8%
34	National University of SingaporeSingapore	48.7	16.0%	2.3×	23	-14.0%
35	University of VirginiaUnited States	48.6	12.3%	3.7×	19	+82.4%
36	University of LausanneSwitzerland	48.6	20.8%	4.0×	15	-22.1%
37	University of CopenhagenDenmark	48.4	14.5%	2.8×	22	+58.1%
38	Université LavalCanada	48.1	16.9%	4.6×	16	-33.3%
39	Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineChina	47.5	23.6%	4.1×	8	+122.7%
40	Tufts UniversityUnited States	47.4	13.4%	4.2×	16	+31.0%
41	University of TorontoCanada	46.9	9.4%	2.8×	48	-5.2%
42	Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityItaly	46.9	12.2%	10.8×	11	+82.4%
43	Innsbruck Medical UniversityAustria	46.7	14.2%	13.3×	10	+59.1%
44	Chinese University of Hong KongChina	46.4	7.2%	3.4×	21	+70.9%
45	Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina	46.2	11.2%	1.5×	36	+47.3%
46	University of California, BerkeleyUnited States	45.8	20.5%	1.1×	8	-35.3%
47	University of MichiganUnited States	45.0	10.9%	3.0×	38	-3.5%
48	University of SurreyUnited Kingdom	45.0	6.4%	4.4×	9	+12.5%
49	Semmelweis UniversityHungary	43.3	11.2%	10.2×	16	+217.3%
50	University of Hong KongChina	43.1	5.4%	2.4×	18	+12.6%
51	Central Queensland UniversityAustralia	41.3	8.8%	11.7×	10	+0.3%
52	Tsukuba International UniversityJapan	36.1	12.6%	161.1×	13	-23.0%
53	Philipps University of MarburgGermany	32.9	2.5%	13.3×	31	-7.0%
54	Medizinische Hochschule HannoverGermany	31.3	1.3%	13.3×	29	-
55	King Saud UniversitySaudi Arabia	31.1	5.3%	1.5×	12	+15.7%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Sleep and Wakefulness Research, country by country

Is Sleep and Wakefulness Research research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 17% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Sleep and Wakefulness Research.

grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Sleep and Wakefulness Research as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.039% in 2024.

Fractional works of Sleep and Wakefulness Research over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

Questions people ask

How much research is there on sleep, and is it growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 17% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Sleep and Wakefulness Research.

Is Sleep and Wakefulness Research research growing?

All 1,273 questions in the Question Catalogue

Discussion

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Which countries lead Sleep and Wakefulness Research research?

By volume, 2022-now

How concentrated that is

Which institutions lead Sleep and Wakefulness Research research?

By volume, 2022-now

Who are the leading researchers in Sleep and Wakefulness Research?

What are the most cited papers in Sleep and Wakefulness Research?

Where is Sleep and Wakefulness Research research done?

Largest cities, 2022-now

Where it is the local speciality

Where is the best place to study Sleep and Wakefulness Research?

Is Sleep and Wakefulness Research research growing?

Its share of all research

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Which topics inside it are moving

Related research

Questions people ask

How much research is there on sleep, and is it growing?

Discussion