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Topic · Cognitive Neuroscience

Memory Processes and Influences

Memory Processes and Influences is a research topic within Cognitive Neuroscience. Science Explorer counts 16k research works in it since 1950. 9.8% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers explores the neural mechanisms underlying memory retrieval, including the roles of recollection and familiarity, metacognitive processes, emotional memory, and the testing effect. It also delves into the phenomena of forgetting and false memories.

  • Memory Retrieval
  • Episodic Memory
  • Recollection
  • Familiarity
  • Metacognition
  • Emotional Memory
  • Testing Effect
  • Neural Correlates
  • Forgetting
  • False Memory
Research works
16k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
1.5k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.8%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
-1%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
43% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Memory Processes and Influences

Which countries lead Memory Processes and Influences research?

By volume, the United States and the United Kingdom publish the most (796 and 215 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 796 works
  2. 2 United Kingdom 215 works
  3. 3 China 182 works
  4. 4 Germany 171 works
  5. 5 Canada 149 works
  6. 6 Japan 86 works
  7. 7 France 77 works
  8. 8 Australia 69 works
  9. 9 Netherlands 62 works
  10. 10 Italy 57 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 42.7%United Kingdom: 11.5%China: 9.7%Germany: 9.2%6 others listed: 26.8%43%largest
United States796 · 42.7%United Kingdom215 · 11.5%China182 · 9.7%Germany171 · 9.2%6 others listed500 · 26.8%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Memory Processes and Influences research?

By volume in 2022-now, University of Toronto publishes the most Memory Processes and Influences research, followed by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Harvard University.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 University of TorontoCanada 27 works
  2. 2 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 23 works
  3. 3 Harvard UniversityUnited States 17 works
  4. 4 University of California, Los AngelesUnited States 17 works
  5. 5 University College LondonUnited Kingdom 15 works
  6. 6 Maastricht UniversityNetherlands 15 works
  7. 7 University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom 14 works
  8. 8 University of ChicagoUnited States 14 works
  9. 9 City University of New YorkUnited States 13 works
  10. 10 University of LiègeBelgium 13 works

Who are the leading researchers in Memory Processes and Influences?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Memory Processes and Influences include Daniel J. Kahneman, Karl John Friston and Kaj Blennow.

  1. 1 Daniel J. Kahneman United States 395k citations
  2. 2 Karl John Friston United Kingdom 310k citations
  3. 3 Kaj Blennow Sweden 247k citations
  4. 4 John C. Morris United States 241k citations
  5. 5 Kai You Wang China 224k citations
  6. 6 Ronald Carl Petersen United States 207k citations
  7. 7 Trevor William Robbins United Kingdom 199k citations
  8. 8 Demis Hassabis United Kingdom 199k citations
  9. 9 Bruce Leonard Miller United States 196k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Memory Processes and Influences?

The most cited paper in Memory Processes and Influences is "Levels of processing: A framework for memory research" (Fergus I. M. Craik, Robert S. Lockhart, 1972), with 9,656 citations. Next come "The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory?" (7,368) and "Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and a general theory." (7,177).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Levels of processing: A framework for memory research Fergus I. M. Craik, Robert S. Lockhart · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior Dec 1972 9,656
2 The episodic buffer: a new component of working memory? Alan D. Baddeley · Trends in Cognitive Sciences Review Nov 2000 7,368
3 Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and a general theory. Richard M. Shiffrin, Walter Schneider · Psychological Review Mar 1977 7,177
4 Human Memory: A Proposed System and its Control Processes R. C. Atkinson, Richard M. Shiffrin · ˜The œPsychology of learning and motivation/˜The œpsychology of learning and motivation Book chapterOpen access 1968 7,147
5 The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity Nelson Cowan · Behavioral and Brain Sciences Open access Feb 2001 6,947
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Memory Processes and Influences research done?

The largest centres of Memory Processes and Influences research in 2022-now are London (United Kingdom), New York (United States), Beijing (China) and Toronto (Canada).

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 LondonUnited Kingdom 41 works
  2. 2 New YorkUnited States 40 works
  3. 3 BeijingChina 38 works
  4. 4 TorontoCanada 37 works
  5. 5 Los AngelesUnited States 28 works
  6. 6 BostonUnited States 24 works
  7. 7 TokyoJapan 22 works
  8. 8 ParisFrance 22 works
  9. 9 ChicagoUnited States 21 works
  10. 10 ShanghaiChina 18 works
See Memory Processes and Influences on the map

Where is the best place to study Memory Processes and Influences?

Among universities, judged by research, University of Toronto, University of Zurich and University of California, Los Angeles score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%30%mean 18.05%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →University of ZurichUniversity of Califo…University of Califo…University of Toronto
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1University of TorontoCanada 70.19.3%6.8×27 -5.7%
2University of ZurichSwitzerland 65.625.9%7.9×11 -12.1%
3University of California, Los AngelesUnited States 63.218.7%7.6×17 +11.5%
4University of California, DavisUnited States 62.419.3%8.0×12 +14.6%
5University College LondonUnited Kingdom 60.419.9%4.7×15 -29.1%
6Harvard UniversityUnited States 57.413.2%2.8×17 +17.2%
7University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom 55.922.6%6.0×14 -16.3%
8Université Grenoble AlpesFrance 52.514.4%12.9×12 +99.4%
9Washington University in St. LouisUnited States 47.816.5%9.3×13 -37.9%
10McGill UniversityCanada 46.220.7%5.9×12 -21.3%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Memory Processes and Influences, country by country

Is Memory Processes and Influences research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 1% lower than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Memory Processes and Influences as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0083% in 2024.

still counting0.020%0.040%Memory Processes and Influences0.0091% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Memory Processes and Influences over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Memory Processes and Influences10.0% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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