Most cited papers in Twentieth Century Scientific Developments
What are the most cited papers in Twentieth Century Scientific Developments?
The most cited paper in Twentieth Century Scientific Developments is "Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes" (И. Лакатос, 1970), with 4,449 citations. Next come "Nuclear Constitution and the Interpretation of Fission Phenomena" (2,174) and "Table of Isotopes" (1,154).
Showing 50 of 100 papers. Every paper with more than 86 citations is listed.
| # | Paper | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes И. Лакатос · Cambridge University Press eBooks | 2 Sep 1970 | 4,449 |
| 2 | Nuclear Constitution and the Interpretation of Fission Phenomena David L. Hill, JOHN ARCHIBALD WHEELER · Physical Review | Mar 1953 | 2,174 |
| 3 | Table of Isotopes Donald Strominger, J.M. Hollander, G.T. Seaborg · Reviews of Modern Physics | Apr 1958 | 1,154 |
| 4 | Pharmaceutical innovation by the seven UK‐owned pharmaceutical companies (1964‐1985). RA Prentis, Yvonne Lis, SR Walker · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology | Mar 1988 | 473 |
| 5 | The coal gas story. United Kingdom suicide rates, 1960-71. Norman Kreitman · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health | Jun 1976 | 454 |
| 6 | The Scientists' Organizations in 1950 Clifford Grobstein, A. H. Shapley, J. L. Michiels et al. · Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists | 1951 | 413 |
| 7 | Jewish gynecologists in Germany in the first half of the twentieth century Udo Rudloff, Hans Christoph Ludwig · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics | 6 Aug 2005 | 379 |
| 8 | Medicines and Men: Burroughs, Wellcome & Co, and the British drug Industry before the Second World War Tansey Em · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine | Aug 2002 | 377 |
| 9 | SIR J. Y. SIMPSON—HIS IMPACT AND INFLUENCE* J. Chassar Mom · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology | Apr 1964 | 372 |
| 10 | Observation of Antiprotons O. Chamberlain, Emilio G. Segrè, Clyde E. Wiegand et al. · Physical Review | Nov 1955 | 336 |
| 11 | Nuclear Energy Level Argument for a Spheroidal Nuclear Model James C. Rainwater · Physical Review | Aug 1950 | 316 |
| 12 | Constituting the Postwar Earth Sciences Ronald E. Doel · Social Studies of Science | Oct 2003 | 273 |
| 13 | The Primacy of Science in Modernity, of Technology in Postmodernity, and of Ideology in the History of Technology Paul Forman · History and Technology | Mar 2007 | 257 |
| 14 | Organizing Integrity: American Science and the Creation of Public Interest Organizations, 1955-1975 Kelly Moore · American Journal of Sociology | May 1996 | 241 |
| 15 | Atoms for Peace, Scientific Internationalism, and Scientific Intelligence John Krige · Osiris | 2006 | 240 |
| 16 | A Minsky Crisis Luke Taylor, Stephen A. O’Connell · The Quarterly Journal of Economics | 1985 | 235 |
| 17 | The Physicists: The History of a Scientific Community in Modern America Daniel J. Kevles, Lewis Pyenson · Physics Today | Mar 1978 | 234 |
| 18 | Least-Squares Adjustment of the Atomic Constants, 1952 Jesse W. M. DuMond, Elaine R. Cohen · Reviews of Modern Physics | Jul 1953 | 233 |
| 19 | Vinylierung Walter Reppe · Justus Liebig s Annalen der Chemie | 31 Dec 1956 | 231 |
| 20 | The Other Re‐engineering of Engineering Education, 1900–1965 Bruce E. Seely · Journal of Engineering Education | Jul 1999 | 229 |
| 21 | Advances in the Production and Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements Α. Türler, V. Pershina · Chemical Reviews | 13 Feb 2013 | 226 |
| 22 | Making Dollars out of DNA: The First Major Patent in Biotechnology and the Commercialization of Molecular Biology, 1974-1980 Sally Smith. Hughes · Isis | Sep 2001 | 223 |
| 23 | PLACENTA ACCRETA, 1945–1969 H E Fox · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey | Jul 1972 | 221 |
| 24 | The French Crime of 1873: An Essay on the Emergence of the International Gold Standard, 1870–1880 Marc Flandreau · The Journal of Economic History | Dec 1996 | 215 |
| 25 | Cerenkov radiation and its applications John V. Jelley · British Journal of Applied Physics | Jul 1955 | 213 |
| 26 | Nuclear Isomerism and Shell Structure M. Goldhaber, Richard D. Hill · Reviews of Modern Physics | Jul 1952 | 209 |
| 27 | The Story of Nitinol: The Serendipitous Discovery of the Memory Metal and Its Applications George B. Kauffman, Isaac Mayo · The Chemical Educator | Jun 1997 | 207 |
| 28 | Asking Photons Where They Have Been Ariel Danan, Demitry Farfurnik, Shimshon Bar-Ad et al. · Physical Review Letters | 9 Dec 2013 | 205 |
| 29 | ‘Brain circulation’ and transnational knowledge networks: studying long‐term effects of academic mobility to Germany, 1954–2000 Heike Jöns · Global Networks | 10 Jun 2009 | 200 |
| 30 | The 1971 atomic mass evaluation in five parts N. B. Gove, A.H. Wapstra · Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables | Nov 1972 | 195 |
| 31 | The science/technology relationship, the craft of experimental science, and policy for the improvement of high technology innovation Derek de Solla Price · Research Policy | Apr 1993 | 195 |
| 32 | The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry, by Bennett Harrison and Barry Bluestone Larry C. Ledebur · Political Science Quarterly | 1983 | 191 |
| 33 | “SURVIVAL IS YOUR BUSINESS”: Engineering Ruins and Affect in Nuclear America Joseph Masco · Cultural Anthropology | May 2008 | 190 |
| 34 | General theory of mechanism of emulsion polymerization. II William Draper Harkins · Journal of Polymer Science | Apr 1950 | 185 |
| 35 | THE 1987 ATHENS HEATWAVE Klea Katsouyanni, D. Trichopoulos, X Zavitsanos et al. · The Lancet | Sep 1988 | 185 |
| 36 | What’s Special about Basic Research? Jane E Calvert · Science Technology & Human Values | 14 Feb 2006 | 183 |
| 37 | Theories of nuclear fission L.R. · Nuclear Physics | Nov 1964 | 171 |
| 38 | The Evolution of Competitive Advantage in the Worldwide Semiconductor Industry, 1947–1996 Richard N. Langlois, W. Edward Steinmueller · Cambridge University Press eBooks | 13 Oct 1999 | 169 |
| 39 | Scientific Autonomy, Public Accountability, and the Rise of “Peer Review” in the Cold War United States Melinda Jane Baldwin · Isis | Sep 2018 | 165 |
| 40 | Research Triangle Park Jeanne P. Brewer · Nature | Mar 1994 | 162 |
| 41 | Science diplomacy at the intersection of S&T policies and foreign affairs: toward a typology of national approaches Tim Flink, Ulrich Schreiterer · Science and Public Policy | Nov 2010 | 162 |
| 42 | Nuclear Configurations in the Spin-Orbit Coupling Model. II. Theoretical Considerations Maria Goeppert Mayer · Physical Review | Apr 1950 | 161 |
| 43 | Fermi, Pasta, Ulam, and a mysterious lady Thierry Dauxois · Physics Today | 2008 | 161 |
| 44 | Truth for Its Own Sake: Academic Culture and Technology Transfer at Johns Hopkins University Maryann P. Feldman, Pierre Desrochers · Minerva | Jun 2004 | 158 |
| 45 | Project Camelot and the 1960s Epistemological Revolution Mark Solovey · Social Studies of Science | Apr 2001 | 156 |
| 46 | The Nobel Prize in Physics E. Karlsson · CO-PUBLISHED WITH IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS eBooks | Aug 2001 | 149 |
| 47 | The development of the quantum-mechanical electron theory of metals: 1928—1933 Lillian Hartmann Hoddeson, Gordon Baym, Michael Eckert · Reviews of Modern Physics | 1987 | 149 |
| 48 | The Munich Project CIP F. L. Brauer, Rudolf Berghammer, Walter Dosch et al. · Lecture notes in computer science | 1985 | 147 |
| 49 | Symmetrical shapes of equilibrium for a liquid drop model V. M. Strutinsky, N. Ya. Lyashchenko, Nikolay A. Popov · Nuclear Physics | Jul 1963 | 141 |
| 50 | The Isolated Nuclear Family: Fact or Fiction Marvin B. Sussman · Social Problems | Apr 1959 | 139 |
Citations are OpenAlex's own counts, from its 2026-09-23 snapshot, so the ranking can differ from Google Scholar or Web of Science. A paper is listed for a field when OpenAlex files it under one of the field's topics; retracted papers and papers whose citation count cannot be traced to citing works are left out, and a preprint and the article it became are shown once. Release dates are OpenAlex's: where a source gave only a month or a year, that is what is shown. How the lists are chosen.