Most cited papers in Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
What are the most cited papers in Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes?
The most cited paper in Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes is "The Analytic Hierarchy Process" (Thomas L. Saaty, Kevin P. Kearns, 1985), with 15,416 citations. Next come "Levels of processing: A framework for memory research" (9,656) and "Cognitive Load During Problem Solving: Effects on Learning" (9,446).
Showing 50 of 99 papers. Every paper with more than 1,123 citations is listed.
| # | Paper | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The Analytic Hierarchy Process Thomas L. Saaty, Kevin P. Kearns · Elsevier eBooks | 1985 | 15,416 |
| 2 | Levels of processing: A framework for memory research Fergus I. M. Craik, Robert S. Lockhart · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior | Dec 1972 | 9,656 |
| 3 | Cognitive Load During Problem Solving: Effects on Learning John Sweller · Cognitive Science | Apr 1988 | 9,446 |
| 4 | Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences. Robert B. Zajonc · American Psychologist | Feb 1980 | 7,922 |
| 5 | Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Keith Rayner · Psychological Bulletin | Nov 1998 | 7,711 |
| 6 | Human Memory: A Proposed System and its Control Processes R. C. Atkinson, Richard M. Shiffrin · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation | 1968 | 7,147 |
| 7 | Why Minimal Guidance During Instruction Does Not Work: An Analysis of the Failure of Constructivist, Discovery, Problem-Based, Experiential, and Inquiry-Based Teaching Paul A. Kirschner, John Sweller, Richard E. Clark · Educational Psychologist | May 2006 | 6,873 |
| 8 | Individual differences in working memory and reading Meredyth Daneman, Patricia A. Carpenter · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior | Aug 1980 | 6,400 |
| 9 | Mental Rotation of Three-Dimensional Objects Roger N. Shepard, Jacqueline Metzler · Science | 19 Feb 1971 | 6,316 |
| 10 | Cognitive Architecture and Instructional Design John Sweller, Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer, FRED G. W. C. PAAS · Educational Psychology Review | Sep 1998 | 5,786 |
| 11 | Defining Virtual Reality: Dimensions Determining Telepresence Jonathan Steuer · Journal of Communication | Dec 1992 | 5,436 |
| 12 | Working Memory Alan Baddeley, Graham J. Hitch · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation | 1974 | 5,377 |
| 13 | Categorization and Representation of Physics Problems by Experts and Novices* T. H. Michelene, Paul J. Feltovich, Robert A. Glaser · Cognitive Science | Apr 1981 | 5,269 |
| 14 | Perception in chess William G. Chase, Herbert A. Simon · Cognitive Psychology | 1973 | 4,403 |
| 15 | Nine Ways to Reduce Cognitive Load in Multimedia Learning Richard E. Mayer, Roxana Moreno · Educational Psychologist | 2003 | 4,182 |
| 16 | The information available in brief visual presentations. George Sperling · The Psychological Monographs | 1960 | 4,074 |
| 17 | Toward a theory of automatic information processing in reading David LaBerge, S. Jay Samuels · Cognitive Psychology | Apr 1974 | 3,852 |
| 18 | Cognitive load theory, learning difficulty, and instructional design John Sweller · Learning and Instruction | 1994 | 3,772 |
| 19 | Long-term working memory. K. Anders Ericsson, Walter Kintsch · Psychological Review | 1995 | 3,268 |
| 20 | Improving Students’ Learning With Effective Learning Techniques John T. Dunlosky, Katherine A. Rawson, Elizabeth J. Marsh et al. · Gothic.net | 2013 | 3,123 |
| 21 | Cognitive Load Theory and Instructional Design: Recent Developments FRED G. W. C. PAAS, Alexander Renkl, John Sweller · Educational Psychologist | 2003 | 2,976 |
| 22 | Schema induction and analogical transfer Mary L. Gick, Keith J. Holyoak · Cognitive Psychology | 1983 | 2,962 |
| 23 | Cognitive Load Theory and the Format of Instruction PAUL A. CHANDLER, John Sweller · Cognition and Instruction | Dec 1991 | 2,885 |
| 24 | The ICAP Framework: Linking Cognitive Engagement to Active Learning Outcomes T. H. Michelene, Ruth C. Wylie · Educational Psychologist | 2 Oct 2014 | 2,824 |
| 25 | The 35th Sir Frederick Bartlett Lecture: Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search Keith Rayner · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology | 15 May 2009 | 2,640 |
| 26 | The Systematic Design of Instruction Shujen Lee Chang · Educational Technology Research and Development | 12 Jul 2006 | 2,601 |
| 27 | Cognitive Load Measurement as a Means to Advance Cognitive Load Theory FRED G. W. C. PAAS, Juhani E. Tuovinen, Huib K. Tabbers et al. · Educational Psychologist | 2003 | 2,533 |
| 28 | Should There Be a Three-Strikes Rule Against Pure Discovery Learning? Richard E. Mayer · American Psychologist | 2004 | 2,529 |
| 29 | Reconsidering Research on Learning from Media Richard E. Clark · Review of Educational Research | Dec 1983 | 2,513 |
| 30 | Levels of processing versus transfer appropriate processing Catherine Morris, John D. Bransford, Jeffery J. Franks · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior | Oct 1977 | 2,327 |
| 31 | Self-explanations: How students study and use examples in learning to solve problems M Chi · Cognitive Science | Jun 1989 | 2,297 |
| 32 | Temporary suppression of visual processing in an RSVP task: An attentional blink? Jane E. Raymond, Kimron L. Shapiro, Karen M. Arnell · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance | 1992 | 2,285 |
| 33 | The reviewing of object files: Object-specific integration of information Daniel J. Kahneman, Anne Treisman, Brian Gibbs · Cognitive Psychology | Apr 1992 | 2,256 |
| 34 | On the relationship between autobiographical memory and perceptual learning. Larry L. Jacoby, Mark Dallas · Journal of Experimental Psychology General | 1981 | 2,230 |
| 35 | Cognitive Architecture and Instructional Design: 20 Years Later John Sweller, Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer, FRED G. W. C. PAAS · Educational Psychology Review | 22 Jan 2019 | 2,216 |
| 36 | Cognitive Load Theory and Complex Learning: Recent Developments and Future Directions Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer, John Sweller · Educational Psychology Review | 17 May 2005 | 2,188 |
| 37 | EXPERT AND EXCEPTIONAL PERFORMANCE: Evidence of Maximal Adaptation to Task Constraints K. Anders Ericsson, Andreas C. Lehmann · Annual Review of Psychology | Feb 1996 | 2,152 |
| 38 | First principles of instruction Margaret Merrill · Educational Technology Research and Development | Sep 2002 | 2,091 |
| 39 | Training strategies for attaining transfer of problem-solving skill in statistics: A cognitive-load approach. FRED G. W. C. PAAS · Journal of Educational Psychology | Dec 1992 | 2,064 |
| 40 | On the genesis of abstract ideas. Michael I. Posner, Steven W. Keele · Journal of Experimental Psychology | 1968 | 2,045 |
| 41 | Expert performance: Its structure and acquisition. K. Anders Ericsson, Neil H. Charness · American Psychologist | Aug 1994 | 2,036 |
| 42 | Contextual Cueing: Implicit Learning and Memory of Visual Context Guides Spatial Attention Marvin M. Chun, Yuhong V. Jiang · Cognitive Psychology | Jun 1998 | 2,019 |
| 43 | Element Interactivity and Intrinsic, Extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Load John Sweller · Educational Psychology Review | 22 Apr 2010 | 2,001 |
| 44 | Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning Richard E. Mayer · Cambridge University Press eBooks | 28 Jul 2014 | 1,973 |
| 45 | Word length and the structure of short-term memory Alan Baddeley, Neil C. Thomson, Mary Buchanan · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior | Dec 1975 | 1,966 |
| 46 | Dimensional overlap: Cognitive basis for stimulus-response compatibility--A model and taxonomy. Sylvan Kornblum, Thierry Hasbroucq, Allen M Osman · Psychological Review | 1990 | 1,962 |
| 47 | Media will never influence learning Richard E. Clark · Educational Technology Research and Development | Jun 1994 | 1,887 |
| 48 | A meta-analysis of the cognitive and motivational effects of serious games. Pieter Jozef Wouters, Christof van Nimwegen, Herre van Oostendorp et al. · Journal of Educational Psychology | 4 Feb 2013 | 1,844 |
| 49 | Lexical access during sentence comprehension: (Re)consideration of context effects David Swinney · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior | Dec 1979 | 1,803 |
| 50 | Self‐Explanations: How Students Study and Use Examples in Learning to Solve Problems Michelene T.H., Miriam Bassok, Matthew W. Lewis et al. · Cognitive Science | Apr 1989 | 1,703 |
Citations are OpenAlex's own counts, from its 2026-09-23 snapshot, so the ranking can differ from Google Scholar or Web of Science. A paper is listed for a field when OpenAlex files it under one of the field's topics; retracted papers and papers whose citation count cannot be traced to citing works are left out, and a preprint and the article it became are shown once. Release dates are OpenAlex's: where a source gave only a month or a year, that is what is shown. How the lists are chosen.