Mali vs Togo
On research quality in 2022-now, Mali ranks #118 in the world and Togo #156, of 189 countries. Mali stands higher in 2 of the 3 fields both publish in, Togo in 1.
Research profiles alike: 0.85very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured
Compare other countries
Mali
- World rank, 2022-now
- #118
- #81 all time
- Works, 2022-now
- 1.9k
- fractional
- Top-10% rate
- 5.0%
- share of its work among the world's most cited
- Open access
- 62%
- of its works free to read
Strongest relative focus: Medical Terminology, Forestry, Horticulture.
Togo
- World rank, 2022-now
- #156
- #173 all time
- Works, 2022-now
- 2.1k
- fractional
- Top-10% rate
- 5.7%
- share of its work among the world's most cited
- Open access
- 69%
- of its works free to read
Strongest relative focus: Horticulture, Forestry, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics.
Who leads, measure by measure?
Mali leads on 4 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, citations per work and international co-authorship. Togo leads on 4 of 9 measures: output, top-10% rate, open access and growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.
- #118Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#156
- 0.56×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.50×
- 1.9kOutputfractional works, 2022-now2.1k
- 5.0%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited5.7%
- 14.4Citations per workall time, per fractional work5.4
- 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
- 62%Open accessof its works free to read, all time69%
- 46%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time36%
- +9%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+43%
A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.
Who leads in each field?
Mali stands higher in 2 of 3 fields, Togo in 1. Mali leads most in Medicine (#88 against #135); Togo leads most in Social Sciences (#112 against #119). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.
- #73Agricultural and Biological Sciences#102
- #88Medicine#135
- #119Social Sciences#112
Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.
The numbers behind each field
Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.
| Field | Mali rank | Togo rank | Mali top 10% | Togo top 10% | Mali works | Togo works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | #73 | #102 | 7.4% | 6.7% | 261 | 395 |
| Medicine | #88 | #135 | 2.6% | 2.0% | 792 | 472 |
| Social Sciences | #119 | #112 | 6.9% | 7.5% | 221 | 316 |
What is each known for?
The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.
Mali
- Water Sanitation Hygiene
- Universal Health Coverage
- Healthcare Quality Indicators
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Healthcare Policy
- Genome Sequence
- Health Systems
- Social Determinants of Health
- Community Health Workers
- Primary Care
- Pathogenesis
- Immune Response
- Work Organization
- Livestock Farming
- Diversity
- Vaccine Development
- Treatment
- Adaptation
- Sustainability
- Climate Change
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Smallholder Farmers
- Diagnosis
- Agroecology
- Agricultural Development
- Multifunctionality
- Global Burden
- Maternal Mortality
- Sustainable Agriculture
- Vaccine
- Health Inequalities
- Socio-economic Factors
- Child Mortality
- Insecticide Resistance
- Digital Health
- Artemisinin Resistance
- Healthcare Management
- Inequalities
- Maternal and Child Undernutrition
All 40 words, with their numbers
- Epidemiology278▲ 3.2×126 topics
- Climate Change132▲ 2.2×76 topics
- Public Health110▲ 3.5×54 topics
- Sustainability107▲ 2.0×62 topics
- Smallholder Farmers101▲ 22×6 topics
- Adaptation77▲ 12×9 topics
- Diagnosis76▲ 3.7×38 topics
- Treatment69▲ 2.6×44 topics
- Agroecology64▲ 21×3 topics
- Vaccine Development64▲ 11×11 topics
- Agricultural Development62▲ 18×5 topics
- Diversity61▲ 16×5 topics
- Multifunctionality61▲ 60×2 topics
- Livestock Farming61▲ 47×3 topics
- Global Burden61▲ 5.1×12 topics
- Work Organization60▲ 72×1 topic
- Maternal Mortality58▲ 12×5 topics
- Immune Response57▲ 4.6×17 topics
- Sustainable Agriculture53▲ 7.8×12 topics
- Pathogenesis50▲ 4.4×22 topics
- Vaccine48▲ 5.5×11 topics
- Primary Care44▲ 5.4×12 topics
- Health Inequalities44▲ 16×3 topics
- Community Health Workers43▲ 22×2 topics
- Socio-economic Factors43▲ 18×3 topics
- Social Determinants of Health42▲ 8.9×6 topics
- Child Mortality42▲ 27×1 topic
- Health Systems42▲ 27×1 topic
- Insecticide Resistance40▲ 23×4 topics
- Genome Sequence39▲ 21×4 topics
- Digital Health37▲ 15×3 topics
- Healthcare Policy36▲ 18×3 topics
- Artemisinin Resistance36▲ 49×1 topic
- Plasmodium falciparum36▲ 49×1 topic
- Healthcare Management35▲ 20×2 topics
- Healthcare Quality Indicators34▲ 27×2 topics
- Inequalities34▲ 49×1 topic
- Universal Health Coverage34▲ 49×1 topic
- Maternal and Child Undernutrition31▲ 17×1 topic
- Water Sanitation Hygiene31▲ 17×1 topic
Togo
- Poverty Reduction
- Social Determinants of Health
- Territorial Governance
- Community Engagement
- Gender Equality
- Food Security
- Social Justice
- Economic Development
- Healthcare
- Tree Domestication
- Rural Livelihoods
- Sustainable Development
- Nutritional Value
- Sustainable Agriculture
- Work Organization
- Livestock Farming
- Diversity
- Biodiversity Conservation
- Epidemiology
- Sustainability
- Climate Change
- Smallholder Farmers
- Adaptation
- Agricultural Development
- Agroecology
- Multifunctionality
- Agroforestry
- Climate Resilience
- Public Health
- Globalization
- Indigenous Fruits
- Environmental Impact
- Genetic Diversity
- Economic Growth
- Ecosystem Services
- Governance
- Ethnicity
- Local Development
- Maternal Mortality
- Citizen Participation
All 40 words, with their numbers
- Climate Change190▲ 3.0×79 topics
- Sustainability181▲ 3.1×64 topics
- Smallholder Farmers179▲ 36×5 topics
- Epidemiology147▲ 1.58×120 topics
- Adaptation118▲ 17×10 topics
- Biodiversity Conservation109▲ 12×12 topics
- Agricultural Development105▲ 29×4 topics
- Diversity104▲ 25×6 topics
- Agroecology104▲ 32×2 topics
- Livestock Farming103▲ 74×2 topics
- Multifunctionality103▲ 94×1 topic
- Work Organization103▲ 114×1 topic
- Agroforestry86▲ 55×4 topics
- Sustainable Agriculture79▲ 11×14 topics
- Climate Resilience74▲ 53×3 topics
- Nutritional Value73▲ 28×4 topics
- Public Health73▲ 2.1×48 topics
- Sustainable Development73▲ 1.98×49 topics
- Globalization72▲ 1.55×68 topics
- Rural Livelihoods69▲ 54×3 topics
- Indigenous Fruits68▲ 126×1 topic
- Tree Domestication68▲ 126×1 topic
- Environmental Impact63▲ 1.58×47 topics
- Healthcare56▲ 2.1×21 topics
- Genetic Diversity50▲ 4.9×20 topics
- Economic Development46▲ 2.5×22 topics
- Economic Growth46▲ 2.4×25 topics
- Social Justice43▲ 3.1×23 topics
- Ecosystem Services41▲ 4.5×12 topics
- Food Security40▲ 3.1×14 topics
- Governance39▲ 5.1×10 topics
- Gender Equality39▲ 5.9×9 topics
- Ethnicity36▲ 4.0×11 topics
- Community Engagement35▲ 4.6×12 topics
- Local Development31▲ 13×2 topics
- Territorial Governance31▲ 12×2 topics
- Maternal Mortality30▲ 5.7×5 topics
- Social Determinants of Health30▲ 5.9×5 topics
- Citizen Participation26▲ 9.6×2 topics
- Poverty Reduction25▲ 8.3×5 topics
Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.
How has their output grown?
Togo has out-published Mali every year since 2024, when it overtook it.
Fractional works per year.
Their share of all research
Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.
Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.
How much of it reaches the world top 10%
The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).
A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.
Who holds more of the world's best institutions?
A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.
- 0In the world top 500
- 0In the top 1000
- 0In the top 5000
- 0In the top 1,0000
- #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51
Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.
Which publishes more research, Mali or Togo?
Togo publishes 1.1× as much research as Mali in 2022-now (2.1k against 1.9k fractional works).
Whose research has more impact, Mali or Togo?
5.7% of Togo's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 5.0% for Mali.
Is Mali or Togo growing faster?
Output in 2022-25 was +43% against 2018-21 for Togo, and +9% for Mali.
Which has more open access research, Mali or Togo?
69% of Togo's research is free to read, against 62% of Mali's.
Which has more world-class institutions, Mali or Togo?
Mali holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Togo 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.
Which institutions lead in each country?
The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.
Mali
- 1Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako6.0% top 10% · 328 works
- 2University of Bamako3.4% top 10% · 385 works
- 3Mali-Folkecenter2.3% top 10% · 477 works
- 4Université des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines de Bamako4.9% top 10% · 176 works
- 5Institut National de Recherche en Santé Publique5.7% top 10% · 71 works
- 6Ministry of Economy and Finance10.7% top 10% · 71 works
Togo
- 1University of Kara5.2% top 10% · 607 works
- 2University of Lomé6.3% top 10% · 1.2k works
- 3Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tokoin1.7% top 10% · 138 works
The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.
Who are the top researchers on each side?
The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.
Mali
- 1 Samba Ousmane Sow #66,530 worldwide 20k citations · 379 works
- 2 Robert B. Zougmoré #67,997 worldwide 8.3k citations · 341 works
- 3 Ogobara K. Doumbo #80,129 worldwide 33k citations · 514 works
- 4 Boubou Tamboura #86,714 worldwide 10k citations · 63 works
- 5 Kassoum Kayentao #103,548 worldwide 9k citations · 217 works
Togo
- 1 Kokou Agoudavi #157,398 worldwide 2.4k citations · 30 works
- 2 Essossinam Ali #348,125 worldwide 585 citations · 42 works
- 3 K. H. Lo #657,928 worldwide 1.3k citations · 24 works
- 4 Kodjo Théodore Gnedeka #944,643 worldwide 428 citations · 45 works
- 5 Issaka Maman #1,506,197 worldwide 771 citations · 47 works