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Country

Science in India

India ranks #4 of 192 countries on research quality in 2022–2025 (#11 all time), with 1.4M research works and 13.0% of them in the world's top 10%.

World rank, 2022–2025
#4
of 192 · #11 all time
Works, 2022–2025
1.4M
▲ 61% vs 2013–17
Top-10% rate
13.0%
record average 16.5%
In the world top 100
1
32 in the top 1,000
Open access
40%
world 63%

What is India strongest at in science?

On research quality in 2022–2025, India ranks highest in Plant Science (#2 of 92), Engineering (#3 of 134) and Computer Science (#3 of 131). Relative to its size it is most specialised in Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Science and Complementary and alternative medicine.

FieldWorld rankWhere that sitsTop-10% rateWorks
Plant ScienceSubfield #2 of 92 17.3%54,357 Institutions
EngineeringField #3 of 134 12.9%261,293 Institutions
Computer ScienceField #3 of 131 13.8%167,151 Institutions
Agricultural and Biological SciencesField #3 of 126 14.9%107,627 Institutions
Environmental ScienceField #3 of 125 17.2%64,800 Institutions
Food ScienceSubfield #2 of 73 16.8%12,054 Institutions
Health ProfessionsField #3 of 108 11.6%28,564 Institutions
Computer Networks and CommunicationsSubfield #2 of 71 14.3%27,641 Institutions
Water Science and TechnologySubfield #2 of 62 15.5%10,323 Institutions
Information SystemsSubfield #3 of 93 17.5%29,640 Institutions
Materials ScienceField #3 of 90 14.1%70,765 Institutions
Artificial IntelligenceSubfield #3 of 90 14.6%49,378 Institutions

Where its research is concentrated

Location quotient: how much more — or less — of each node it does than its size predicts. Drawn around 1×, where “twice the world share” and “half of it” are the same distance apart in opposite directions. A volume reading, which on a country axis is largely population and industrial structure.

  1. Drug DiscoverySubfield · 755.4 works6.4×
  2. Pharmaceutical ScienceSubfield · 4,397.7 works3.0×
  3. Complementary and alternative medicineSubfield · 10,382.1 works2.6×
  4. PeriodonticsSubfield · 4,594.0 works2.4×
  5. Health Information ManagementSubfield · 8,528.3 works2.4×
  6. Oral SurgerySubfield · 6,314.0 works2.4×
  7. General DentistrySubfield · 1,404.8 works2.3×
  8. Pharmacology, Toxicology and PharmaceuticsField · 11,273.0 works2.3×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

The whole field profile

All 26 fields at once. A specialist and a generalist produce the same ranked list and a completely different shape.

Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 1.63× its world share, 108k worksAgricultural and Bio…Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 0.94× its world share, 70k worksBiochemistry, Geneti…Immunology and Microbiology: 0.74× its world share, 10k worksImmunology and Micro…Neuroscience: 0.87× its world share, 19k worksNeurosciencePharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 2.31× its world share, 11k worksPharmacology, Toxico…Chemical Engineering: 1.20× its world share, 5,840 worksChemical EngineeringChemistry: 1.77× its world share, 38k worksChemistryComputer Science: 1.55× its world share, 167k worksComputer ScienceEarth and Planetary Sciences: 0.63× its world share, 14k worksEarth and Planetary …Energy: 1.34× its world share, 17k worksEnergyEngineering: 1.26× its world share, 261k worksEngineeringEnvironmental Science: 0.94× its world share, 65k worksEnvironmental ScienceMaterials Science: 1.46× its world share, 71k worksMaterials ScienceMathematics: 1.02× its world share, 17k worksMathematicsPhysics and Astronomy: 0.85× its world share, 26k worksPhysics and AstronomyDentistry: 2.26× its world share, 15k worksDentistryHealth Professions: 0.78× its world share, 29k worksHealth ProfessionsMedicine: 0.95× its world share, 254k worksMedicineNursing: 1.25× its world share, 8,518 worksNursingVeterinary: 0.83× its world share, 1,566 worksVeterinaryArts and Humanities: 0.42× its world share, 17k worksArts and HumanitiesBusiness, Management and Accounting: 0.83× its world share, 37k worksBusiness, Management…Decision Sciences: 1.15× its world share, 15k worksDecision SciencesEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 0.74× its world share, 22k worksEconomics, Econometr…Psychology: 0.61× its world share, 26k worksPsychologySocial Sciences: 0.35× its world share, 61k worksSocial Sciences1×world share
more than its size predictsabout as predictedless

Rings at 0.5×, 1× and 2×. Widest outward: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, 2.3×. Every wedge is a field page.

Which keywords describe research in India?

By fractional works in 2022–2025, weighted toward what it does more of than the world: Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Epidemiology, Healthcare, Internet of Things, Convolutional Neural Networks, Security and Neural Networks.

▲ more of its work than of the world’s◆ about the world’s share▼ less than the world’s

Size is fractional works in 2022–2025 in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of this country's work against its share of the world's. The 40 words are chosen for being large and distinctive. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Deep Learning106k▲ 2.2×85 topics
  2. Machine Learning93k▲ 2.0×97 topics
  3. Epidemiology54k◆ 0.99×140 topics
  4. Sustainability37k◆ 1.10×139 topics
  5. Climate Change35k◆ 0.93×132 topics
  6. Neural Networks32k▲ 1.51×42 topics
  7. Healthcare31k▲ 2.0×42 topics
  8. Nanoparticles29k▲ 1.66×44 topics
  9. Environmental Impact29k▲ 1.22×74 topics
  10. Internet of Things28k▲ 2.3×33 topics
  11. Convolutional Neural Networks26k▲ 2.5×14 topics
  12. Nanomaterials25k▲ 1.72×21 topics
  13. Biomedical Applications25k▲ 1.51×36 topics
  14. Renewable Energy24k▲ 1.20×61 topics
  15. Oxidative Stress24k◆ 1.05×63 topics
  16. Security24k▲ 2.6×31 topics
  17. Artificial Intelligence23k▲ 1.20×67 topics
  18. COVID-1921k◆ 1.12×34 topics
  19. Antioxidant20k▲ 2.1×51 topics
  20. Mechanical Properties20k▲ 1.47×39 topics
  21. Data Mining19k▲ 1.86×25 topics
  22. Energy Efficiency19k▲ 1.47×46 topics
  23. Wireless Sensor Networks19k▲ 3.0×23 topics
  24. Supply Chain Management17k▲ 1.35×27 topics
  25. Feature Extraction17k▲ 2.6×10 topics
  26. Graphene17k▲ 1.74×12 topics
  27. Medical Imaging16k▲ 2.3×9 topics
  28. Nanocomposites16k▲ 1.45×22 topics
  29. Image Processing16k▲ 2.6×14 topics
  30. IoT Security16k▲ 3.5×3 topics
  31. Environmental Monitoring16k▲ 2.9×19 topics
  32. IoT15k▲ 3.0×19 topics
  33. Classification15k▲ 2.4×13 topics
  34. Smart Cities12k▲ 3.2×8 topics
  35. Privacy12k▲ 2.8×11 topics
  36. Big Data Analytics11k▲ 3.8×5 topics
  37. Feature Selection11k▲ 3.5×6 topics
  38. Transfer Learning9,590▲ 3.6×3 topics
  39. India9,117▲ 9.2×4 topics
  40. Smart Farming8,944▲ 5.6×2 topics

How many world-class institutions does India hold?

Average quality and elite capacity disagree by construction, and both are worth knowing: the first is decided by a country’s whole institution population, the second counts the institutions it holds at the top. One square per institution.

51st to 100th1101st to 500th11501st to 1,000th20

Bands are exclusive, so the squares add up to 32 — the institutions it holds in the world top 1,000 — and not to four times it.

Which universities in India lead research?

Saveetha University, Vellore Institute of Technology University and Lovely Professional University rank highest in India on research quality in 2022–2025.

0%10%20%mean 18.2267%fractional works (log) →share in the world top 10% →Saveetha University: 20k, 16.6%Vellore Institute of Technology University: 20k, 20.3%Lovely Professional University: 10k, 19.3%Manipal Academy of Higher Education: 10k, 19.0%Chandigarh University: 11k, 16.3%University of Delhi: 10k, 17.3%Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur: 10k, 17.9%Banaras Hindu University: 9,677, 18.1%SRM Institute of Science and Technology: 17k, 13.8%Aligarh Muslim University: 5,521, 20.8%Chitkara University: 8,005, 20.1%Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee: 9,300, 18.7%Indian Institute of Science Bangalore: 8,142, 14.1%Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research: 6,453, 20.1%Jamia Millia Islamia: 4,067, 21.0%Vellore Institute of…Lovely Professional …Manipal Academy of H…Saveetha University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per institution in the list below. The upper left is the interesting corner.

  1. 1Saveetha UniversityUniversity · Chennai · #88 worldwide16.6% top 10% · 20k works
  2. 2Vellore Institute of Technology UniversityUniversity · Vellore · #127 worldwide20.3% top 10% · 20k works
  3. 3Lovely Professional UniversityUniversity · Phagwāra · #230 worldwide19.3% top 10% · 10k works
  4. 4Manipal Academy of Higher EducationUniversity · Manipal · #315 worldwide19.0% top 10% · 10k works
  5. 5Chandigarh UniversityUniversity · Mohali · #343 worldwide16.3% top 10% · 11k works
  6. 6University of DelhiUniversity · New Delhi · #355 worldwide17.3% top 10% · 10k works
  7. 7Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurUniversity · Kharagpur · #368 worldwide17.9% top 10% · 10k works
  8. 8Banaras Hindu UniversityUniversity · Varanasi · #374 worldwide18.1% top 10% · 9.7k works
  9. 9SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyUniversity · Chennai · #408 worldwide13.8% top 10% · 17k works
  10. 10Aligarh Muslim UniversityUniversity · Aligarh · #484 worldwide20.8% top 10% · 5.5k works
  11. 11Chitkara UniversityUniversity · Chandigarh · #498 worldwide20.1% top 10% · 8k works
  12. 12Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeUniversity · Roorkee · #500 worldwide18.7% top 10% · 9.3k works
  13. 13Indian Institute of Science BangaloreUniversity · Bengaluru · #505 worldwide14.1% top 10% · 8.1k works
  14. 14Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchUniversity · Ghaziabad · #557 worldwide20.1% top 10% · 6.5k works
  15. 15Jamia Millia IslamiaUniversity · New Delhi · #560 worldwide21.0% top 10% · 4.1k works

The track on each row is its top-10% rate; the tick is the world’s rate in this record, 16.5% — teal above it, red below.

All ranked institutions in India

Who are the top researchers in India?

Vivekanand Jha, Dorairaj Prabhakaran and Rajesh Sagar rank highest among researchers based in India.

  1. 1 Vivekanand Jha · #18 worldwide 5.8k citations · 232 works
  2. 2 Dorairaj Prabhakaran · #239 worldwide 3k citations · 134 works
  3. 3 Rajesh Sagar · #591 worldwide 4k citations · 103 works
  4. 4 Nikhil Tandon · #672 worldwide 3.8k citations · 99 works
  5. 5 Kewal Krishan · #1,159 worldwide 3.6k citations · 86 works
  6. 6 K. Srinath Reddy · #1,212 worldwide 3k citations · 87 works
  7. 7 Tanuj Kanchan · #1,503 worldwide 2.7k citations · 82 works
  8. 8 Sanghamitra Pati · #1,743 worldwide 2.8k citations · 80 works
  9. 9 Nihal Thomas · #2,004 worldwide 3.5k citations · 75 works
  10. 10 Ravi Mehrotra · #2,791 worldwide 3.1k citations · 68 works
Top researchers in India

Which cities in India are research hubs?

  1. 1 New Delhi India 363k works
  2. 2 Chennai India 266k works
  3. 3 Bengaluru India 235k works
  4. 4 Mumbai India 215k works
  5. 5 Kolkata India 185k works
  6. 6 Hyderabad India 138k works
  7. 7 Pune India 131k works
  8. 8 Coimbatore India 89k works
  9. 9 Jaipur India 84k works
  10. 10 Chandigarh India 73k works
  11. 11 Lucknow India 72k works
  12. 12 Varanasi India 68k works

How much of it is in the largest

The same cities as shares of everything these twelve account for.

New Delhi: 18.9%Chennai: 13.9%Bengaluru: 12.2%Mumbai: 11.2%8 others listed: 43.8%19%largest
New Delhi363k · 18.9%Chennai266k · 13.9%Bengaluru235k · 12.2%Mumbai215k · 11.2%8 others listed840k · 43.8%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

How open and international is India's research?

40% of its research is openly available (world: 40%), and 11% is written with international co-authors (world: 18%).

openly available40.2%not open59.8%

World: 63% of research is openly available.

with international co-authors11.1%domestic only88.9%

World: 22% is written across borders.

How has India's research grown?

Output in 2018–2022 was 61% higher than in 2013–2017.

1990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon — one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Research fields in India