Science Explorer Back to mapMap
Discussion
Government institution · Frankfurt am Main · Germany

European Central Bank

In research, European Central Bank stands highest in Economics, Econometrics and Finance (#345 of 1,798 worldwide), Social Sciences (#3,501 of 9,585 worldwide) and General Economics, Econometrics and Finance (#32 of 85 worldwide), 2022-now. Relative to its size it is most specialised in Finance, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance and Economics, Econometrics and Finance (Finance is 107.9× its share of world research).

ecb.europa.euROR OpenAlex
World rank, 2022-now
#7,028
of 22,385 · #5,935 all time
Rank in Germany
#236
of 795
Research works
3.9k
▼ 9% vs 2018-21
Citations
117k
30.0 per fractional work
Top-10% rate
16.4%
all institutions 10.0%
vs its own fields
0.95×
1.00× is exactly expected
Open access
73%
world 40%
International
45%
world 18%
European Central Bank

What is European Central Bank known for in research?

The fields where it stands highest, 2022-now, ranked among every institution above the floor in each field.

FieldWorld rankWhere that sitsTop-10% rateWorksAll time
Economics, Econometrics and FinanceField #345 of 1,798 18.1%485 #253
Social SciencesDomain #3,501 of 9,585 17.1%614 #2094
General Economics, Econometrics and FinanceSubfield #32 of 85 26.3%97 #67
Economics and EconometricsSubfield #520 of 1,307 18.3%169 #428
FinanceSubfield #92 of 152 14.3%219 #67
Business, Management and AccountingField #1,927 of 2,581 10.3%77 #1866

Each strip is that field's whole ranked pool, with the notch where European Central Bank sits in it, in the colour of the band that rank falls in. The track under the rate is the rate itself: it carries no average mark, because the average differs by field (from about 6% in Dentistry to 21% in Economics).

Which of those standings moved

The same fields on both windows: where it stood over the whole record, and where it stands in 2022-now. The distance is the story, and it is the one thing the two rank columns above cannot show.

  1. Economics, Econometrics and Finance#253 #345
  2. Social Sciences#2,094 #3,501
  3. General Economics, Econometrics and Finance#67 #32
  4. Economics and Econometrics#428 #520
  5. Finance#67 #92
  6. Business, Management and Accounting#1,866 #1,927
all time2022-now, better2022-now, worse

A dot further right is a better standing. Fields it was not ranked in over the whole record are left out.

Which fields of science does European Central Bank work in?

In 2022-now, 92% of research at European Central Bank is in Social Sciences, 6% in Physical Sciences. Its largest fields are Economics, Econometrics and Finance (72%), Business, Management and Accounting (12%), Social Sciences (6%). It does 3.7× the world's share of Social Sciences.

Social Sciences: 637 fractional works · 91.9% of its workEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 501 fractional works · 72.3% of its workFinance: 226 fractional works · 32.6% of its workEconomics and Econometrics: 176 fractional works · 25.5% of its workGeneral Economics, Econometrics and Finance: 99 fractional works · 14.3% of its workBusiness, Management and Accounting: 80 fractional works · 11.6% of its workAccounting: 38 fractional works · 5.5% of its workStrategy and Management: 31 fractional works · 4.5% of its workManagement Information Systems: 6 fractional works · 0.9% of its workMarketing: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSocial Sciences: 40 fractional works · 5.8% of its workPolitical Science and International Relations: 14 fractional works · 2.1% of its workSociology and Political Science: 10 fractional works · 1.5% of its workLaw: 6 fractional works · 0.8% of its workDemography: 3 fractional works · 0.5% of its workGender Studies: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 4 fractional works · 0.6% of its workDecision Sciences: 9 fractional works · 1.3% of its workManagement Science and Operations Research: 7 fractional works · 1.0% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workArts and Humanities: 5 fractional works · 0.8% of its workLiterature and Literary Theory: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 3 fractional works · 0.5% of its workPsychology: 1 fractional works · 0.1% of its workPhysical Sciences: 44 fractional works · 6.3% of its workComputer Science: 18 fractional works · 2.6% of its workInformation Systems: 11 fractional works · 1.6% of its workArtificial Intelligence: 4 fractional works · 0.6% of its workSmaller subfields together: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workEnergy: 10 fractional works · 1.4% of its workRenewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment: 8 fractional works · 1.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workEnvironmental Science: 8 fractional works · 1.2% of its workGlobal and Planetary Change: 5 fractional works · 0.7% of its workManagement, Monitoring, Policy and Law: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workEngineering: 5 fractional works · 0.7% of its workMathematics: 3 fractional works · 0.4% of its workStatistics and Probability: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workPhysics and Astronomy: 1 fractional works · 0.1% of its workHealth Sciences: 9 fractional works · 1.3% of its workHealth Professions: 5 fractional works · 0.8% of its workGeneral Health Professions: 5 fractional works · 0.8% of its workMedicine: 4 fractional works · 0.6% of its workLife Sciences: 3 fractional works · 0.5% of its workAgricultural and Biological Sciences: 2 fractional works · 0.3% of its workBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 1 fractional works · 0.1% of its workALL ITS WORKEuropean CentralBank693fractional works, 2022-now
Life Sciences0%Physical Sciences6%Health Sciences1%Social Sciences92%

Each ring splits the one inside it: the four domains of science, their fields, their subfields. Size is fractional works in 2022-now. Every slice is a page; the interactive view zooms down to single topics and colours each by how much more of it this institution does than the world.

Its 4 domains and 18 fields, with their numbers
    1. Economics, Econometrics and Finance50172.3%
    2. Business, Management and Accounting8011.6%
    3. Social Sciences405.8%
    4. Decision Sciences91.3%
    5. Arts and Humanities50.8%
    6. Psychology10.1%
    1. Computer Science182.6%
    2. Energy101.4%
    3. Environmental Science81.2%
    4. Engineering50.7%
    5. Mathematics30.4%
    6. Physics and Astronomy10.1%
    7. Earth and Planetary Sciences00.0%
    1. Health Professions50.8%
    2. Medicine40.6%
    3. Nursing00.0%
    1. Agricultural and Biological Sciences20.3%
    2. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology10.1%
All of science, and how each field's share has moved since 1950: the Science domain explorer

What does European Central Bank specialise in?

Where its research is concentrated relative to its size: Finance takes 107.9× the share of its output that it takes of world research.

  1. FinanceSubfield · 226.0 works108×
  2. General Economics, Econometrics and FinanceSubfield · 98.8 works57×
  3. Economics, Econometrics and FinanceField · 501.3 works34×
  4. Economics and EconometricsSubfield · 176.5 works16×
  5. AccountingSubfield · 37.8 works8.9×
  6. Strategy and ManagementSubfield · 31.4 works5.2×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient, a volume reading rather than an impact one. It surfaces small, lopsided specialities.

Field profile

Location quotient across every field it publishes in: outside the ring is more than an institution of this size would be expected to publish, inside it is less.

Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 0.07× its world share, 2 worksAgricultural and Bio…Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 0.02× its world share, 1 worksBiochemistry, Geneti…Computer Science: 0.33× its world share, 18 worksComputer ScienceEarth and Planetary Sciences: 0.01× its world share, 0 worksEarth and Planetary …Energy: 1.50× its world share, 10 worksEnergyEngineering: 0.04× its world share, 5 worksEngineeringEnvironmental Science: 0.24× its world share, 8 worksEnvironmental ScienceMathematics: 0.36× its world share, 3 worksMathematicsPhysics and Astronomy: 0.05× its world share, 1 worksPhysics and AstronomyHealth Professions: 0.28× its world share, 5 worksHealth ProfessionsMedicine: 0.03× its world share, 4 worksMedicineNursing: 0.03× its world share, 0 worksNursingArts and Humanities: 0.27× its world share, 6 worksArts and HumanitiesBusiness, Management and Accounting: 3.59× its world share, 80 worksBusiness, Management…Decision Sciences: 1.30× its world share, 9 worksDecision SciencesEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 33.81× its world share, 501 worksEconomics, Econometr…Psychology: 0.05× its world share, 1 worksPsychologySocial Sciences: 0.46× its world share, 40 worksSocial Sciences1×world share
more than its size predictsabout as predictedless

Rings at 0.5×, 1× and 2×. Widest outward: Economics, Econometrics and Finance, 33.8×. Every wedge is a field page.

All 18 fields, with their numbers
  1. Economics, Econometrics and Finance33.81×501 works
  2. Business, Management and Accounting3.59×80 works
  3. Energy1.50×10 works
  4. Decision Sciences1.30×9 works
  5. Social Sciences0.46×40 works
  6. Mathematics0.36×3 works
  7. Computer Science0.33×18 works
  8. Health Professions0.28×5 works
  9. Arts and Humanities0.27×6 works
  10. Environmental Science0.24×8 works
  11. Agricultural and Biological Sciences0.07×2 works
  12. Physics and Astronomy0.05×1 works
  13. Psychology0.05×1 works
  14. Engineering0.04×5 works
  15. Medicine0.03×4 works
  16. Nursing0.03×0 works
  17. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology0.02×1 works
  18. Earth and Planetary Sciences0.01×0 works

Who are the top researchers at European Central Bank?

Ranked on the quality score, Luc A. Laeven, Michael Ehrmann and Martin Schmitz lead among researchers whose main affiliation is European Central Bank.

  1. 1 Luc A. Laeven Germany · #29,858 worldwide 41k citations · 453 works
  2. 2 Michael Ehrmann Germany · #50,327 worldwide 21k citations · 357 works
  3. 3 Martin Schmitz Germany · #98,121 worldwide 11k citations · 223 works
  4. 4 Lucia Alessi Germany · #158,606 worldwide 2.6k citations · 95 works
  5. 5 Frank R. Smets Germany · #161,213 worldwide 22k citations · 245 works
  6. 6 Dimitris Georgarakos Germany · #161,458 worldwide 3.9k citations · 282 works
  7. 7 Michèle Lenza Germany · #186,414 worldwide 4k citations · 80 works
  8. 8 Arnaud Mehl Germany · #251,160 worldwide 3.4k citations · 125 works
  9. 9 Annalisa Ferrando Germany · #273,070 worldwide 2.8k citations · 145 works
  10. 10 Tuomas A. Peltonen Germany · #298,465 worldwide 2.4k citations · 71 works
All ranked researchers at European Central Bank

What are the most cited papers from European Central Bank?

The most cited paper from European Central Bank is "Shocks and Frictions in US Business Cycles: A Bayesian DSGE Approach" (Frank R. Smets, Rafael Wouters, 2007), with 4,754 citations. Next come "An Estimated Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model of the Euro Area" (3,624) and "CAViaR" (2,259).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Shocks and Frictions in US Business Cycles: A Bayesian DSGE Approach Frank R. Smets, Rafael Wouters · American Economic Review May 2007 4,754
2 An Estimated Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Model of the Euro Area Frank R. Smets, Raf Wouters · Journal of the European Economic Association Sep 2003 3,624
3 CAViaR Robert F. Engle, Simone Manganelli · Journal of Business and Economic Statistics Oct 2004 2,259
4 Asymmetric Dynamics in the Correlations of Global Equity and Bond Returns Lorenzo Cappiello, Robert F. Engle, Keith Sheppard · Journal of Financial Econometrics Open access 9 Aug 2006 1,757
5 Monetary Policy Surprises, Credit Costs, and Economic Activity Mark L. Gertler, Péter Karádi · American Economic Journal Macroeconomics 2015 1,469
All 58 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Which keywords describe research at European Central Bank?

By fractional works in 2022-now, weighted toward what it does more of than the world: Monetary Policy, Economic Growth, Fiscal Policy, Liquidity, Capital Flows, Regulation, Structural Change and Finance.

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's

Size is fractional works in 2022-now in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of this institution's work against its share of the world's. The 40 words are chosen for being large and distinctive. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Monetary Policy212▲ 130×9 topics
  2. Economic Growth151▲ 27×17 topics
  3. Fiscal Policy124▲ 88×8 topics
  4. Liquidity105▲ 207×3 topics
  5. Capital Flows98▲ 401×2 topics
  6. Regulation91▲ 25×8 topics
  7. Structural Change85▲ 192×2 topics
  8. Finance81▲ 63×4 topics
  9. Banking74▲ 257×1 topic
  10. Credit74▲ 257×1 topic
  11. Exchange Rate Regimes69▲ 351×1 topic
  12. Financial Integration69▲ 338×1 topic
  13. Panel Data Analysis65▲ 61×3 topics
  14. Financial Development64▲ 62×2 topics
  15. Business Cycles58▲ 226×1 topic
  16. Interest Rates58▲ 226×1 topic
  17. Financial Crisis45▲ 57×12 topics
  18. Economic Development38▲ 6.9×19 topics
  19. Financial Stability35▲ 26×6 topics
  20. Financialization31▲ 46×2 topics
  21. Austerity Measures31▲ 68×2 topics
  22. Inequality30▲ 19×5 topics
  23. Stock Market30▲ 19×2 topics
  24. Corporate Governance30▲ 5.8×13 topics
  25. ECB's Rescue Facility28▲ 617×1 topic
  26. TARGET2 Balances28▲ 617×1 topic
  27. Global Economy27▲ 30×5 topics
  28. Industrialization27▲ 68×2 topics
  29. Aggregate Demand27▲ 145×1 topic
  30. Income Distribution27▲ 122×1 topic
  31. Labor Market26▲ 13×13 topics
  32. Risk Management26▲ 7.9×10 topics
  33. Economic Policy Uncertainty25▲ 60×1 topic
  34. Oil Price Shocks25▲ 60×1 topic
  35. Asset Pricing25▲ 42×2 topics
  36. Financial Performance23▲ 5.9×6 topics
  37. Income Inequality22▲ 22×6 topics
  38. Political Economy21▲ 12×10 topics
  39. International Trade20▲ 21×7 topics
  40. Investment Decisions19▲ 23×3 topics

Which research topics does European Central Bank publish most on?

By volume in 2022-now: Banking stability, regulation, efficiency, Global Financial Crisis and Policies, Monetary Policy and Economic Impact and European Monetary and Fiscal Policies.

Banking stability, regul…74Banking stability, regulation, efficiency: 74 fractional worksGlobal Financial Crisis and Policies: 69 fractional worksMonetary Policy and Economic Impact: 58 fractional worksEuropean Monetary and Fiscal Policies: 28 fractional worksEconomic Theory and Policy: 27 fractional worksMarket Dynamics and Vola…25Market Dynamics and Volatility: 25 fractional worksHousing Market and Economics: 17 fractional worksEconomic theories and models: 16 fractional worksFiscal Policies and Political Economy: 15 fractional worksInsurance and Financial Risk Management: 15 fractional works
FinanceGeneral Economics, Econometrics and FinanceEconomics and Econometrics

Area is fractional works; colour is the subfield each topic belongs to.

  1. 1 Banking stability, regulation, efficiency Finance 74 works
  2. 2 Global Financial Crisis and Policies Finance 69 works
  3. 3 Monetary Policy and Economic Impact General Economics, Econometrics and Finance 58 works
  4. 4 European Monetary and Fiscal Policies Finance 28 works
  5. 5 Economic Theory and Policy General Economics, Econometrics and Finance 27 works
  6. 6 Market Dynamics and Volatility Economics and Econometrics 25 works
  7. 7 Housing Market and Economics Economics and Econometrics 17 works
  8. 8 Economic theories and models Economics and Econometrics 16 works
  9. 9 Fiscal Policies and Political Economy Economics and Econometrics 15 works
  10. 10 Insurance and Financial Risk Management Economics and Econometrics 15 works

How open and international is its research?

Against the world's own shares: the tick on each track. Both are shares of its output, so they sit on one scale and can be read against each other as well as against the world.

openly available72.6%not open27.4%

World: 40% of research is openly available.

with international co-authors45.1%domestic only54.9%

World: 18% is written across borders.

How has European Central Bank's research output changed?

Output in 2022-2025 was 9% lower than in 2018-2021.

still counting1990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is European Central Bank as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0031% in 2024.

still counting0.0025%0.0050%0.0075%European Central Bank0.0022% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of European Central Bank over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year, against all institutions in the same year.

still counting10%20%30%European Central Bank16.2% in 2025all institutions10.0% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's output, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for its field and year. Peak 24.6% in 2011.

Other research institutions in Frankfurt am Main

All research institutions in Frankfurt am Main

Share European Central Bank's ranking

European Central Bank on Science Explorer

A card with European Central Bank's standing and the fields it leads in, for a post or a slide. A link to this page previews as the same card.

Download the card

1200 × 630 PNG, sized for social posts, drawn from the latest snapshot.

Badges for a website1Each links back here and updates with every snapshot

Research measures only: rankings here say nothing about teaching, admissions or student experience. Comparable institutions and collaboration partners have tabs of their own, above.

Discussion

Ask a question or share a note about European Central Bank. Keep it to the research: no personal attacks, advertising or links. Any reader can report a post, which collapses it for everyone until it is opened.