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Company · Bloomington · United States

Toro (United States)

toro.com/enROR OpenAlex
Research works
7
▼ 53% vs 2018-21
Citations
98
14.6 per fractional work
Top-10% rate
0.0%
all institutions 10.0%
Open access
27%
world 40%
International
15%
world 18%
Toro (United States)

Not ranked overall: Toro (United States) is under the volume floor below which a citation excellence rate is noise. Not ranked is not the same as ranked last.

Which fields of science does Toro (United States) work in?

In all years, 84% of research at Toro (United States) is in Physical Sciences, 13% in Life Sciences. Its largest fields are Environmental Science (67%), Engineering (16%), Agricultural and Biological Sciences (13%). It does 1.5× the world's share of Physical Sciences.

Physical Sciences: 6 fractional works · 84.1% of its workEnvironmental Science: 4 fractional works · 66.9% of its workEnvironmental Chemistry: 2 fractional works · 24.1% of its workEcology: 1 fractional works · 16.2% of its workNature and Landscape Conservation: 1 fractional works · 15.5% of its workEnvironmental Engineering: 0 fractional works · 5.1% of its workGlobal and Planetary Change: 0 fractional works · 4.2% of its workManagement, Monitoring, Policy and Law: 0 fractional works · 1.8% of its workEngineering: 1 fractional works · 16.0% of its workMechanical Engineering: 1 fractional works · 10.0% of its workAutomotive Engineering: 0 fractional works · 4.9% of its workBiomedical Engineering: 0 fractional works · 1.2% of its workEarth and Planetary Sciences: 0 fractional works · 1.2% of its workGeophysics: 0 fractional works · 1.2% of its workLife Sciences: 1 fractional works · 13.4% of its workAgricultural and Biological Sciences: 1 fractional works · 13.4% of its workSoil Science: 0 fractional works · 5.9% of its workEcology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics: 0 fractional works · 4.9% of its workPlant Science: 0 fractional works · 2.5% of its workHealth Sciences: 0 fractional works · 2.5% of its workMedicine: 0 fractional works · 2.5% of its workOrthopedics and Sports Medicine: 0 fractional works · 2.5% of its workALL ITS WORKToro (UnitedStates)7fractional works, all years
Life Sciences13%Physical Sciences84%Health Sciences3%

Each ring splits the one inside it: the four domains of science, their fields, their subfields. Size is fractional works in all years. Every slice is a page; the interactive view zooms down to single topics and colours each by how much more of it this institution does than the world.

Its 3 domains and 5 fields, with their numbers
    1. Environmental Science466.9%
    2. Engineering116.0%
    3. Earth and Planetary Sciences01.2%
    1. Agricultural and Biological Sciences113.4%
    1. Medicine02.5%
All of science, and how each field's share has moved since 1950: the Science domain explorer

What are the most cited papers from Toro (United States)?

The most cited paper from Toro (United States) is "Precision turfgrass management: challenges and field applications for mapping turfgrass soil and stress" (Robert N. Carrow, Joseph M. Krum, Ian D. Flitcroft et al., 2009), with 71 citations. Next come "Correlations of Leaf Relative Water Content, Canopy Temperature, and Spectral Reflectance in Perennial Ryegrass Under Water Deficit Conditions" (49) and "STIMULATION OF PLANT GROWTH BY HUMIC SUBSTANCES: EFFECTS ON IRON AVAILABILITY" (38).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Precision turfgrass management: challenges and field applications for mapping turfgrass soil and stress Robert N. Carrow, Joseph M. Krum, Ian D. Flitcroft et al. · Precision Agriculture 19 Aug 2009 71
2 Correlations of Leaf Relative Water Content, Canopy Temperature, and Spectral Reflectance in Perennial Ryegrass Under Water Deficit Conditions Yiwei Jiang, Huifen Liu, Van Cline · HortScience Open access Apr 2009 49
3 STIMULATION OF PLANT GROWTH BY HUMIC SUBSTANCES: EFFECTS ON IRON AVAILABILITY Yangmei Chen, C. E. Clapp, Hagit Magen et al. · Elsevier eBooks Book chapter 1999 38
4 Evaluation of Remote Sensing to Measure Plant Stress in Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) Fairways Aaron R. Johnsen, Brian P. Horgan, Brent S. Hulke et al. · Crop Science 23 Oct 2009 26
5 Irrigation scheduling technologies reduce water use and maintain turfgrass quality Matteo Serena, Ciro Velasco‐Cruz, Joshua Friell et al. · Agronomy Journal Open access 9 Apr 2020 25
All 17 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Which research topics does Toro (United States) publish most on?

By volume in 2022-now: Turfgrass Adaptation and Management, Conservation, Ecology, Wildlife Education, Irrigation Practices and Water Management and Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing.

Turfgrass Adaptation and…0Turfgrass Adaptation and Management: 0 fractional worksConservation, Ecology, Wildlife Education: 0 fractional worksIrrigation Practices and Water Management: 0 fractional worksSoil Moisture and Remote Sensing: 0 fractional works
Environmental ChemistryManagement, Monitoring, Policy and LawSoil ScienceEnvironmental Engineering

Area is fractional works; colour is the subfield each topic belongs to.

  1. 1 Turfgrass Adaptation and Management Environmental Chemistry 0 works
  2. 2 Conservation, Ecology, Wildlife Education Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law 0 works
  3. 3 Irrigation Practices and Water Management Soil Science 0 works
  4. 4 Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing Environmental Engineering 0 works

How open and international is its research?

Against the world's own shares: the tick on each track. Both are shares of its output, so they sit on one scale and can be read against each other as well as against the world.

openly available27.0%not open73.0%

World: 40% of research is openly available.

with international co-authors15.3%domestic only84.7%

World: 18% is written across borders.

How has Toro (United States)'s research output changed?

Output in 2022-2025 was 53% lower than in 2018-2021.

20002005201020152020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Toro (United States) as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0000038% in 2022.

0.000020%0.000040%0.000060%Toro (United States)0.0000045% in 2024200020102020

Fractional works of Toro (United States) over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

Other research institutions in Bloomington

All research institutions in Bloomington

Research measures only: rankings here say nothing about teaching, admissions or student experience. Comparable institutions and collaboration partners have tabs of their own, above.

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