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Topic · Surfaces, Coatings and Films

Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques

Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques is a research topic within Surfaces, Coatings and Films. Science Explorer counts 61k research works in it since 1950. 15.3% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on surface analysis and electron spectroscopy techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron inelastic mean free paths, ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy, and applications in surface science and nanomaterials characterization. It covers topics such as quantitative surface analysis, secondary electron emission, environmental scanning electron microscopy, and hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy.

  • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
  • Scanning Electron Microscopy
  • Electron Inelastic Mean Free Paths
  • Ambient Pressure Photoelectron Spectroscopy
  • Surface Science
  • Quantitative Surface Analysis
  • Secondary Electron Emission
  • Nanomaterials Characterization
  • Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy
  • Hard X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy
Research works
61k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
9.4k
per year above
Top-10% rate
15.3%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2013–17 → 2018–22
-9%
the tick is no change

Which countries lead Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (1k and 482 works in 2022–2025).

By volume, 2022–2025

  1. 1 United States 1k works
  2. 2 China 482 works
  3. 3 Germany 383 works
  4. 4 Japan 367 works
  5. 5 France 228 works
  6. 6 United Kingdom 195 works
  7. 7 Russia 177 works
  8. 8 South Korea 113 works
  9. 9 India 96 works
  10. 10 Belgium 86 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 32.6%China: 15.3%Germany: 12.1%Japan: 11.6%6 others listed: 28.4%33%largest
United States1,027 · 32.6%China482 · 15.3%Germany383 · 12.1%Japan367 · 11.6%6 others listed895 · 28.4%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques research?

By volume in 2022–2025, IMEC publishes the most Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques research, followed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.

By volume, 2022–2025

  1. 1 IMECBelgium 40 works
  2. 2 Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryUnited States 37 works
  3. 3 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 28 works
  4. 4 Oak Ridge National LaboratoryUnited States 28 works
  5. 5 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 25 works
  6. 6 Argonne National LaboratoryUnited States 22 works
  7. 7 National Institute for Materials ScienceJapan 21 works
  8. 8 University of California, BerkeleyUnited States 20 works
  9. 9 Brookhaven National LaboratoryUnited States 20 works
  10. 10 Tsinghua UniversityChina 19 works

Who are the leading researchers in Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques include W. Kohn, Zhong Lin Wang and K. K. Gan.

  1. 1 W. Kohn United States 15k citations
  2. 2 Zhong Lin Wang United States 11k citations
  3. 3 K. K. Gan United States 8.1k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

Where is Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques research done?

The largest centres of Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques research in 2022–2025 are Beijing (China), Tokyo (Japan), Moscow (Russia) and Paris (France). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Gaithersburg and Lemont.

Largest cities, 2022–2025

  1. 1 Beijing China 150 works
  2. 2 Tokyo Japan 120 works
  3. 3 Moscow Russia 78 works
  4. 4 Paris France 67 works
  5. 5 Seoul South Korea 60 works
  6. 6 Berkeley United States 59 works
  7. 7 Shanghai China 51 works
  8. 8 Leuven Belgium 51 works
  9. 9 Berlin Germany 42 works
  10. 10 Tsukuba Japan 41 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. GaithersburgUS · 26.5 works33×
  2. LemontUS · 22.1 works28×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques than the world average.

See Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques on the map

Where is the best place to study Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques?

Among universities, judged by research, University of Antwerp, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne and University of California, Berkeley score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%mean 14.66%fractional works in this node (log) →share in the world top 10% →University of Antwerp: 19, 13.1%École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne: 10, 21.3%University of California, Berkeley: 20, 16.0%Massachusetts Institute of Technology: 13, 19.8%Uppsala University: 9, 20.5%Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg: 10, 19.0%University of Oxford: 17, 17.0%Technical University of Denmark: 16, 7.4%California Institute of Technology: 10, 9.1%Nagoya University: 18, 3.4%École Polytechnique …Massachusetts Instit…University of Califo…University of Antwerp
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the table below. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1 University of AntwerpBelgium 62.213.1%16.3×19 -34.9%
2 École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneSwitzerland 55.421.3%6.2×10 -41.1%
3 University of California, BerkeleyUnited States 54.416.0%5.9×20 +9.4%
4 Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyUnited States 50.819.8%5.3×13 -46.2%
5 Uppsala UniversitySweden 49.120.5%4.4×9 +3.0%
6 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergGermany 48.519.0%5.2×10 +19.4%
7 University of OxfordUnited Kingdom 47.417.0%3.3×17 -22.4%
8 Technical University of DenmarkDenmark 47.27.4%7.6×16 +7.3%
9 California Institute of TechnologyUnited States 45.69.1%10.4×10 -41.5%
10 Nagoya UniversityJapan 45.53.4%9.4×18 +33.9%

Universities only. Score blends excellence (30%), specialisation (25%), size (20%), growth (15%) and international reach (10%), 2015–2022; growth compares 2010–14 with 2015–19.

Is Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques research growing?

Output in 2018–2022 was 9% lower than in 2013–2017, peaking in 1993.

19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon — one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.