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Topic · Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers

Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers is a research topic within Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Science Explorer counts 31k research works in it since 1950. 19.3% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers covers advancements in free-electron laser technology, including the generation of coherent radiation in the X-ray and terahertz regions, electron acceleration using dielectric structures, self-seeding techniques, harmonic generation, and the use of energy recovery linacs. It also explores applications such as synchrotron radiation and terahertz sources.

  • Free-Electron Lasers
  • X-Ray
  • Coherent Radiation
  • Electron Acceleration
  • Terahertz Radiation
  • Self-Seeding
  • Harmonic Generation
  • Dielectric Accelerators
  • Synchrotron Radiation
  • Energy Recovery Linac
Research works
31k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
6k
per year above
Top-10% rate
19.3%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2013–17 → 2018–22
-17%
the tick is no change

Which countries lead Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (548 and 480 works in 2022–2025).

By volume, 2022–2025

  1. 1 United States 548 works
  2. 2 China 480 works
  3. 3 Germany 224 works
  4. 4 Russia 218 works
  5. 5 Japan 145 works
  6. 6 Switzerland 136 works
  7. 7 Italy 117 works
  8. 8 France 105 works
  9. 9 United Kingdom 78 works
  10. 10 India 58 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 26.0%China: 22.7%Germany: 10.6%Russia: 10.3%6 others listed: 30.3%26%largest
United States548 · 26.0%China480 · 22.7%Germany224 · 10.6%Russia218 · 10.3%6 others listed640 · 30.3%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers research?

By volume in 2022–2025, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory publishes the most Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers research, followed by European Organization for Nuclear Research and Chinese Academy of Sciences.

By volume, 2022–2025

  1. 1 Fermi National Accelerator LaboratoryUnited States 103 works
  2. 2 European Organization for Nuclear ResearchSwitzerland 95 works
  3. 3 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 65 works
  4. 4 Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYGermany 61 works
  5. 5 Brookhaven National LaboratoryUnited States 42 works
  6. 6 University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 41 works
  7. 7 SLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryUnited States 33 works
  8. 8 Institute of High Energy PhysicsChina 32 works
  9. 9 High Energy Accelerator Research OrganizationJapan 32 works
  10. 10 Budker Institute of Nuclear PhysicsRussia 29 works

Who are the leading researchers in Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers include R. Kowalewski, S. L. Wu and Sw. Banerjee.

  1. 1 R. Kowalewski United Kingdom 11k citations
  2. 2 S. L. Wu United Kingdom 10k citations
  3. 3 Sw. Banerjee United Kingdom 10k citations
  4. 4 P. Jackson United Kingdom 10k citations
  5. 5 X. Wu Switzerland 9.6k citations
  6. 6 M. Morii United Kingdom 9.6k citations
  7. 7 J. M. Izen United Kingdom 9.5k citations
  8. 8 T. Adye United Kingdom 9.3k citations
  9. 9 S. Willocq United Kingdom 9.3k citations
  10. 10 B. Stugu United Kingdom 9.3k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

Where is Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers research done?

The largest centres of Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers research in 2022–2025 are Beijing (China), Batavia (United States), Geneva (Switzerland) and Hamburg (Germany). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Schenefeld, Batavia and Tsukuba.

Largest cities, 2022–2025

  1. 1 Beijing China 193 works
  2. 2 Batavia United States 104 works
  3. 3 Geneva Switzerland 96 works
  4. 4 Hamburg Germany 74 works
  5. 5 Moscow Russia 69 works
  6. 6 Hefei China 56 works
  7. 7 Novosibirsk Russia 55 works
  8. 8 Upton United States 44 works
  9. 9 Menlo Park United States 37 works
  10. 10 Pudong China 33 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. SchenefeldDE · 23.2 works688×
  2. BataviaUS · 104.1 works472×
  3. TsukubaJP · 32.2 works217×
  4. Newport NewsUS · 23.7 works192×
  5. UptonUS · 44.0 works185×
  6. DubnaRU · 27.2 works115×
  7. VilligenCH · 22.3 works108×
  8. Menlo ParkUS · 36.8 works102×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers than the world average.

See Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers on the map

Where is the best place to study Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers?

Among universities, judged by research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 16.68%fractional works in this node (log) →share in the world top 10% →University of Chinese Academy of Sciences: 41, 17.6%University of Science and Technology of China: 28, 10.1%Karlsruhe Institute of Technology: 10, 25.0%Universität Hamburg: 9, 21.6%Novosibirsk State University: 10, 6.7%National Research Nuclear University MEPhI: 13, 2.5%Michigan State University: 10, 24.2%Huazhong University of Science and Technology: 16, 19.9%Peking University: 9, 34.0%Pohang University of Science and Technology: 9, 5.2%Karlsruhe Institute …Universität HamburgUniversity of Chines…University of Scienc…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the table below. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1 University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 63.317.6%10.3×41 +101.8%
2 University of Science and Technology of ChinaChina 48.610.1%9.7×28 +43.2%
3 Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyGermany 48.225.0%7.6×10 +29.8%
4 Universität HamburgGermany 43.421.6%6.8×9 +51.9%
5 Novosibirsk State UniversityRussia 41.86.7%28.9×10 +116.3%
6 National Research Nuclear University MEPhIRussia 39.22.5%45.9×13 +96.7%
7 Michigan State UniversityUnited States 38.824.2%5.9×10 -9.9%
8 Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyChina 37.819.9%4.4×16 +79.7%
9 Peking UniversityChina 36.934.0%2.4×9 +7.2%
10 Pohang University of Science and TechnologySouth Korea 36.95.2%17.2×9 +47.2%

Universities only. Score blends excellence (30%), specialisation (25%), size (20%), growth (15%) and international reach (10%), 2015–2022; growth compares 2010–14 with 2015–19.

Is Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers research growing?

Output in 2018–2022 was 17% lower than in 2013–2017, peaking in 2002. The fastest-growing topics are Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers.

19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon — one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.