Science Explorer Back to mapMap
Discussion
Topic · Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics

Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics is a research topic within Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Science Explorer counts 21k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the design, analysis, and modeling of electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection in integrated circuits, particularly in CMOS technology. It covers topics such as SCR devices, LDMOS design, RF ESD protection, TLP calibration, high-voltage ESD solutions, and latchup immunity. The papers also discuss on-chip protection strategies and system-level ESD testing.

  • ESD Protection
  • CMOS Technology
  • SCR Devices
  • LDMOS Design
  • RF ESD
  • TLP Calibration
  • High-Voltage ESD
  • Latchup Immunity
  • On-Chip Protection
  • System-Level ESD Test
Research works
21k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
2.1k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
-4%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
39% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics

Which countries lead Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (886 and 461 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 886 works
  2. 2 United States 461 works
  3. 3 India 168 works
  4. 4 Germany 159 works
  5. 5 Japan 154 works
  6. 6 France 97 works
  7. 7 South Korea 94 works
  8. 8 Italy 83 works
  9. 9 Taiwan 82 works
  10. 10 United Kingdom 63 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 39.4%United States: 20.5%India: 7.5%Germany: 7.1%6 others listed: 25.5%39%largest
China886 · 39.4%United States461 · 20.5%India168 · 7.5%Germany159 · 7.1%6 others listed573 · 25.5%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics research?

By volume in 2022-now, Xi'an Jiaotong University publishes the most Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics research, followed by Chinese Academy of Sciences and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina 67 works
  2. 2 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 43 works
  3. 3 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 34 works
  4. 4 Zhejiang UniversityChina 28 works
  5. 5 University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChina 26 works
  6. 6 Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyChina 25 works
  7. 7 National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaiwan 24 works
  8. 8 Chongqing UniversityChina 24 works
  9. 9 North China Electric Power UniversityChina 22 works
  10. 10 Xidian UniversityChina 19 works

Who are the leading researchers in Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics include Xiaogang Wang, Kenji Watanabe and Kai You Wang.

  1. 1 Xiaogang Wang China 260k citations
  2. 2 Kenji Watanabe Japan 237k citations
  3. 3 Kai You Wang China 224k citations
  4. 4 Frede Blaabjerg Denmark 203k citations
  5. 5 Hua Zhang Singapore 196k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics?

The most cited paper in Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics is "HL-1 cells: A cardiac muscle cell line that contracts and retains phenotypic characteristics of the adult cardiomyocyte" (William C. Claycomb, Nicholas A. Lanson, Beverly S. Stallworth et al., 1998), with 1,563 citations. Next come "Multiplication noise in uniform avalanche diodes" (1,468) and "MiRP1 Forms IKr Potassium Channels with HERG and Is Associated with Cardiac Arrhythmia" (1,363).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 HL-1 cells: A cardiac muscle cell line that contracts and retains phenotypic characteristics of the adult cardiomyocyte William C. Claycomb, Nicholas A. Lanson, Beverly S. Stallworth et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Open access 17 Mar 1998 1,563
2 Multiplication noise in uniform avalanche diodes R.J. McIntyre · IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 1966 1,468
3 MiRP1 Forms IKr Potassium Channels with HERG and Is Associated with Cardiac Arrhythmia Geoffrey Winston Abbott, Federico Sesti, Igor Splawski et al. · Cell Open access Apr 1999 1,363
4 Electronic and Ionic Impact Phenomena H. S. W. Massey, E. H. S. Burhop, Philip Μ. Morse · Physics Today 1953 1,273
5 Ambulatory sudden cardiac death: Mechanisms of production of fatal arrhythmia on the basis of data from 157 cases Antonio Bayés de Luna, P Coumel, J. F. Leclercq · American Heart Journal 1989 1,029
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics research done?

The largest centres of Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Xi'an (China), Shanghai (China) and Tokyo (Japan). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Hsinchu.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 185 works
  2. 2 Xi'anChina 118 works
  3. 3 ShanghaiChina 68 works
  4. 4 TokyoJapan 54 works
  5. 5 ChengduChina 50 works
  6. 6 NanjingChina 49 works
  7. 7 WuhanChina 47 works
  8. 8 SeoulSouth Korea 47 works
  9. 9 HsinchuTaiwan 39 works
  10. 10 HangzhouChina 37 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. HsinchuTW · 39.4 works17×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics than the world average.

See Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics on the map

Where is the best place to study Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics?

Among universities, judged by research, Nanyang Technological University, Xi'an Jiaotong University and Chongqing University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 19.81%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Nanyang Technologica…Aalborg UniversityChongqing UniversityXi'an Jiaotong Unive…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 67.841.9%5.0×10 +18.8%
2Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina 64.015.6%15.8×67 -5.3%
3Chongqing UniversityChina 61.717.8%9.0×24 +68.6%
4Aalborg UniversityDenmark 56.518.7%7.5×10 +27.1%
5Hunan UniversityChina 54.837.1%5.0×9 +13.8%
6University of FloridaUnited States 53.016.4%6.0×16 +33.5%
7Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyChina 51.213.5%5.8×25 +39.2%
8Zhejiang UniversityChina 50.813.2%4.3×28 +32.8%
9Xidian UniversityChina 49.916.3%10.8×19 +60.3%
10North China Electric Power UniversityChina 46.77.6%13.6×22 +23.9%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics, country by country

Is Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 4% lower than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2002.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.011% in 2024.

still counting0.050%0.10%Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics0.0094% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics9.7% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

Discussion

Ask a question or share a note about Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics. Posts are plain text and can be reported.