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Burundi vs Montenegro

On research quality in 2022-now, Montenegro ranks #63 in the world and Burundi #175, of 189 countries. Burundi stands higher in 0 of the 5 fields both publish in, Montenegro in 5.

Research profiles alike: 0.56similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Burundi

World rank, 2022-now
#175
#157 all time
Works, 2022-now
1.4k
fractional
Top-10% rate
8.9%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
54%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Linguistics and Language, History and Philosophy of Science, Horticulture.

Montenegro

World rank, 2022-now
#63
#62 all time
Works, 2022-now
2.8k
fractional
Top-10% rate
8.4%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
56%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, General Energy, Space and Planetary Science.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Burundi leads on 3 of 9 measures: top-10% rate, citations per work and international co-authorship. Montenegro leads on 3 of 9 measures: research quality, output and open access. The two are level on excellence for its fields, institutions in the world top 100 and growth.

Burundi 33 level3 Montenegro
  1. #175Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#63
  2. 1.01×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.99×
  3. 1.4kOutputfractional works, 2022-now2.8k
  4. 8.9%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited8.4%
  5. 15.1Citations per workall time, per fractional work8.7
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 54%Open accessof its works free to read, all time56%
  8. 53%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time46%
  9. +16%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+17%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Burundi stands higher in 0 of 5 fields, Montenegro in 5. Montenegro leads most in Social Sciences (#85 against #132). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Burundi 05 Montenegro
  1. -Computer Science#56
  2. -Engineering#58
  3. -Environmental Science#59
  4. -Medicine#70
  5. #132Social Sciences#85

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Burundi rankMontenegro rank Burundi top 10%Montenegro top 10% Burundi worksMontenegro works
Computer Science - #56 - 9.1% - 249
Engineering - #58 - 7.4% - 465
Environmental Science - #59 - 9.6% - 201
Medicine - #70 - 7.3% - 332
Social Sciences #132 #85 11.2% 6.2% 376 303

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Burundi

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Globalization80▲ 2.4×92 topics
  2. Climate Change79▲ 1.72×89 topics
  3. Sustainability62▲ 1.49×66 topics
  4. Sustainable Development54▲ 2.0×41 topics
  5. Social Justice54▲ 5.3×30 topics
  6. Gender47▲ 5.2×41 topics
  7. Education47▲ 1.60×72 topics
  8. Community Engagement44▲ 8.1×13 topics
  9. Colonialism44▲ 5.5×36 topics
  10. Public Policy42▲ 5.3×16 topics
  11. Territorial Governance41▲ 21×4 topics
  12. History40▲ 3.4×53 topics
  13. Local Development40▲ 23×2 topics
  14. Identity40▲ 3.2×54 topics
  15. Smallholder Farmers36▲ 10×5 topics
  16. Religion35▲ 4.4×27 topics
  17. Citizen Participation31▲ 16×1 topic
  18. Environmental Participation31▲ 26×1 topic
  19. Gender Studies30▲ 12×9 topics
  20. Sociolinguistics30▲ 9.6×8 topics
  21. Ethics28▲ 3.3×31 topics
  22. Social Movements27▲ 5.4×17 topics
  23. Migration26▲ 4.5×17 topics
  24. Democracy26▲ 4.4×14 topics
  25. Agroecology26▲ 11×4 topics
  26. Adaptation25▲ 5.0×11 topics
  27. Diversity24▲ 7.9×8 topics
  28. Multilingualism22▲ 8.2×5 topics
  29. Agricultural Development22▲ 8.5×5 topics
  30. Islam21▲ 6.1×5 topics
  31. Livestock Farming21▲ 21×2 topics
  32. Multifunctionality21▲ 27×2 topics
  33. Work Organization21▲ 32×1 topic
  34. Ethnographic Research21▲ 25×3 topics
  35. Educational Policies20▲ 11×2 topics
  36. Sociological Analysis20▲ 22×2 topics
  37. Professional Practices20▲ 34×1 topic
  38. Public Action20▲ 34×1 topic
  39. Social Change19▲ 9.3×11 topics
  40. Archaeology19▲ 8.7×10 topics

Montenegro

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Climate Change171▲ 1.89×101 topics
  2. Deep Learning158▲ 1.38×79 topics
  3. Machine Learning119◆ 1.07×80 topics
  4. Sustainability106▲ 1.31×95 topics
  5. Sustainable Development87▲ 1.68×61 topics
  6. Renewable Energy80▲ 1.67×47 topics
  7. Neural Networks78▲ 1.53×40 topics
  8. Economic Growth77▲ 2.9×26 topics
  9. Environmental Impact74▲ 1.31×57 topics
  10. Biodiversity66▲ 2.6×31 topics
  11. Remote Sensing59▲ 1.46×36 topics
  12. Identity54▲ 2.2×37 topics
  13. Biogeography51▲ 5.5×20 topics
  14. Religion46▲ 3.0×24 topics
  15. Invasive Species46▲ 3.2×21 topics
  16. Nationalism43▲ 2.9×18 topics
  17. International Relations43▲ 5.3×18 topics
  18. Regional Development39▲ 3.4×14 topics
  19. Ethnicity39▲ 3.1×14 topics
  20. Sovereign Debt Crises38▲ 29×2 topics
  21. Nation-Building38▲ 22×4 topics
  22. International Trade38▲ 8.1×10 topics
  23. Foreign Policy38▲ 30×2 topics
  24. Agricultural Sustainability35▲ 9.2×5 topics
  25. Taxonomy34▲ 7.1×13 topics
  26. Negotiation34▲ 29×2 topics
  27. Phylogeny33▲ 6.0×16 topics
  28. Commercial Diplomacy33▲ 84×1 topic
  29. Ecology33▲ 5.8×9 topics
  30. Economic Diplomacy33▲ 84×1 topic
  31. Innovation Management33▲ 6.4×7 topics
  32. Conflict31▲ 5.8×7 topics
  33. Balkans31▲ 40×2 topics
  34. Small and Medium Enterprises29▲ 4.9×4 topics
  35. Leadership Emergence28▲ 61×1 topic
  36. Rural Tourism28▲ 27×1 topic
  37. Mediterranean27▲ 9.2×6 topics
  38. Eastern Europe27▲ 15×2 topics
  39. Post-war26▲ 68×1 topic
  40. Yugoslavia26▲ 68×1 topic

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Montenegro has out-published Burundi every year since 2011, when it overtook it.

still counting5001kMontenegro998 in 2025Burundi394 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.010%0.020%Montenegro0.017% in 2025Burundi0.0067% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Montenegro9.5% in 2025Burundi7.6% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Burundi 05 level0 Montenegro
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Burundi or Montenegro?

Montenegro publishes 1.9× as much research as Burundi in 2022-now (2.8k against 1.4k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Burundi or Montenegro?

8.9% of Burundi's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 8.4% for Montenegro.

Is Burundi or Montenegro growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +17% against 2018-21 for Montenegro, and +16% for Burundi.

Which has more open access research, Burundi or Montenegro?

56% of Montenegro's research is free to read, against 54% of Burundi's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Burundi or Montenegro?

Burundi holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Montenegro 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Burundi

  1. 1Université du Burundi8.4% top 10% · 302 works
  2. 2École Normale Supérieure9.0% top 10% · 857 works
  3. 3Republic of Burundi6.2% top 10% · 72 works

Montenegro

  1. 1Ministry of Education14.6% top 10% · 468 works
  2. 2University of Montenegro6.7% top 10% · 1.4k works
  3. 3Mediterranean University7.6% top 10% · 395 works
  4. 4University of Donja Gorica8.1% top 10% · 147 works
  5. 5Ministry of Science11.0% top 10% · 110 works
  6. 6Klinički Centar Crne Gore3.1% top 10% · 67 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Burundi

  1. 1 Ildephonse Sindayigaya #134,682 worldwide 331 citations · 35 works
  2. 2 Arnaud Iradukunda #717,202 worldwide 8.5k citations · 29 works
  3. 3 Jacques Nkengurutse #1,125,088 worldwide 177 citations · 33 works
  4. 4 Juma Shabani #1,326,444 worldwide 369 citations · 53 works
  5. 5 Paterne Gahungu #1,535,436 worldwide 86 citations · 29 works

Montenegro

  1. 1 Nebojša Bulatović #261,816 worldwide 17k citations · 42 works
  2. 2 T. Ravdandorj #265,252 worldwide 5k citations · 92 works
  3. 3 K. B. Cantun Avila #321,930 worldwide 4.7k citations · 86 works
  4. 4 Aneta Bošković #366,061 worldwide 32k citations · 41 works
  5. 5 B. Tseepeldorj #384,755 worldwide 4k citations · 68 works